The prosperity of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty has both its epochal factors, such as the social, political, economic and military prosperity in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and its diachronic "historical" factors, that is, from the perspective of the evolution of literary development, frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can become the top frontier poems in previous dynasties, mainly because it is the inevitable result of the all-round prosperity of Tang poetry and the inevitable result of the logical development of frontier poems themselves.
First of all, the overall prosperity of Tang poetry has improved the creative level of frontier fortress poetry and its artistic achievements. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's classical poetry, with more than 50,000 poems and nearly 2,300 authors. Poetry is unprecedentedly prosperous, and Tang poetry deserves to be the pinnacle of China's ancient poetry. Its wide range of subjects, mature skills, numerous schools and complete genres, profound exposure of social contradictions and meticulous portrayal of characters' mentality are almost unprecedented! This overall atmosphere and pattern of Tang poetry greatly improved and expanded the creative level and scale of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty as an important part of Tang poetry.
Secondly, from the logic of the development of frontier poems, frontier poems had a long history before the Tang Dynasty, and The Book of Songs was the origin. During the Han Dynasty, his martial arts were superb, which had a far-reaching impact not only on the society at that time, but also on the whole history of China. Although there are no mature frontier poems left due to the underdevelopment of poetry creation, there are many lost works in Han Yuefu, such as Back to the Top, Fighting in the South and Fighting in the North, such as Tap Water, Out of the Great Wall, Into the Great Wall and Guan Shanyue. It became the most common theme in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, the song of Princess Wusun. The poems of Jian 'an, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties have a more obvious influence on the frontier poems of Tang Dynasty, and there is a more direct relationship between them. The internal logic of the development of this poem is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:
First, from Jian 'an to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was an obvious trend in poetry creation. From Cao Shisanzu, Jian 'an Qizi, Cai Yanqi to Chen Liang, more and more works focus on the old Yuefu, eulogizing the frontier fortress, describing the hardships of frontier fortress and expressing the feelings of husband and wife, which has opened up an important theme field for China's classical poetry. A poetic tradition describing the life of the frontier fortress war is taking shape. The formation of this tradition is undoubtedly the product of historical consciousness, and it is the psychological accumulation caused by the brilliant governance of the northwest frontier in Han Dynasty and the victory of foreign wars and the painful reality collision from Jian 'an to the 400-year great division and turmoil in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. People are eager to restore the "order" of the Han Dynasty. In the era of the unification of Sui and Tang Dynasties, the national strength was extremely strong and the frontier work was outstanding. In the end, this historical consciousness and social psychology were really carried forward, and frontier poems flourished and matured with the efforts of poets in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Their number, content and vivid experiences are incomparable to those of the previous generation. Only in terms of quantity,
According to rough statistics, there are more than 180 poems related to frontier life before Sui Dynasty, which are included in Yuefu Poetry Collection and The History of the Three Kingdoms in Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, there are nearly 2,000 frontier poems of a dynasty in the Tang Dynasty based on the incomplete statistics of the whole Tang poetry and its external compilation. It can be seen that the achievement of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty is the result of learning, inheriting, developing and innovating from predecessors.
Second, the inheritance of the theme of poetry. Various themes of frontier poems in this period, such as describing the life scene in Hu, the desert grassland scenery, the extreme heat and cold outside the Great Wall, the ambition to join the army and serve the country, the bitter experience in the army and the sadness of missing women, are fully manifested in the frontier poems in Tang Dynasty. For example, there are 12 articles on "leading water" by nine people in the Six Dynasties included in Yuefu Poetry Collection, with two basic themes: first, the idea of returning home from the army, such as the articles of Emperor Liang Yuan, Xu Ling and Zhang; The second is to repay the country's kindness, such as caring. There are 7 people and 8 essays written by Tang people, and their thoughts and arts have all developed, but their basic themes are the same as those of the Six Dynasties, which shows their inheritance relationship.
Third, the inheritance of poetic form and expression. The frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty copied a large number of old Yuefu poems from the previous generation, mostly works of people in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Tang people also developed and created things, such as the changes from entering the fort to leaving the fort, from the journey of bitter cold to the journey of bitter cold before and after, from the journey of bitter heat to the journey of hot sea, from difficult to difficult and difficult to go, and from the previous generation's poem "Joining the army has bitter joy" to "Joining the army has bitter joy", which is based on the historical events of the previous generation. There are many examples of words and poetic images in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as the weeping of Longshui, the flying snow in Tianshan Mountain, the yellow sand in the desert, the withered white grass, the purple beyond the Great Wall, the jade Qing in the Three Seas, the continuous banners, the loud gongs and drums, the horses in the north wind, the rainbow in Shuang Hu, etc ... This is the inheritance of expression techniques. Most of the poems in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties praised the Han Dynasty, and many frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty also used Chinese as a metaphor for the Tang Dynasty. They borrowed a lot of war stories and allusions from the frontier of the Han Dynasty, such as Xerox Ran Yan, who volunteered to go to South Vietnam, tied Ma Dawan, planned to cut down Loulan, held a sacrifice in Beihai, and repaired Wu Sun ... This reflected a creative tradition. When the Tang people fully absorbed and digested this poetic tradition, and carried it forward, and pushed the poems expressing the life of the frontier troops to the extreme ideologically and artistically, although there were followers in the Song Dynasty, they failed to open up a new realm beyond the whole Tang people. Therefore, the brilliant achievements of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty are the embodiment of historical continuity and non-repetition.
References:
1
Yan Yu. Cang Hua. Poetry criticism
2
Zhenguan politicians and regimes
three
Du fu. Recall the past
four
Yuan Jie. Jane Jinshi third
five
Du fu. Drink the songs of the Eight Immortals
six
Hong Mai Rongzhai's Essays and Sequels
seven
Xuanzong Collection of Old Tang Books
eight
Gao Shi Jiuqu ci
nine
Meng Haoran. Send Chen Qi to the western army.
10
Li Bai. Shang Li Yong
1 1
Yang Jiong. Chusai
12
Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.
13
Gao Shi Biedongda
14
Throughout the Tang Dynasty. Volume 2 14
15
Biography of Wang Bochuan in the New Tang Dynasty
16
Throughout the Tang Dynasty. Volume 2 14
17
Books by Li Bai and Han Jingzhou
18
Old Tang Shugao Shi Zhuan
19
Throughout the Tang Dynasty. Volume 325
20
New Tang Book Election Annals
2 1
Yang Jiong. Join the army.
22
Wang Wei. Juvenile hanging
23
Gao Shi Sai Qu Xia
24
Cen Can. Send Vice Ambassador Li to Guangxi.
25
Throughout the Tang Dynasty. Volume 233
26
The whole Tang language. Volume 330
27
The Old Tang Book Biography of Geshuhan
28
Ten Prefaces to Li Shimin's Dijing
29
Li Shimin. Qi Zhijing trilateral