The Buddha of Poetry is Wang Wei, the Demon of Poetry is Bai Juyi, the Immortal of Poetry is Li Bai, and the Saint of Poetry is Du Fu.
1. Wang Wei
Wang Wei (701-761, one theory is 699-761), whose courtesy name was Mojie and whose name was Mojie layman. A native of Puzhou, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), his ancestral home is Qi County, Shanxi. Famous poet and painter of Tang Dynasty.
Wang Wei was born in the Wang family in Hedong, and passed the first prize in the 19th year of Kaiyuan (731). Li Guanyou collected relics, censored the censor, and made the judge during the Hexi Festival. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei paid homage to the official doctor and gave him a job.
When An Lushan captured Chang'an, Wang Wei was forced to take a pseudo post. After Chang'an was recovered, he was awarded the title of Prince Zhongyun. During the Qianyuan period of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as "Wang Youcheng" in his later life.
Wang Wei studied Zen and understood philosophy, studied Zhuang Daoism, and was proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, etc. He was famous among Kaiyuan and Tianbao for his poems, especially five-character poems, which often sang about mountains, rivers and pastoral areas, and collaborated with Meng Haoran. He is called "Wang Meng" and is also known as the "Poetry Buddha".
2. Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, also known as Xiangshan Jushi, and Mr. Zuiyin, was originally from Taiyuan, Shanxi, and moved to Xiagui when his great-grandfather , born in Xinzheng, Henan.
He was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen jointly advocated the New Yuefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" in the world, and "Liu Bai" together with Liu Yuxi.
Bai Juyi's poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms, and simple and popular language. He is known as the "Poetry Demon" and the "Poetry King". He became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan.
In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. There is "Bai's Changqing Collection" handed down from generation to generation, and his representative poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Play" and so on.
3. Li Bai
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as "Exiled Immortal", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Later generations hailed him as the "Immortal of Poetry", and together with Du Fu, he was called "Li Du". In order to distinguish him from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai were also collectively called "Big Li Du".
According to the "New Book of Tang", Li Bai was the ninth grandson of Emperor Xingsheng (Liang Wuzhao King Li Hao) and the same clan as the kings of Li and Tang Dynasties. He is a cheerful and generous person who loves drinking, writing poetry, and making friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao Liezhuang's thoughts. There is "The Collection of Li Taibai" handed down to the world. Most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include "Wang Lushan Waterfall", "The Road is Difficult" and "The Road to Shu is Difficult". "About to Enter the Wine", "Mingtang Fu", "Early Departure from Baidi City" and many other poems.
The Song Dynasty people have biographies of Li Bai's poems and poems (such as the first volume of Wen Ying's "Xiangshan Wild Records"). In terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys an extremely high status.
4. Du Fu
Du Fu (712-770), also known as Shaoling Yelao, was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Li Bai, he was known as "Li Bai". Du". Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, he later moved to Gong County, Henan Province. Du Fu had a profound influence on Chinese classical poetry. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called the "History of Poetry".
When Du Fu was a boy, he traveled to Wuyue and Qi and Zhao successively, during which time he went to Luoyang to fail in the examination. After the age of thirty-five, he first took the examination in Chang'an and failed; later he presented gifts to the emperor and nobles. Unable to succeed in officialdom, he witnessed with his own eyes the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class society in the Tang Dynasty.
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell. Du Fu traveled to many places. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs.
He created famous works such as "Ascend the High", "Spring Look", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Although Du Fu is a realist poet, he also has a wild and uninhibited side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking".
Extended information:
Literary achievements:
1. Wang Wei
Keywords in work style: drawing shadows and shapes, freehand brushwork The beauty of expressiveness and both form and spirit. "There are paintings within poems, and poems within paintings." With his fresh, distant, natural and refined style, Wang Wei created an artistic conception of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting" and "Zen in poetry", setting up an unfailing banner in the poetry world.
His calligraphy and painting are so exquisite that later generations regard him as the ancestor of Nanzong landscape painting. There are more than 400 poems in existence, and representative poems include "Lovesickness", "Mountain Dwelling in Autumn Twilight", etc. His works include "The Collection of Wang Youcheng" and "Secrets of Painting".
2. Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi was a great poet with great influence in the mid-Tang Dynasty. His poetic ideas and poetry creation were characterized by his outstanding emphasis on popularity and realism and his full efforts. Expression occupies an important position in the history of Chinese poetry.
"Pipa Song" and "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" are Bai Juyi's most successful works. The outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyrical factors.
Compared with previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narration and description to express events, they simplify the events to the extreme, using only one central event and two or three main characters. The structure of the whole article, such as the dramatic Mawei Incident;
The author will go through it with just a few strokes, but in the most lyrical description of the character's psychology and the rendering of the environment, he splashes ink like rain, in order to enjoy it , even a work like "Pipa Xing", which focuses more on the imitation of music sounds and the narration of character encounters, uses emotion to closely connect the sounds and events. The sounds rise with the emotions, and the emotions change with the events, which makes the progress of the poem Always with moving emotional power.
3. Li Bai
Li Bai has the highest achievements in Yuefu, song lines and quatrains. His song lines completely break all the inherent formats of poetry creation, with nothing to rely on, and various brushwork techniques, reaching a magical realm of unpredictable and swaying at will.
Li Bai's quatrains are natural, lively, elegant and unrestrained, and can express endless emotions in concise and clear language. Among the poets of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran were good at the Five Jue, and Wang Changling and other Qi Jue wrote very well. Li Bai was the only one who was good at both the Five Jue and the Seven Jue and reached the same extreme level.
Li Bai's poems are majestic and elegant, with extremely high artistic achievements. He eulogized the mountains, rivers and beautiful natural scenery of the motherland, with a majestic and unrestrained style, handsome and fresh, full of romantic spirit, and achieved the unity of content and art. He was called the "Exiled Immortal" by He Zhizhang, and most of his poems mainly described landscapes and expressed inner emotions.
4. Du Fu
In Du Fu's middle age, his poems were called "the history of poetry" because of his melancholy style of poetry and concern for the country and the people. His poems are good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with various styles. The four words "depressed and frustrated" accurately summarize the style of his own works, and the main style is melancholy.
Du Fu lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's suffering at that time. His poems recorded The great historical changes in the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline express the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of worry, so it is known as the "History of Poetry".
Du’s poetry received widespread attention after the Song Dynasty. Wang Yucheng, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu. For nearly a thousand years, the trend of curing Du has continued.
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