Confucius brothers ranked second, so some people called them "Kong Laoer". Lu people in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Born in Changping Township (now Luyuan Village, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) on September 28th, 55 BC1year (August 27th in the summer calendar); He died on April 1 1 day (February 11th of the lunar calendar) in 479 BC at the age of 72 and was buried in Surabaya, north of Qufu, Kong Lin.
Confucius' ancestor was a nobleman in the Song Dynasty, and it declined several generations before Confucius. Confucius worked as a few junior officials when he was young, but he spent most of his life on education. According to legend, there are as many as 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. They have taught many knowledgeable and talented students, and "peaches and plums are all over the world" comes from here. Confucius was appointed as the head of state of Lu; Later, he took his disciples around the world; Finally, I returned to Shandong and concentrated on teaching. In China's 5,000-year history, Confucius has the greatest influence on the Chinese nation's character and temperament. When he was alive, he was known as "the sage of the heavens", "the muduo of the heavens" and "the sage of the ages". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later generations as the most holy (saint among saints) and the teacher of all ages. Qiu's name comes from his parents praying for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain. He wrote poems, books, rituals and music, and wrote Spring and Autumn Annals after Zhouyi.
Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations. Jiang Guanghui thought, "In the face of the fact that feudal lords fought endlessly and people were miserable in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius did not create an external, transcendental and all-knowing savior like religious scholars-regulating people's thoughts and behaviors through the apocalypse and Oracle. But looking back at history and looking for wisdom from the ancient "holy king". Confucius claimed to be "narrating without doing", in fact, taking "narrating" as "doing", and realized the superposition and transformation of values through the contemporary interpretation of historical traditions. He is upright, optimistic and enterprising, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty all his life and pursuing an ideal society all his life. His success and failure are related to his personality. His character has influenced China people for thousands of years, especially the intellectuals in China.
political career
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Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about various issues of governing the country and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but the doctor Yan Ying stopped him. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old. Confucius was in charge of Zhongdu for one year, and his achievements were outstanding. He was promoted to a small ordinary, and soon he was promoted to a big sheep herder, taking photos to take care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken the Third Ring Road (the third-generation leader and uncle Heshi were called the Third Ring Road because they were three grandchildren), the state power of Lu at that time was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees), and Confucius took measures to reduce the Third Ring Road (that is, demolishing the castle built by the Third Ring Road). Later, the action of capturing the three capitals was abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and the Third Ring Road was also exposed. 13 years, Lu Dinggong, Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu, and Ji Huan's family accepted female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon, when Lu offered meat to the doctors after the sacrifice in the suburbs, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him any more. Confucius had to leave Shandong to find a way out and began to travel around the world.
Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, he was given a salary of 60 thousand, but he was not given an official position and was not allowed to participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return.
In the second year (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left Wei, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and went to Chen, where he lived for three years. When Wu attacked Chen, the war broke out and Confucius left with his disciples. When the Chu people heard that Confucius had arrived at the junction of Chen and Cai, they sent someone to meet him. The doctors of Chen and Cai knew that there was something wrong with what Confucius did, and they were afraid that Confucius would be reused in Chu, which was not good for them. So they sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front or the shops behind. After eating all the food they brought, they were deprived of food for seven days. Finally, Zigong found the Chu people, and Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, so that Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Lu Aigong 16, Confucius was 73 years old and died of illness.
Confucius' character
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Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.
When Confucius was 63 years old, he once described himself like this: "You forget to eat when you are angry, but forget your worries when you are happy. I don't know that my old age is coming. " At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it. Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "A saint cannot learn, but never tires of teaching." Confucius learned that there was no teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. So he said, "A threesome must have a teacher." Confucius, who was upright in nature and advocated going straight, once said, "Who will ruin my reputation for others?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself. Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful and sincere. " Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you, don't be evil if you are a gentleman, and do your best until you die.
Confucianism
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The essence of Confucius' thoughts and theories can be found in The Analects of Confucius, with 20 articles and more than 11,000 words. The Analects of Confucius is a quotation of Confucius, some of which are records of Confucius' disciples' words and deeds, and they are memorials of Confucius' disciples and their descendants. This book has a profound influence on the history of China. Its ideological content, mode of thinking and value orientation have long been integrated into the blood of our nation, precipitated in our lives and cast our national character. The Analects of Confucius embodies the core connotation of Confucianism-benevolence. "Benevolence" is the center of all theories, and all norms about "benevolence" and "happiness" are only the ultimate means to serve the morality of "benevolence". As a representative of China culture, The Analects of Confucius was introduced to Korea and Japan as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, and was also designated as a compulsory course for Japanese students in Japan. Matteo Ricci translated it into Latin in 1594, and then it was translated into Italian, French, German, English, Russian and other languages, which were widely circulated in western countries.
Confucius takes "benevolence" as the core of his thought, which means "love". Put forward the arguments of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", advocate the principle of "loyalty and forgiveness", and think that the implementation of "benevolent policy" should be based on "courtesy": "self-denial, courtesy is benevolence" They are skeptical about the religious superstition of ghosts and gods since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, and think that "I don't know my life, I can't be a ghost" Advocate the atmosphere of teaching in private schools, advocate teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, "teach without distinction", "never tire of learning, never tire of teaching", and emphasize that "a gentleman learns to love others, while a villain learns to learn easily". Politically, he put forward the idea of "correcting the name", thinking that "Jun Jun, minister, father and son" should be worthy of the name, and put forward the view of "not suffering from poverty, suffering from inequality". Since the Western Han Dynasty, Confucius' theory has become the cultural orthodoxy of feudal society for more than two thousand years, with far-reaching influence.
When it comes to governing the country, Confucius attaches importance to the sufferings of people's livelihood, calls for benevolent governance, and hopes that rulers will treat people with benevolence and righteousness. He said that "tyranny is fiercer than tigers", and he also stressed that no matter what laws and regulations, rulers must first set an example. "They are upright and have no orders to do things; Its body is not right, although it cannot be done. " In interpersonal communication, Confucius emphasized loyalty and forgiveness.
"Loyalty" means being loyal to others and working hard; "Forgiveness" means putting yourself in others' shoes, "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", and "the beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of an adult". In dealing with people and things, Confucius advocated self-love and love. Confucius was cautious about fate, and he believed in man's own strength. He believes that "sex is similar, learning from each other is far away", and everything depends on personal efforts. Of course, there are also some thoughts in The Analects that deviate from the historical trend, such as his political retro tendency, over-emphasis on hierarchical order, introverted personality value orientation, etc., which have undeniably brought negative effects on the development of China society and need us to correct them with modern consciousness. However, we can't hide our shortcomings. In the pre-Qin era when human civilization was just dawning, our ancestors had such profound wisdom in life that our descendants could be proud of it.
The new development of Confucius' thought in modern times refers to the neo-Confucianism that came into being under the condition of the collision and blending of Chinese and western civilizations after the modern western civilization was imported into China. The emerging "popular Confucianism" is another achievement of the development of contemporary neo-Confucianism.
2. Du Fu (AD 7 12-770), Han nationality, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongxian County, Henan Province). His ancestor was Du Yu, a famous poet in Jin Dynasty. His ancestor was Du Yu and his father was Du Yu. China, the greatest realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, was called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Saint" together with Li Bai. He wrote 1400 poems in his life. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
He studied and traveled before he was thirty-five. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an and had no way to join the army. After ten years of hardships, he won a small position in which you Wei led Cao to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, the official got a left pickup truck. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west. Finally he went to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu. He once played Yuan Wailang in Jiannan Our Time Yanwu, so he was also named Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness.
Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". He cares about the country and the people, has a noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and is known as the "poet saint".
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu.
Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of life sufferings, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.
Du fu's life
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Du Fu's experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods:
First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)
The so-called "dissolute Zhao Qi, Qiu Ma is quite sober and crazy".
In Kaiyuan 19 (at the age of 20), he began to roam wuyue and returned to Luoyang five years later. Roaming Zhao Qi again. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.
Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "grabbing the rich door in the morning, catching the fat horse dust at dusk, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding sadness everywhere". Finally, I got a small official who led Cao Youwei to join the army (mainly guarding the soldiers' weapons and the keys to the treasury). During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
Third, the period of being trapped as a thief (45 to 48 years old)
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of his advice, Shangshu was demoted to prime minister of joining the army. (Fang Shu is a typical intellectual, but unrealistic. He fought against the rebels and adopted the Spring and Autumn Array, which resulted in a crushing defeat. Du Fu began to clean up Zuo's bones. He said Fang was innocent. He was angry and wanted to find fault. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Three officials: Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official; "Three Farewells" means "Wedding Farewells", "Homelessness" and "Farewell the Old and Welcome the New".
Four, southwest drift period (48 to 58 years old)
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. After Yanwu filmed "Our Times" as a blog in Chengdu, Du Fu voted and Yanwu died. He drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to Hubei and Hunan, and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing.
Historical biography
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Biography of Du Fu in the New Tang Dynasty
Author: Ouyang Xiu Song Qi excerpted from "Calligraphy Art Biography of New Tang Dynasty"
However, the words are beautiful and poor. I am a guest between wuyue and Zhao Qi. Li Yong's wonderful material, go and have a look first. I was admitted to the Jinshi, but I missed the first place and was trapped in Chang 'an.
In the thirteenth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong presented the Taiqing Palace, temples and suburbs, and just wrote three poems. The emperor was surprised, so he made Jixian Academy as an envoy, ordered the Prime Minister to try writing, refused to worship, and changed his right back to lead Cao Cao to join the army. On the number of tributes, he claimed to be Tao because of his high position, saying, "I forgive my predecessors, and I have been a Confucian official for the eleventh time since then. I have tried my best to judge my words and show the Han Sect with my words." Minister Lai Xuye was resigned at the age of seven and was naked for forty years. He often delivers meals to people, fearing that he will turn to death and will be pitied by the emperor. If we stick to the story of the first minister for a long time, the story of the minister is not enough to advocate the Six Classics, but when Shen Yu is frustrated, he can always give it to Yang Xiong and Gao Mei. If there is such a minister, will your majesty bear it? "
Lushan Mountain rebellion, the son of heaven into Shu, just to avoid Sanchuan. Sue, since she left Zhangzhou, wanted to run away and was earned by thieves. In the second year of Zhide, Fengxiang died and went to worship, worship power and pick up bones. He made friends with him, but when he lost it, he took Dong as a guest and dismissed him as prime minister. He just said, "There is no punishment for sin, and it is not appropriate to exempt ministers." The emperor was angry and asked the third division. Prime Minister Zhang Gao said, "If you just make amends, you will make a slip of the tongue." The emperor is the solution. Just after thanking him, he said, "I am the prime minister, and I seldom pretend to be an alcoholic and a Confucian. I have the figure of a minister. When it comes to Yan Xu, I can be as good as a public assistant. Your majesty is responsible for this. Looking at it deeply, it means color, but naturally it is lost in simplicity. Cool drum lover, Tinlanto family, poor and sick, right and wrong, caring for human feelings, one to defile. I lamented that his fame was not achieved and his ambition was frustrated. Your majesty has abandoned details and records, so it is against the sacred heart to risk his life to describe them. Your Majesty pardons all the capital crimes of my ministers and gives them bones. The world is lucky, and I am not alone. " However, the emperor is not very economical.
At that time, he was captured by Kou, the family lived at home, and his children were weak and starved to death, because Chui Fu went to the province to see. From returning to the capital, he joined the army for Huazhou Sigong. Guan Fu was hungry, so he gave up his official position and went to Qin Zhou, where he was self-sufficient by picking oak chestnuts, and his salary was negative. Living in Chengdu, West Guo Jiannan, building a house. Call up Zhao Jing Gongcao to join the army. Yanwu will sacrifice his sword to the south east and give up to the west, so as to rely on Yan. Wu Zaishuai Jiannan, Table Staff Officer, Proofreading Department Yuan Wailang. Taking the past as the past is good for you and close to your family. When I first saw it, I sometimes didn't wear a towel, but I was arrogant and arrogant. I got drunk and got on the martial arts bed. I glared and said, "Yan Ting has this son!" " Kung fu is also very powerful. If you don't mind being outside, you will win the championship. One day, I want to kill Zizhou secretariat Fu and Zhang Yi, and gather officials at the door. The military commander comes out, the crown is hooked and the curtain is three, and the mother is left and right. It is easy to save it and kill it alone. Wu is dead, and when it is chaotic, it is between catalpa and osmium.
During the Lunar New Year, I went out to Qutang, went down to Jiangling, went back to Yuan and climbed Hengshan Mountain in Hunan, because I was in Leiyang. The Yueyue Temple, where the flood reached its peak, was not allowed to eat for ten days. The county magistrate greeted it by boat, but it was returned. Let the taste feed the cow with white wine and die drunk, 59 years old.
Just open your heart, don't behave yourself, talk about the world's major events, and be high without cutting. Less famous with Li Bai, the time number is "Du Li". From Bletilla striata to Bianzhou, the wine is intoxicating and unpredictable. I have tasted chaos, and I am quite innocent. I am a song and a poem, and I am weak when I am hurt. I don't forget you. People pity his loyalty.
Praise: Tang Xing, a poet, inherited Chen, was romantic and honored. To Song Dynasty, Shen Quanqi, etc. The sound of research is not bad, and it is not bad. It is competing with several "Law Poems" to attack. When I grabbed Kaiyuan, I cut it a little, which made it look elegant and straight. However, what depends on China is rebellion, what is beautiful is strong rebellion, and what has everything is notoriously strong. Zhifu, muddy culvert, all kinds, ancient and modern, it is the lack of people, only tired, residual paste fragrant, stained with beggars and many future generations. So Yuan Zhen said, "Since the poet, no one has been as beautiful as a child." Fu is good at telling current events, and his methods are profound, so many words are declining, and he is known as "the history of poetry". Changli Han Yu was cautious about the permission of the article, and even recited poems. He said alone, "Li He is here, and the flame is endless." Honest and trustworthy.
Biography of Du Fu in the Old Tang Dynasty
Du Fu, a native of Xiangyang, moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. Great-grandfather followed the art and finally made his position. Zu said that Yuan Wailang, as a member of the final catering department, has his own biography. When my father is free, he will eventually serve heaven.
At the beginning of Tianbao (note: it should be the last year of Kaiyuan), you should be a scholar. At the end of Tianbao, three gifts were presented. Xuanzong was at fault, called for the examination of the text, and awarded Cao, a soldier of Jingzhao government, to join the army (note: especially the government should be led to join the army). In fifteen years, Lushan was the capital, and Su Zong recruited Lingwu. I just fled Beijing at night and went to Hexi (note: I have never been to Hexi). I was demoted to Pengyuan (note: Fengxiang) to worship the right to pick up the bones (note: left to pick up the bones). If only the house [crown] were cloth. [Crown] When he was prime minister, he asked the handsome teacher to beg for a thief, and the emperor agreed. In October of that year, [Wang Guan] was defeated by Chen Tao Oblique. Next spring, [Crown] will go on strike. Just on the hydrophobic words [Wang Guan] talented, unfavorable dismissal. In a rage, Su Zong demoted [Wang Guan] to the secretariat, and just joined the army as Hua Sigong. At the time of the enfeoffment, the grain in the valley was expensive, and I happened to live in Tonggu County, Chengzhou (note: Qin Zhou was missed above Chengzhou). At my own expense, several people were hungry. For a long time, I was asked to make up for the Gongcao of Jingzhao House (note: it was the first year that Zong Guangde lived in Langzhong).
Last winter, Zheng Guogong, assistant minister of Huangmen in Yanwu Town, Chengdu (note: Wu Fan Town, Chengdu), moved to Dongchuan and withdrew from Xichuan with the secretariat of Mianzhou in the second year of last year. As for the assistant minister of Huangmen, it was Zong Guangde in the second decade), who was beaten as the staff officer and foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry and was given a fish bag (note: this was after Yan Zaizhen, not Shangyuan). Both Wu and Fu are old and have long treatment. He is impulsive, reckless and indulgent. He drunk and tasted the bed of martial arts, stared at martial arts and said, "Yan Ting has this son!" " Although the martial arts are violent, they are not embarrassed. In Chengdu, I spent flowers, planted bamboo and trees, built houses by the river, drank and sang, and hung out freely with the fields. Yanwu experienced it. Sometimes not crowned. Its proud birthday is like this. In the summer of the first year of Yongtai, he died helpless (before Yanwu died, he went to East Sichuan with public poems as evidence).
And Guo Ying □ (the left part of "Qie") is a martial man in Chengdu, the town of Daiwu. He is rude, incompetent, resists traveling to Shu Dong, and relies on Gao Shi. When you come, it's appropriate to die. 18 years old, Cui Ning killed Britain, and Yang Zilin made great efforts to go to Xichuan, where there was chaos in the middle of Shu. She just took her home and took a boat down the gorge to escape the Jingchu rebellion (note: she lived in Shu for two years and her history was leaked). Without the boat, there was chaos in Jiangling (note: there were no police in Jiangling at that time), but I walked back along the Hunan River, arrived at Hengshan and lived in Leiyang (note: I went to Chenzhou by boat, but I never lived in Leiyang's ear). I can't eat for ten days, because I just tasted the Yue Temple and was blocked by the raging water. Leiyang ordered people to know, so he returned from the ship. In the second year of Yongtai (note: it is regarded as the second year of Dali), he spit beef and white wine and died in Leiyang overnight (note: this statement comes from a novelist in the Tang Dynasty, which is not credible and should be corrected by public poetry), at the age of nine out of fifty. Zi Zongwu died in Hunan. In Yuanhe Middle School, Zongwu's business was moved from Leiyang to Fuxi's coffin (note: Yuanshi County wrote a tomb system, without Leiyang articles) and was buried in front of shouyangshan in the northwest of Yanshi.
At the end of Tianbao, the poet was as famous as Li Bai, while Bai Wenfeng was conceited and laughed at him for being dirty. (Note: The Tang Dynasty's "Poetry Art" says: Du Fu said in Taibai Opera: "A mountain of rice meets Du Fu, and Li Tou goes out in the afternoon. Don't be too thin to ask questions. You used to lose money writing poems. " Guy laughed at his restraint. This poem is too white to contain. In Yuanhe, the poet Yuan Zhen evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of Li He. Since then, those who belong to literature have regarded Zhen's theory as correct.