Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC or 339-278 BC) was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Chu Danyang (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. After General Qin attacked Ying, the capital of Chu State (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), Qu Yuan drowned in the Miluo River and died heroically.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative author of Chu Ci, which pioneered the tradition of "vanilla beauty", and is known as "the ancestor of China's poetry" and "the ancestor of Ci". The appearance of Qu Yuan marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. Qu Yuan's major works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen. Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry.
1953, on the occasion of the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution to identify Qu Yuan as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world.
xunzi
Xunzi (about 325-238 BC) was honored as "Qing", so he was also called. Sun Qing was renamed in the Han Dynasty, a native of Zhao State (now southern Shaanxi) at the end of the Warring States Period, and a famous thinker in the pre-Qin period. Xunzi traveled to Qi in his early years and learned a lot. He served as the "wine sacrifice" of the Xia Ji of the State of Qi for three times. In about 264 BC, at the invitation of him, he went west to the State of Qin. After that, he returned to Zhao, where he joined Cheng Xiao in front of Linwu Junyi. Later, Xunzi was used by Chu Chunshen as the order of Lanling (now Lanling Town, Cangshui County, Shandong Province). Engaged in teaching and writing in his later years.
Xunzi is knowledgeable, inherits and develops Confucianism and absorbs the strengths of various schools, so he is unique in Confucianism. On the issue of human nature, Xunzi advocated the theory of evil nature, and good nature was the result of enlightenment. In the view of heaven, he put forward the view that "those who master fate and make use of it" will conquer heaven. Xunzi attached great importance to ceremony, and advocated the Confucian thought of kingship, believing that "water can carry a boat and also overturn it".
zuo qiu ming
Zuo Qiuming (502 BC-422 BC) was born in Junzhuang (now Yuheng Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng City, Shandong Province), a historian, writer, thinker, essayist and strategist at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a blind historian named Bian, who memorized ancient history and legends, told them and passed them on from mouth to mouth, supplementing and enriching written records. Zuo Qiuming is one of them. According to legend, Zuo Qiuming wrote two books, Zuo's Chunqiu (also known as Zuo Zhuan) and Guoyu, which recorded many important historical events in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Chunqiu and preserved valuable original materials. Because of its detailed historical materials and vivid words, it has aroused the interest of scholars at home and abroad, and is known as "Shi Sheng, a litterateur", "statesman and ancestor". Confucius and Sima Qian both respected Zuo Qiuming as their "ancestor". Zuo Qiuming is the founder of China traditional historiography, and Zuo Qiuming is regarded as the originator of China historiography by historians. He is also called "the father of hundred schools of thought, the father of ancient Chinese". Zuo Qiuming's thought is Confucianism, which reflects people's interests and demands at that time.
Kurt Sun
Sun Wu (about 545 BC-about 470 BC), whose real name was Changqing, was born in Le 'an (now northern Shandong Province) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. China was a famous strategist and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is honored as a soldier saint or grandson (Sun Wuzi), and is known as "the teacher of hundreds of battles" and "the originator of Oriental military science".
Sun Wu was active from the end of 6th century BC to the beginning of 5th century BC, from Qi State to Wu State, and was recommended by the senior minister of Wu State (Wu Zixu). He presented thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War to He Lv, the king of Wu, and was reused as a general. He once led the Wu team to defeat the Chu team, occupied the capital of Chu, and almost destroyed Chu.
His masterpiece, The Art of War, contains thirteen articles, which are highly praised by later military strategists. It is known as the "sacred book of military science" and ranks first among the seven military classics. Sun Tzu's Art of War occupies an extremely important position in the history of military affairs, military art and philosophy in China and even in the world, and is widely used in politics, economy, military affairs, culture, philosophy and other fields. This book has been translated into English, French, German and Japanese, making it the most famous model of military science in the world.
Yan ying
Yan Ying, also known as Yan Zi, also known as Zhong Ping. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yi Wei (a native of Gaomi, Shandong) was a doctor of the State of Qi. He is an important politician, thinker and diplomat. He is famous for his political foresight, diplomatic ability and simple style. He loves his country and his people, dares to speak out, and enjoys a high reputation among the rulers and the people. In 556 BC, after the death of his father Wei Yan, he succeeded Qi Qing, who served as Gong Ling, Zhuang Gong and Gong Jing III. He was an important politician, thinker and diplomat in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He was ordered to marry Jin and predicted that the Qi regime would eventually be replaced by Tian. There is an ancient book, The Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan Zi, which was compiled by people during the Warring States Period. Dare to speak out, correct the monarch's mistakes, advocate thrift and practice. The three emperors, Gong Ling, Duke Zhuang and Gong Jing, were all officials of the State of Qi, and they were worthy of the name "the elders of the Three Dynasties". Legend has it that Yan Zi is short, "less than six feet long". He is not outstanding in appearance, but resourceful and upright, which has made great contributions to the prosperity of Qi.
Gordon Chou
Ji, a famous Dan, also known as Shu Dan, was a politician, strategist, thinker and educator in the Western Zhou Dynasty. He was honored as "Yuan Sheng", a pioneer of Confucianism. Zhou Wenwang's fourth son, Zhou Wuwang's half brother. Because the fief is in Zhou, it is called Duke Zhou.
After King Wu established the Zhou Dynasty, he died three years later. His son became a young king, and Zhou Gongdan was the regent of this country. His brothers, Cai Shu and Huo Shu colluded with Shang Zhou's sons, such as Wu Geng, Xu and Yan, to rebel. He was ordered to start his career, suppressed the rebellion three years later and extended his power to the East China Sea. After the completion of Zhouluoyi, it became the eastern capital. According to legend, the system of rites and music has established a set of laws and regulations. His remarks can be found in various articles in Shangshu. He is the most admired ancient sage of Confucius.
Lieyukou
Lieyukou, whose name is Lielongkou, was born in A Zheng in the Warring States Period, and was the pioneer of the Taoist school. He was called Liezi and advocated valuing emptiness. There is no biography of Lieyu in Historical Records, but his name can be found in Zhuangzi, Guanzi, Yanzi, Mozi, All Scholars Are Wrong, Autopsy and Lv Chunqiu. Lieyukou became famous in Liezi, and there was a chapter named after him. The main purpose is to preach that you should not show off your wisdom to the outside world, but cultivate your mind, so as to achieve the realm of "not going into heaven", following nature and achieving uselessness.