guān yǔ
看雨
shān kè lóng zhōng bú jiě gēng, kāi xuān wēi zuò kàn yīn qíng.
The mountain guest Long Zhong doesn’t know how to farm, and he sits in the open pavilion to watch the clouds and fine weather.
qián jiāng hòu lǐng tōng yún qì, wàn hè qiān lín sòng yǔ shēng.
The river in front and the ridge behind are filled with clouds, and thousands of valleys and forests send the sound of rain.
Extended information
1. Guanyu Chen Yuyi’s ancient poem with pinyin version
guān yǔ
Guanyu
sòng dài: chén yǔ yì
Song Dynasty: Chen Yuyi
shān kè lóng zhōng bú jiě gēng, kāi xuān wēi zuò kàn yīn qíng.
The mountain guest has no idea how to farm, and he sits in the open pavilion to watch the clouds and fine weather.
qián jiāng hòu lǐng tōng yún qì, wàn hè qiān lín sòng yǔ shēng.
The river in front and the ridge behind are filled with clouds, and thousands of valleys and forests send the sound of rain.
hǎi yā zhú zhī dī fù jǔ, fēng chuī shān jiǎo huìhuán míng.
The sea presses the bamboo branches low and lifts them low, and the wind blows on the mountain corners.
bú xián wū lòu wú gān chù, zhèng yào qún lóng xǐ jiǎ bīng.
I don’t mind that the house is leaky and there is nothing to do, I am just about to collect the armor-washing soldiers.
(Special phonetic notation: 干 (gān): a variant of the word "干", dry.)
2. Guanyu Chen Yuyi Translation
Translation
The old hermit was not familiar with farming. He sat in the house with the window wide open, watching the changes in cloudiness and sunshine outside the window.
The river in front of the house and the mountains behind the house are unimpeded by the clouds. The rolling mountains and layers of green forests bring the sound of rumbling rain.
The wind blowing from the waters made the bamboo branches bend and rise again, and the ridges where the dark clouds rolled were blown away.
I don’t mind if my house is dilapidated and leaky. It’s just a good time to use the wind and rain to wash away the armor, swords and guns of the army.
Comments
Mountain guest: hermit. Jin Gehong's "Baopuzi Zhengguo": "If you can't follow the mountain travelers and go alone, you should cover up the scenery and keep your skin covered."
Long Zhong: Physical aging , people with limited mobility.
Unfamiliar with farming: This refers to being unfamiliar with farming.
Kaixuan: open the window.
Sitting in danger: The ancients put their knees on the ground and raised their upper body to "sitting in danger", that is, they straightened their body and knelt down to show seriousness and respect. Later, it generally refers to sitting upright.
Yunqi: clouds, fog.
Wanhe (hè) Qianlin: describes numerous valleys and woods. gully, valley, deep ditch.
Sea: This refers to heavy rain.
Mountain corner: The corner of the mountain protrudes outward.
Hui (huì): dim and unclear.
gan (gān): a variant of the word "gan", meaning dry.
Jiabing: Armor and weapons.
3. Appreciation of Guanyu Chen and Yi
Appreciation
The first couplet of the poem points out the poet’s identity, mood, demeanor and behavior at this time; the couplet describes the scene, the scene is magnificent, The momentum is powerful; the neck couplet is not only the actual scene before the eyes, but also the poet's expectation for the situation; the tail couplet uses allusions to describe the feelings of watching the rain and expresses the desire to win against Jin. Although the poem is about a rainy scene, it contains the poet's great concern for the current situation.
"The mountain guest, Long Zhong, does not know how to plow the land, and sits in the open pavilion to watch the clouds and fine weather." This illuminates the poet's identity, state of mind, and demeanor and behavior at this time. "Mountain guest" is the poet's self-titled name, "guest" points out the situation, "dragon bell" describes the poet's mental state; "not understanding farming" shows that the poet does not understand farming. Here, rather than saying that the author is introducing himself, it is better to say that he is describing that unfortunate era. Living in a foreign land is due to the destruction of the country and the family; mental fatigue is due to the displacement; not doing farming is due to the inability to produce peacefully in this era of war and turmoil. The first couplet expresses the poet's distinct attitude towards this particular era. It is the cause, the "guest"; the couplet is the effect, the "lord". "Sitting in danger" expresses the poet's solemn demeanor and heavy mood. . "Yin Qing" is a pun, which is not only the change of weather, but also the dynamics of the anti-gold situation at that time. This is naturally connected with the previous "not understanding farming", and "watching the rain" and "current situation" are harmonious and seamless.
“The river in front and the ridge behind are filled with clouds, and thousands of valleys and forests send the sound of rain.
"The scenery is magnificent and powerful. Rivers, valleys, forest ridges, winds and clouds, and the sound of rain. The poet not only wrote the inherent characteristics of summer clouds and rain, but also expressed his vast and deep thoughts at the moment: the turbulent winds, heavy rains in the vast area Pengtuo is a portrayal of the entire country's overthrow of Baoqian. It is not only about the rain scene, but also about the current situation. The supreme ruler did not make strong resistance, resulting in the overwhelming power of the Jin army. The "cloud" and "rain" here have two subtle meanings.
Although the clouds and rain violently obscured everything, everything in the rain did not completely succumb, and the situation was not dark. There was also indomitable resistance in the dark clouds, and there was also a glimmer of life in the shaky crisis. This mainly refers to the active anti-gold action of Changsha Commander-in-Chief Xiang Ziyi). The neck couplet is not only the actual scene in front of him, but also the poet's hope for the situation. Bright. The poet's meticulous observation of the changes in rain here shows his high concern for reality.
The last couplet uses an allusion from Du Fu's poem "There is no place for leaks in the bedside room." , the couplet is also an adaptation of Lao Du's poem "Don't use all the armor-washing soldiers". Here, the author thought of another allusion from Yu: When King Wu was conquering Yin, it rained heavily, and Jiang Taigong was killed. Said: "This is God washing our armor and helping me defeat Zhou!" "If we, the Song Dynasty, raise an army to defeat the Jin Dynasty, we can also use this heavy rain to wash our weapons. If so, it doesn't matter if my personal house leaks!" Of course, the "rain" here refers to good things that help fight against the Jin Dynasty. For example, active resistance policies, effective combat measures, concerted efforts from top to bottom, an inspiring public opinion atmosphere, etc. are different from the obscure oppressive forces, precarious dangers, etc. mentioned above (this Also a "pun" in a broad sense). This is determined by the ambiguity of the image, and also by the poet's original intention to care about the current situation and hope that the political situation will improve.
Of course, the whole poem also uses personification, antithesis and other rhetorical figures, which makes the charm powerful; but the key is the application of pun, which combines the natural phenomena in front of the eyes, the poet's perception of the natural phenomena and the reality. Anxious and profound thoughts are integrated seamlessly and organically, broadening the artistic conception of the poem and deepening the connotation of the poem. It is full of spirit and spirit, and has great aesthetic significance. It is a masterpiece among Chen Yuyi's existing poems.
Creative background
"Watching the Rain" was painted in the summer of 1130. In October of the third year of Jianyan (1129 AD) of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers defeated Lin'an (now Hangzhou) and Yuezhou on the southeastern front, and then pursued the emperor of the Song Dynasty from the sea. Emperor Gaozong fled from Mingzhou to Wenzhou. On the front line between the two lakes (Hunan and Hubei), the Jin soldiers invaded Changsha, Hunan in the spring of 1130. In February of that year, Changsha's commander-in-chief Xiang Ziyi actively organized the soldiers and civilians to resist tenaciously, and the situation improved slightly. After the poet fell in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), he lived in Shaoyang, Hunan. At this time, he was living on Zhenmu Mountain. A summer rain falls lightly, and the poet's thoughts are flying along with the rain. Although the poem is about a rainy scene, it contains the poet's great concern for the current situation. He is not describing the scene for the sake of describing the scene.
Chen Yuyi
Chen Yuyi (1090-1138), courtesy name Qufei, name Jianzhai, Han nationality, his ancestors lived in Jingzhao, and his great-grandfather Chen Xiliang moved to Luoyang, so he was a native of Luoyang, Henan Province in the Song Dynasty (Now it belongs to Henan). He was born in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090), the reign of Zhezong of the Song Dynasty, and died in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), the eighth year of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty. An outstanding poet at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty was also good at writing lyrics. Although there are only a dozen of his poems extant today, they have a unique style, especially close to that of Su Dongpo. His language is extraordinary, his writing is powerful, sparse, bright, and natural. He is the author of "Jian Zhai Ji".