Emperor Daowu (371-49) was the founder of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The word involves Gui, a member of the Tuoba department of Xianbei nationality. The grandson of Shi Yijian, the acting king. Before the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, he was forced to live in exile in Dugu and Helan. After the battle of Feishui, he gathered his old staff and resumed the title of acting king. Immediately, he was renamed Wang Wei, and the Dugu, Helan and neighboring tribes were destroyed, and the national situation gradually flourished. Once in Shenhebei (now between Fengzhen and Liangcheng in Inner Mongolia), Yan Murong Baojun was defeated, and after attacking Houyan, there were places in Bingzhou and Hebei. In the third year of the Emperor's reign, Pingcheng (now the northeast of Datong City, Shanxi Province) was its capital, namely the throne. When he was in office, he began to "divide the land and settle down", developed agriculture and mulberry, quoted Han natives, promoted the transformation of Tuoba nationality to feudal system, and laid the foundation for unifying the north. In his later years, he lost his mind and was killed by his son Tuoba Shao. At the beginning, he proclaimed Emperor Kai and changed his name to Emperor Wudi.
Song Wendi, Liu Yilong (47-453), emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), the third son of Emperor Wu of Song. In 424-453. King Yidu was first sealed. After Shaodi was killed, he was made emperor by the minister's cradle. After he ascended the throne, he removed the autocratic ministers Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, Xie Hui, etc., adhered to the centralized policy of Emperor Wu, suppressed the merger of powerful men, cleaned up the household registration, reduced or exempted the synchronous tax, advised farmers to teach mulberry and rewarded Confucianism, and the feudal economy and culture of the right to use got better development, which was praised by historians as "the rule of Yuanjia". Later, due to the comprehensive defense against the attack of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the people's strength was exhausted, and the national situation gradually declined. Killed by Zi Shao, Shi Wendi.
Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (467-499), Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was a politician of Xianbei nationality. 471-499. When he acceded to the throne, he was 5 years old, and his mother Feng Taihou presided over the political affairs, and successively promulgated the Banlu system, the Sanlong system and the equal land system. After taking power in the 14th year of Taihe (49), he continued the historical rule of put in order and accelerated the feudalization of the Northern Wei regime. Soon, the capital was moved to Luoyang, and the old customs of Xianbei were comprehensively reformed: it was stipulated that Hanfu should be used instead of Xianbei clothing, and Chinese should be used instead of Xianbei language. Xianbei people who moved to Luo were born in Luoyang and could not be buried in Pingcheng after their death; He changed Xianbei's surname to Han's (for example, he changed Tuoba's surname to yuanshi county); Encourage Xianbei nobles to marry Han gentry; Referring to the laws and regulations of the Southern Dynasties, the political system of the Northern Wei Dynasty was revised. In the reform, the conservative aristocrats who tried to resist were severely suppressed and the prince was executed. After the reform, the sinicization and feudalization of the Tuoba Department of Xianbei were strengthened, and the national integration was promoted.
Chen Wudi (53-559) was the founder of the Southern Dynasties. The word Xingguo, born in fine print, was born in Xing Wu Great Wall (now Changxing, Zhejiang). He reigned from 557 to 559. Born in a small history in the village, he suppressed the peasant uprising in Jiaozhou, and the official was supervised and guarded by Xijiang. Later, he rose up in Guangzhou and made peace with Wang Sengbian in Hou Jing. When the Western Wei Dynasty broke Jiangling, he established Xiao Fangzhi, then killed Wang Sengbian, drove away the northern reinforcements and monopolized the state affairs. In the second year of Taiping (557), he became the King of Chen, and soon abandoned Fang Zhi to stand on his own feet and established the Chen Dynasty. Three years later, he fell ill.
Li Shimin Emperor Taizong (599-649) was the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. The second son of Li Yuan. From 627 to 649, he reigned, with the title Zhenguan. In the 13th year of Emperor Yangdi's great cause (617), he joined his father in Taiyuan to fight against Sui and enter Guanzhong. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the king of Qin was appointed as the official secretary. After the unification, the soldiers wiped out the separatist forces such as Xue Rengao, Liu Wuzhou and Wang Shichong, suppressed peasant insurgents such as Dou Jiande and Liu Heita, and became the main commanders in the unified war. In the ninth year of Wude (626), he launched the "Xuanwumen Change", killing Prince Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, who were competing with him for the throne, and forcing his father to give way. The following year, he became emperor and changed to Zhenguan. During his reign, he carried out the system of equal land, the system of rent and mediocrity and the system of government soldiers. Draw lessons from the downfall of the Sui Dynasty, make every effort to control the exploitation of servitude within the legal scope, and patiently listen to and accept opinions and give advice; Develop and improve the imperial examination system, and strive to select talents in the ruling class regardless of family ties, family status and race; Ordered the compilation of "clan records", with the current rank of official titles as the portal; Weaken the influence of the gate system and resist the intrusion of minority rulers on the mainland. In the fourth year of Zhenguan (63), East Turkistan was defeated. Administrative agencies have been set up in Mongolian grasslands. Nine years, defeated the spit bath muddy in the west. In fourteen years, Gaochang was eliminated and the gateway to the western regions was opened. In the fifteenth year, Princess Wencheng married Tubo Zanpusong Zangambu, which made the relationship between the Chinese and Tibetan peoples unprecedented close. In his later years, life became extravagant, construction became more and more extensive, and he launched a war against Korea, and class contradictions developed day by day.
Qian Yuan (887-941) entered the King of Wu in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Reigned from 932 to 941. The word Ming Bao. My ancestral home is Linzi, Zhejiang. When I was a teenager, I lived as a hostage in Xuanzhou, in order to save our time. Later, I joined the war, made great achievements, and made our time as a navy. After the attack, he was more extravagant than his father. In the sixth year of Tianfu (941), a big fire broke out in Hangzhou, and the palace was burned out. He died of fright. He was a good scholar all his life, with thousands of poems, of which 3 were compiled as Jin Lou Ji.
Song Xiaozong (1127-1194), emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, grandson of Song Taizu VII, was named Yong. In the thirty-third year of Shaoxing (116), the prince wrote a letter against peace talks. He was in office from 1162 to 1189. After he ascended the throne, he used Zhang Jun and other anti-Japanese generals to pursue Yue Fei, and in 1163 he launched an anti-Japanese war, which was immediately defeated. Later, Qin Yong, Tang Situi and others were used to sign the "Shaoxing Peace Negotiation" and cede the two states of Qin and Shang. Renamed nephew emperor. Later, Wang Huai was used to finance the war. Put Song and Jin in a state of physical truce. He abdicated in 1189 and became the emperor's father.
Song Gongdi (1271-? ) Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. He reigned from 1274 to 1276. Acceded to the throne at the age of four, and was presided over by Empress Xie. At that time, Yuan soldiers attacked the south on a large scale, which led to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was captured in Shangdu (now Duolun County, Inner Mongolia) and was given the title of Lord Ying.
Yelulongxu Emperor Xuanzong of Liao Dynasty (971-131). Reigned from 982 to 131. I like reading and can write poetry. When he acceded to the throne at the age of twelve, he led the army south to attack the Song Dynasty several times and personally marched to Korea. During his reign, he changed the criminal law and implemented the tax system, which further feudalized Liao. Through war, it expanded its power, which was called the heyday of Liao.
Yan Hong Jin Xuandi (1163-1223) was the emperor of the Jin Dynasty. He reigned from 1213 to 1223. After he acceded to the throne, he made peace with Mongolia. Moved the capital from Beijing to Kaifeng, Henan, to avoid the Mongolian soldiers, which led to the failure of Beijing. Later, Liaodong fell again, and in 1217, it sent troops to attack the Song Dynasty. Died in 1223.
Ming Yingzong, Zhu Qizhen (1427-1464) was the Ming emperor. He reigned twice in 1435-1449 and 1457-1464. Xuanzong's eldest son, born in April, was appointed as the Crown Prince, and at the age of nine, he was in the throne, and he was orthodox in Jianyuan. With the assistance of Minister Sanyang (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Bo), the country is still stable and stable, and the social economy has also developed. However, he was young and playful, prized eunuch Wang Zhen, and took charge of Sili prison. Wang Zhen was cunning by nature, until the death of the Empress Dowager and the death of Sanyang one after another, that is, he was domineering over power, ministers were constantly imprisoned, politics began to decline, and land annexation became increasingly serious, leading to uprisings in Zhejiang, Fujian and other places such as Ye Zongliu and Deng Maoqi. In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), Wala was captured by Wala in the "Civil Revolution" and was honored as the emperor. He lived in the south for eight years. In the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), Emperor Jingdi was seriously ill, and general Shi Heng and eunuch Cao Jixiang staged a coup to restore him, which was called "the restoration of Nangong" or "the change of the temple gate" in history. Yu Qian, the hero, and Wang Wen, the great scholar, were killed, and Wang Zhenli was given a "loyal word", offering a sacrifice and burial, changing Yuan Tianshun, and reusing Shi Heng and Cao Jixiang, the heroes of the restoration. It was not long before Shi Heng became domineering and Cao Jixiang rebelled. The temple name is Yingzong.
Nurhachi (1559-1626) was the leader of Nuzhen in Jianzhou and the founder of the late Jin Dynasty. Ai Xin Jue Luo Shi He reigned from 1583 to 1626. In the previous generation, due to the Han Duoli Department, his family was in decline in his childhood, and he lived in Fushun. After being promoted as the leader in the 11th year of Wanli (1583), he set out to attack Nikan Wailan, the leader of the river protection department in Aksu, Jianzhou, in the name of revenge for his father and ancestors. Fifteen years, build a city in Fiala; In the twenty-first year, the ministries of Jianzhou were unified, and they developed to Nuzhen in Haixi and Nuzhen in Donghai. In the meantime, he was canonized by the Ming Dynasty, and was appointed as the governor of Jianzhou and the general of Longhu. In thirty-one years, he moved to Hetuala (now the new guest of Liaodeng) and ordered Yang Deni and others to borrow Mongolian to create Manchu. In forty-three years, the Eight Banners system was established, and the following year it was called Khan, and the post-Jin regime was established. In the third year of the mandate of heaven (1618), the "seven great hatreds" were sworn in, openly opposing the Ming Dynasty. The battle of Salhu won a great victory and gradually occupied Liaoshen. In six years, he ordered the implementation of "counting the mouth to help the field". Promote the development of Jurchen society from slavery to feudalism. Ten years, its capital is Shenyang. The following year, he besieged Ningyuan and died in Yunjibao, Shenyang, due to shelling injuries. Temple name Qing Taizu.
Dou Rong (16-62 BC) was a minister in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The word Duke Zhou was born in Ping Ling (now northwest of Xianyang, Shaanxi). At the time of Xin Mang, recommended by Wang Yi, he was appointed General Boshui, giving him one thousand Jin of gold. When Wang Mang was defeated, he led the army to Liu Xuan. Later, Zhao Meng, the great Sima, recommended him as the great deer satrap. And turned to Zhang Ye as a vassal state captain. Liu Xuan was defeated, and he joined forces with Jiuquan and Zhang Ye. Dunhuang and other five counties were divided into Hexi, and were promoted to the general of Hexi five counties by Jiuquan satrap Liang Tong. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty by Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu, it was returned to the Han Dynasty, and it was common for him to be promoted from a stirrup to an Feng Hou. Since then, the Dou family has become a famous consort in the Eastern Han Dynasty, intervening in politics for decades.
Cao Cao (155-22) was a famous politician, strategist and writer at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The word Meng De, nickname A Yun. People from Hao County, Anhui Province. When I was young, I was alert and resourceful. Ren Xia was dissolute and failed to cure the industry. At the age of 2, he promoted Xiaolian to be Lang, granted a captain to Luoyang North, moved to Dun Hill, and levied worship on Lang. When the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out, he served as a captain, participated in the suppression of the Yellow Scarf Army, and moved to Jinan. Soon he occupied Yanzhou, lured and surrendered a unit of Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army, and elected its elite as "Qingzhou Army". In the first year of Jian 'an (196), he welcomed Xian Di, moved the capital to Xuchang, set up wasteland, and trained the army and its subordinates. Thirteen years, carry the prime minister. From the second year of Jian 'an to the sixteenth year (1997-211), he defeated the strongmen groups such as Lu Bu, Yuan Shu and Yuan Shao, conquered Wuhuan strongmen and unified the north. After Battle of Red Cliffs's tragic reform, he paid attention to employing talents, restrained the strongmen, and strengthened centralization, which enabled the social economy to resume development. In twenty-one years, he was named Wang Wei, who wrote A Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu and A Summary of the Art of War. There are more than 2 good poems and more than 4 complete essays, all of which are told by later generations. He is a representative figure of Jian 'an literature. After xelloss proclaimed himself emperor, he was revered as Wei Wudi.
Sima Yi (179-251) was the minister of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhong Da, a native of wen county, Henan. Born in a Tu family, he was praised by celebrities as an "extraordinary tool" when he was young. Cao Cao wanted to appoint him as an official, but he said he was ill and refused to be an official. After being threatened by many parties, he went out of the mountain. Be wise, plan, and be resourceful. At the beginning, he was a literary minister, and later served as the son of the prince and hosted the military camp. He was an important minister of Wei. When Ming Di was a general, he fought Zhuge Liang many times. Ming Di acceded to the throne, he was supported by testamentary edict. In 249, he took control of the central imperial army and launched a coup, forcing Qiu Wang Ling to commit suicide. After his death, his sons Sima Shi and Si Mazhao successively ruled. Sima, his grandson, proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Wei and founded the Western Jin Dynasty. He was revered as Emperor Xuandi of Jin Dynasty.
Hou Jing (53-552) was a general of the Northern Dynasties and the Eastern Wei Dynasty. The word Wanjing, Xianbei Jieren. At the beginning, he was a garrison soldier, followed Milong to suppress the Ge Rong uprising, and then attached to Gao Huan. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the position was universal, ranking Zaifu. After Gao Huan's death, he took refuge in the Western Wei Dynasty, attached himself to the beam, and was granted a job in Henan Province. In the second year of Taiqing (548), he was defeated by the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and rushed to Shouchun. When he heard that Emperor Wu had repeated himself, he colluded with Xiao Zhengde, who coveted the throne, rebelled and captured Taicheng. Trapped to death, Liang Wudi made Xiao Gang, and his troops plundered Wu Hui. After the defeat of the western expedition to Jiangling, he returned to Jiankang (now Nanjing), became emperor on his own, and changed his name to Han. He was cruel and cruel by nature, and his military discipline was corrupt, which greatly lost people's hearts. He was called "Hou Jing Rebellion" in history. Soon defeated by Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian, he was trapped and killed by his men on his way to the north of the sea.
Hu lvguang (515-572), minister of the northern qi dynasty, was born in Shuo county, Shanxi province. Ride and shoot less. At the beginning, he was a subordinate of Hou Jing, and later he was promoted to viceroy by Qi. He can shoot flying eagles, and every time he shoots, he will hit the target, so he is called "the commander of shooting eagles". He has been engaged in the war against the Northern Zhou Dynasty for a long time. In 564, he fought with his fellow generals Wei Chijiong and Wang Xiong in Mangshan, and returned home with a victory, in order to move to Qiu. In 57, he defeated Zhou Jiangyu Wenjie again and forced Henan. Xuan defeated Yu Wenxian again, and was appointed as the right prime minister. He was also a secretariat, and moved to the left prime minister to seal the Qinghe County. Because he was jealous of his late master, he was killed for treason and destroyed his family.
Niu Sengru (779-847) was an important minister in the Tang Dynasty. The word is dark, and he is from Lingtai, Gansu. Jinshi of chastity. In the third year of Emperor Xianzong's reign (86), he opposed current politics with Li Zongmin and Huang Futi, and his words were blunt, which angered Li Jifu, but he could not use them for a long time. Tang Muzong, tired officer to assistant minister with flat chapter. When respecting Zong, he served as our ambassador in Wuchang. Wen Zongli, Li Zongmin, who was a country, was repeatedly recommended, and he was also the minister of the Ministry of War with Pingzhang. He was the leader of the Niupai faction in the late Tang Dynasty. During his administration, he rejected Li Deyu and other party members and advocated appeasement of the buffer region. At the beginning of the reign, Li Deyu was the prime minister, and he was demoted to follow the history of the governor. When Xuanzong was proclaimed, he died of illness. There is a legendary collection of works, The Record of Mysteries.
Sang Weihan (899-947) was a post-Jin minister during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The word overseas Chinese. Luoyang, Henan. At the beginning, he took Jinshi Ji as the secretary of Henan Festival. Advise Shi Jingtang to seek help from Qidan to rebel against the later Tang Dynasty. After the establishment of the late Jin Dynasty, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and a privy council member. He moved to Zhongshu as an assistant minister, worked with Zhongshu to make peace, and was appointed as our envoy in Xiangzhou and other places. He advocated not giving in to Qidan for politics and sealed Wei Guogong when he was emperor. In December of the third year (946), Dewey and others led the Qidan army south to destroy Jin, and he was killed by Zhang Yanze, the Ministry of Wei.
Fan Zhi (911-964) was a minister in the late Zhou Dynasty and the early Northern Song Dynasty. The word Wensu was born in Zongcheng (now Qinghe County, Hebei Province). Changxing Jinshi in the late Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, after the Jin Dynasty, he was born in Han Dynasty, and he was the official to the official in the book, and the assistant minister of the household department. After Zhou Guangshun, he served as a left servant and assistant minister, flat chapter and so on. Later, he served as prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. During his tenure, he abolished the ceremony of sitting on the throne when he saw the son of heaven, and the proceedings were presented by Zazi.
Lv Duan (935-1) was a minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. In 1995, following Lv Mengzheng as the prime minister, Zong called him "careless in minor matters, but not in major events". Soon, the abdication was located in Kou Zhun, and he took part in politics. He contributed to easing the relationship between Xixia and Song Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Taizong, eunuch Wang Jien and others conspired to abolish the Prince, but he found out that he and his ministers had established Zhenzong as emperor and demoted Wang Jien. After the servant shot, it was the Prince Taibao.
Yue Fei (113-1142) was a famous anti-gold fighter in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word Peng Ju is from Tangyin, Henan. Born in a peasant family, he joined the army in 1122. Because of his bravery, he was promoted to Bingyilang and fought under Zong Ze. Zhao Gou acceded to the throne, he wrote to accuse Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan, etc., opposed to fleeing south and was dismissed.