What are the main forms of expression of poetry?

Poetry contains the poet's main emotions. With the evolution of the times, there are various forms of expression of poetry. Various forms, highlighting the different styles and characteristics of each era. Let's learn the main forms of poetry together. Ancient poetry is also called ancient poetry and ancient style. It is a poetic style relative to modern poetry, which came into being earlier. The number of sentences can be more or less, and there is no limit to the number of words in each sentence. There are four characters, five characters, six characters, seven characters and miscellaneous characters, and five or seven characters are often used in later generations. There are no certain requirements for the use of words, and rhyming is relatively free. You can rhyme sentence by sentence, rhyme every other sentence, rhyme to the end, or rhyme a few words. From the dual point of view, you can use all sentences, half sentences, or none at all. The names of ancient poems first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, poems that came into being before the Tang Dynasty and were less bound by metrical rules were called classical poems, as opposed to modern poems. According to the Tang Dynasty, later generations called Yuefu folk songs, literati poems before the Tang Dynasty and poems written by literati after the Tang Dynasty ancient poems, also called modern poems. Modern poetry is a new poem in the Tang Dynasty, so mediocre people named it modern poetry in order to distinguish it from previous ancient poems, which is relative to ancient poems that are not bound by metrical rules. The meter of modern poetry is very strict, including fixed sentences (except arrangement, the number of each poem is fixed), fixed characters (the number of words in each poem is fixed, fixed rhyme (the rhyme position is fixed), fixed words (the level of each word in the poem is fixed) and fixed couplet (the couplet in the middle of rhyme must be correct). Compared with classical poetry, it is more orderly in form and harmonious in rhythm, but more restrictive. Modern poetry can be divided into metrical poems and quatrains. A kind of metrical poem. The form has certain norms and the phonology has certain rules. If there is a change, there must be a certain format. That is to say, in a metrical poem, every sentence has a certain syllable, and every section (or paragraph) has a certain number of sentences and verses (and the whole poem has no segmentation). This kind of poetry should rhyme or rhyme, or cross-rhyme, or rhyme the whole poem, or change rhyme according to a certain format. In a word, this kind of poem has a certain format in the form of expression. Metric poems are found in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad. Chinese classical metrical poems generally refer to metrical poems and quatrains, and the common forms are five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains. There are strict rules on the name tag, the name tag and the number of paragraphs, sentences, words, sentence patterns and rhymes of each song, so it can also be called metrical poetry. European metrical poems are generally one or two lines, each section has a certain number of lines, each line has a certain number of words and pauses, and rhymes, rhymes and rhymes have certain rules. Rhyme is a kind of modern poetry. There are strict rules. Originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Eight sentences each. According to the number of words, it can be divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems, referred to as five laws and seven laws. In addition, there is exclusion. The rhyme of metrical poems stipulates that no matter the five rhymes, seven rhymes and oblique rhymes, they must rhyme to the end, and no rhyme is allowed. The position of rhyme is fixed, that is, two, four, six and eight rhymes. Whether the first sentence rhymes freely. The first sentence of the five laws does not rhyme, on the contrary, the first sentence of the seven laws rhymes. At the same time, there are strict rules on the arrangement of regular poems, and they also require confrontation. One or two lines of metrical poems are called the first couplet, three or four lines are called the collar couplet, five or six lines are called the neck couplet, and seven or eight lines are called the tail couplet. Among them, the forehead tie and neck tie must be opposite. Duel is dual, such as noun to noun pronoun to pronoun, verb to verb, numeral to numeral, locative word to appositive word, etc. Poetic title of quatrains. Every four sentences is equal to half of the metrical poem, so it is also called sentence-breaking. There are five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, which originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. It is divided into ancient quatrains and modern quatrains. Antique quatrains are a kind of antiquated poems, which are flat and flat, but don't pay attention to flat and flat rhymes. This kind of quatrains appeared earlier. There are four archaic quatrains in the Poem of New Yutai edited by Chen in the Southern Dynasties. Later, someone wrote it, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night and Questions and Answers in the Mountain. Modern quatrains are a kind of modern poems, usually called metrical quatrains, which require the use of parallelism according to metrical rules, paying attention to sticking to the right and limiting rhyme. As for antithesis, the law is by no means as strict as metrical poetry. Whether to use it, whether to use it partially or completely, is free. This kind of quatrains came into being after the rise of regular poems, such as Ping's "Climbing the Crane Tower" and He's "Homecoming Couplet Book", all of which are one kind of regular poems. It is arranged and extended according to the format of general metrical poems, so it is called exclusion and long law. The arrangement of metrical poems, like the general metrical poems, should strictly abide by the rules of rhyming in parallel and flat tones, but it is not limited to four rhymes. Each song has at least five rhymes and ten sentences, and more than five sentences. Rhyme (100 sentence) or even 100 rhyme (200 sentences). Except for the first and last couplets, all the couplets in the middle are antithetical sentences, and all sentences should follow the format of flat paste. Due to too many restrictions, it is easy to appear rigid, and there have been few famous articles. The arrangement of five words is generally five words, and seven words are rare. Five-character arrangement evolved from five-character ancient poems in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. In the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, Xie Lingyun's "Looking at the Lake from Nanshan to Beishan" and Liang Shixin's "Fenghe Mountain Pool" had a rudiment of arrangement, but the system was short, limited to five rhymes and ten rhymes. After Du Fu, Fang Gao became mature, the system became longer and the melody became more mature. Bai Juyi's Poems on behalf of the Book in the Middle Tang Dynasty sent a little sand as long as 100 rhyme. Han Yu, Yu Jiao, etc. Even using couplets as long poems (such as "South of the City") is more skillful in form, but increasingly poor in content. Because this kind of poetry mainly relies on the oral recitation of the reciter to directly publicize and encourage the masses, the audience can't stop to chew and savor the poems written in words like when reading or reciting poems. Therefore, friends should not only pay attention to the characteristics of general poetry, but also pay attention to the distinctive theme, lively rhythm and harmonious tone. Poetry reading includes individual reading and collective reading. Reading with music is very common in modern radio programs. Ke Yan's Premier Zhou, Where Are You, Li Ying's Mourning in January and Shi Xiang's Lantern in Zhou Fenli House are all well-known poems with humorous artistic conception, implied sarcasm and vulgar words. Some writers, Bai Qian, also used it to refer to Bletilla striata's poems. According to the Southern New Book in the Song Dynasty and Yixiaosan in the Ming Dynasty, there was a scholar named Zhang Dayou in Nanyang in the Tang Dynasty. He usually likes folk songs, often interacts with folk singers, collects folk songs and writes humorous sentences in poems. Although the words are vulgar and indecent, they are easy to understand and understand Dong. He has Snow Poetry, General Jiang Yun L, and there are black holes in the well. The yellow dog is white and the white dog is swollen. He has poems on the wall, too? Six out of the sky, the front street and the back street are beautiful. It will be fine one day. Those who make brooms make brooms and those who make shovels make shovels. Later, people called this vulgar poem of Zhang a doggerel. In fact, these poems are just vulgar words, but the content is not superficial. A kind of free verse. The number of paragraphs, the number of lines in each paragraph and the number of words in each line are not fixed. Although we pay attention to rhythm and rhyme, it doesn't matter what rhyme, the position where rhyme changes, whether rhyme changes and so on. Because it is not restricted by meter, it is called free verse. The founder of American poetry is Whitman, and his poem Leaves of Grass is written in the form of free verse. This kind of poem was also very popular in China after the May 4th Movement. Guo Moruo's Goddess is a new collection of free verse. Many of Ai Qing's poems, regardless of length and form, also belong to the category of free verse. Sonnet is a European lyric poem with strict meter. Originally popular in Renaissance Italy, the representative writer is Petrarch, so it is also called Petrarch style. Each sonnet consists of two quatrains and two three-line poems, each with 1 1 syllables, usually iambic. The first two paragraphs of the rhyme format are generally A, B, A and B, and the last two paragraphs are six lines or two rhymes or three rhymes. Spread to Britain, France, Germany and other places, adapted to the characteristics of these languages, resulting in variants. For example, Shakespeare's sonnets in England consist of three sections and four lines of antithesis, each line has ten iambic syllables. The common rhyming methods are A, B, C, D, E and G. Shakespeare's sonnets were written during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, so they are also called Elizabethan style. Folk songs, ballads and nursery rhymes. In ancient China, music was a song, and a song was a ballad, which is collectively called a ballad in modern times. The basic characteristics are: most of them are created collectively by the masses and passed down orally, and they tend to be perfected through collective processing, modification or polishing by the authors of the classics in the process of circulation. The purpose is to express thoughts and feelings to promote production or struggle, and sometimes it is also used for entertainment and rest. Ballads have a wide range of themes, including productive labor, political struggle, daily life and sunny love between men and women. In artistic expression, the rhyme is harmonious, the words are concise, the style is simple, and it is rich in national and local characteristics. Most ancient ballads were recorded by literati, and most of them were processed and abridged by them. The Ancient Proverbs compiled by Du in Qing Dynasty included many ballads from ancient times to Ming Dynasty. The first and second episodes of "Selected Songs of China" compiled by the Folk Literature Group of the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences have selected China's modern and contemporary songs, providing convenience for readers. A folk song. The oral creation of working people and its oral spread. Its specific content varies with times, nationalities and regions, but it all shows the life, thoughts, feelings, demands and wishes of working people. China folk songs are rich and colorful. From the content, there are labor songs, political songs, life songs, love songs and so on. From the subject matter, there are fishing songs, folk songs, Tian Ge, woodcutter songs, pastoral songs and so on. From the geographical and formal features, there are Xintianyou, Mountain Climbing, Huajian, Wu Ge, Yuege, Hakka Folk Songs and northeast folk. In addition, ethnic minorities also have their own folk songs. China folk songs are not only widely distributed, but also have a long history. The Book of Songs preserves some folk songs of the Zhou Dynasty, and there are also many works of working people in the Yuefu of the Han and Wei Dynasties. Since then, folk songs have been handed down from generation to generation. Today's folk songs have a brand-new content and have been collected in large quantities. Excellent folk songs in different times are an important part of literature in different times, which affects the writer's poetry creation. Children's songs are a kind of children's literature. Together with nursery rhymes, it is called children's ballads. In addition to children's self-editing, there are also adult manuscripts. Most of them reflect children's lives and thoughts, showing their views on objective things, their yearning for a better life, and their naive and imaginative psychology. The form is short and lively, the language is easy to understand, the rhythm is clear and clear, and the rhythm is loud. It is a kind of children's literature suitable for children to accept and sing nursery rhymes. Together with nursery rhymes, it is called nursery rhymes. Short form, simple language, clear meaning, suitable for children to sing. Some are written by children, others by adults. Some nursery rhymes handed down in the past satirize reality, express people's thoughts and wishes, and bring more irony and fantasy factors. But some also publicized the reactionary thoughts of the reactionary class. Prose poetry is a poem written in the form of prose, which has the general characteristics of prose, such as short space and wide subject matter; Flexible form, diverse techniques, straightforward expression, and focus on meaning; Scattered gods get together and don't mix. However, compared with ordinary prose, the language pays more attention to conciseness, and the content is more jumping, which has the artistic conception required by ordinary poetry. Often in the limited space, it contains rich philosophy and the author's strong ideology. Prose poems have no branches, and they don't necessarily rhyme like ordinary poems. Sentences are scattered but not scattered, so there is no need to pay attention to strict syllables and paces like ordinary poems. According to the needs of the content, choosing prose poems can often make the works have both the interest of prose and the charm of poetry, which is a relatively flexible style. Lu Xun's Weeds is an excellent collection of prose poems.