The content of an appreciation of ancient poetry
Poetry appreciation is mainly about grasping the image, language, expression skills, thoughts and feelings of poetry.
Second, the question-and-answer mode of classical poetry appreciation questions
The first mode analyzes artistic conception.
Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Steps for answering questions: ① Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but why it is "sentimental".
Example of answer:
Two quatrains (I) Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
[Note] This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily stayed in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".
What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
A: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts, the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is bright, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (the first step). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after his wandering life (the third step).
Du fu of Jianghan
I am wandering in Jianghan belt, and I miss my homeland and can't return. In the vast world, I am just a pedantic old Confucian. The sky is far away, and the moon is lonely all night.
Sunset disturbs the heart, and autumn wind disease. Since ancient times, the old horse has not spent its physical strength because of its wisdom. Therefore, although I am old and sicker, I can still do it.
As far away as a cloud floating in the sky; Facing the long night of the bright moon alone. Transfer is a working couple. "Heaven is far away", and Jiang Hanke; "Lonely Moon", bearing pedant. On the surface, the poet wrote about a lonely moon, but in fact he wrote about himself. He blended his feelings with the scenery outside and lamented that he was adrift. However, under the bright and lonely moon, we realized the poet's confidence, and his heart was still bright. All night. Although I am old, just like the sun will set in the western hills, my ambition to show my ambition still exists; In the face of the rustling autumn wind, instead of feeling sorry for autumn, I feel that my illness is getting better. Neck couplets are borrowed, and "sunset" is a metaphor for twilight, not realism. The phrase "autumn wind" is realistic. The artistic conception of the poem is broad and profound, which vividly expresses the poet's spirit of actively using the world, being brave in adversity and "sparse" and reviving.
Three, four, two sentences borrow scenery to express feelings and hold things to express feelings. The poet writes about the clouds floating in the distant horizon, and compares himself as a drifter and wanderer; Write that the moon hangs alone all night, suggesting that you are lonely and helpless. Jathyapple is far away from the poet, so you can imagine the hardships and difficulties in the journey, and you can also see the urgency and depth of the poet's homesickness. In particular, it can't be ignored that although the bright moon is far and lonely, its Yin Hui is radiant and everything shines brightly, which clearly symbolizes the poet's loyalty to the king and his worries about people's livelihood. In other words, the poet's loyalty is as bright as the lonely moon in the sky.
This is a poem written by Du Fu when he stayed in Jianghan in his later years. In the poem, couplets use several images, such as "a cloud", "a lonely moon", "sunset" and "autumn wind". Please analyze the artistic conception of their scenes blending. (2004 Guangdong college entrance examination Chinese examination questions)
Answer: (The title requires careful analysis of several images, and the first step of "reproducing the picture" can be omitted) "A Cloud" and "Lonely Moon" are bleak (the second step), revealing the author's loneliness and boredom (the third step); "Sunset" and "Autumn Wind" are magnificent and open (step 2), which also reflects the author's optimism and open-mindedness (step 3).
The second pattern analysis skill type
Q: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
Title change: please analyze the expression (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
Solution analysis: Expression technique is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques.
There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric.
Description skills mainly include:
1. The blending of scenes is indirect and implicit, and the description of scenes contains the poet's emotional love and hate.
2. Deliberately describe the contrast and contrast from the side, as a foil, to make what you need stand out.
3. Associative imagination is like a kind of imaginative imagination, which combines whimsy with the truth of nature.
4. The use of allusions makes the language of poetry concise and rich in content, which increases the vividness and implicitness of expression and enhances the expressiveness and appeal of works.
5. Symbolic images are vivid and concrete, turning reality into emptiness.
6. Use overlapping words to enhance the sense of rhythm and play an emphasis role.
7. Express your will and feelings, and express your feelings with obscure expressions.
8. The details are true and accurate.
9. Sketch is true and profound without rendering.
Rhetoric mainly includes:
1. Metaphor turns plain into magic, abstruse into simple, abstract into concrete, which makes the images depicted in poetry more vivid.
2. Metonymy is simple and complex, and reality is virtual.
3. Contrast bright colors, portray images and express rich meanings.
4. Exaggerate the essence and inspire people; Set off the atmosphere and enhance the appeal; Strengthen contact and create an atmosphere
5. Duality is beautiful in music, concise in expression and lyrical.
Key questions
7. Ask questions to attract attention and inspire thinking
8. A pun is just a hint.
Pay special attention to the following six common description skills of college entrance examination.
(1) offset (offset, divided into positive contrast and negative contrast. Negative contrast also has dynamic and static contrast, and the music scene sets off sadness)
(2) Various rhetorical devices (metaphor is more vivid, metaphor is to make things personalized, exaggeration is to emphasize and highlight, and antithesis is to enhance the musical beauty of poetry, which is concise and lyrical).
(3) the combination of static and dynamic (poets pay great attention to the contrast between dynamic and static when describing scenery, which can be combined with static and dynamic, and can also be written with static and dynamic, dynamic and static)
(4) the combination of reality and reality (sometimes the opposites form a strong contrast, thus highlighting the center; Sometimes the two complement each other to form a rendering contrast, thus highlighting the center)
(5) color rendering (color rendering can convey happy feelings, but also set off sentimental feelings)
(6) the change of observation angle (looking down, looking up, farsightedness, close-up, from far and near or from bottom to top)
Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
Example of answer:
Wang Anshi's Two Poems on the Wall by Mr. Shu Hu Yin (Choose One)
Grass eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water to protect the field will surround the green, and two mountains will be green.
Note: ① Row of roads: break into houses. Lou, open the door.
What rhetorical device is used in the sentence "Two mountains arrange to send green flowers"? What are the advantages of writing like this? Combined with the whole poem, what kind of emotion does the author express?
A: This sentence is anthropomorphic. (Step 1) Write "Mountain" at the beginning. "Two Mountains" seem to be eager to "send" the green mountains into the door. (Point out the concrete content of personification) Turn static into dynamic, turn heartlessness into sentience, endow mountains and rivers with spirituality, and vividly write the vitality of pastoral scenery. (Step 2) Write the poet's joy in it, and show the poet's love for this beautiful rural life. (Step 3)
I went to Chen long ago.
Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects singing in the depths of rice fields.
What does this poem mainly express? What's the effect?
A: Mainly use the method of comparison (the first step). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering (the third step).
The third pattern analysis language type
Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.
Solution analysis: this question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but tastes the language style of the whole poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous and generous, easy to understand, talkative, euphemistic and implicit, uninhibited, graceful and restrained in style, concise and vivid, etc. The language of words is as follows:
Poetry Eye-Flexible Use of Parts of Speech-Rhetoric Effect-Vivid and Vivid
Good sentences-omitted sentences-inverted sentences-rhythm and rhythm-balance.
Answer steps: (1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features. (2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem. (3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
Example of answer:
Heartbroken in spring
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree.
They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
A: The language features of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step) and "yellow", which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to the camp in western Liaoning to meet him there." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This naturally shows the woman's longing for her husband (step 3).
The fourth mode of font refining
Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?
Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?
Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences. (2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
Example of answer:
Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi
In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak.
Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can really reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why? .
A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). Just the word "look" shows the sadness of parting as much as possible (step 3).
Bodhisattva white
The flat forest is misty, and the cold mountain area is compassionate. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? The long pavilion is shorter.
Classical poetry pays special attention to refining words. Please briefly analyze the role of the word "empty" in expression. (2004 Zhejiang college entrance examination Chinese examination questions)
A: The word "empty" expresses loneliness and melancholy (the first step) that has been waiting for no results. The poet Yu Jie stood there looking up at the birds, with no hope of returning (step 2). The word "empty" adds the "sad" flavor of the whole word and makes the theme more vivid (step 3).
Butterfly lover Su Shi
Flowers wither and red apricots are small. Swallows fly, green water people go around. There are few willows blowing on the branches, but there are many herbs in the sea.
Swing inside and outside the wall. The layman in the wall, the beauty in the wall laughs. Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.
Some versions of the word "around" in "People Around Green Water" are written as "Xiao". Which word do you think is more appropriate? Why? Please enjoy it briefly. (Liaoning college entrance examination Chinese examination questions in 2004)
A: ① The word "around" is good (the first step), because it actually depicts the scene of green water surrounding people (the second step), vivid and dynamic (the third step).
② The word "small" is good (the first step), because it not only points out the time, but also renders the fresh breath of the morning (the second step), which allows readers to have a freer and broader imagination space (the third step).
Only the words "left and right" or "small" are good, no specific analysis is made, and no points are given. It is meaningful to compare "left and right" and "small" only from the perspective of pronunciation, and give 2 points.
The fifth mode is full of poetry.
Q: One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
Solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.
Answer steps: The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry.
Example of answer:
One spring night, Li Bai heard the flute in Los Angeles.
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why? (2002 college entrance examination questions)
A: "Folding willow" means "parting", and the theme of poetry is homesickness (the first step). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of the song "Broken Willow" (the second step). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.