Bai Juyi is a typical poet who can best represent popularization in Tang Dynasty.
Bai Juyi was born in 772 AD (seven years in Dali, Tang Daizong) and finally lived for 74 years in 846 AD (six years in Huichang, Tang Wuzong). After six dynasties of Shunzong, Xianzong, Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong and Wuzong. No matter at that time or later generations, we can't talk about this poet without the following three points: first, his leading position in the poetry world and his role in fueling the flames; Second, the sensation he caused in the ruling and opposition, and his fame; Thirdly, as a poet, he had unparalleled respect and extraordinary reputation in the minds of most people in China at that time. His fans can be said to be all over the country, everywhere in the north and south, which may be the "Bai Juyi phenomenon" that is most worthy of a book.
His friend Yuan Zhen wrote in the preface of his collection of poems "Bai's Changqing Collection": "In the past twenty years, there has been no ban on provinces, temples, postal services, walls and books, and princes, concubines and horses. Others write and write shapes, sell them in the market, or take them as wine and tea. "
Aminhu's book "Tang Yin Gui Qian" quoted a good year's record: "When it succeeded, the price was extremely low. The village road sells fish, the layman buys half a foot of Hu Kun, and the literati buys Yuefu poems. " A poem by Bai Juyi can be exchanged for a chubby fish and streaky pork. I guess it is difficult for contemporary poets to sell their works at such a high price. Therefore, I always think that Bai Juyi's pursuit of popularization of literature and the popularization of Bai Juyi's poems are the objects that should be specially studied. Because literature is relatively small, the literati are small, aristocratic, yuppie and gentry, which makes literature divorced from reality, isolated from life, unfamiliar with the people and indifferent to the people. In this way, not only fish, but also meat will be spurned and regarded as a lost thing, and it will not be far away.
Why study it? Because in the Tang Dynasty, the spread scope, speed, methods and means of China literati works were extremely limited. However, Bai Juyi can create infinite situations in this limited space. In history, if he is not the only successful person, he is also a successful person who has been sought after by his contemporaries and recognized by the wider public for thousands of years.
"From Chang 'an to Jiangxi for three or four thousand miles, there are often poets in township schools, Buddhist temples, tourism and boating; Scholars, monks, widows and virgins often have servants who sing poems. "
"The Japanese also heard from relatives and friends that the selection of candidates by the official department is based on the trial and judgment of servants and private individuals. The rest of the poems are often in the population. The servant was ashamed and disbelieved. When I came to Chang 'an again, I heard that an army wanted Gao Xia to stay, so I wanted to hire a geisha. The prostitute boasted, "I have recited Bai Xueshi's Song of Eternal Sorrow. Why not be a prostitute with him?" Therefore, the price has been raised. The book says,' Who will see the poems among the posts of the official pavilion on Tongzhou Day?' ? Last night, I celebrated Hannan Day, and I met my host to collect all the music and entertain his guests. When prostitutes saw the servants coming, they pointed to each other and said,' This is Qin Zhongyin's main ear and everlasting regret. "("Yuan Zhen Bai Changqing Collection Preface ")
I'm confused. In the Tang Dynasty, there were no writers' associations, no poetry magazines, no recitals and concerts, no three-dimensional and flat media advocacy, no rabble of good people, hyping up charts, famous artists' charts, achievement charts and best-selling charts, clamoring for young seeds and losing money to make money. Bai Juyi's poems, on the other hand, made even princes, nobles and concubines who were deeply involved in politics fall in love with his poems. We can't help but see that Tang poetry without modern means of communication has become a mystery because of its rapid spread, wide influence, wide response from the masses and high enthusiasm for public opinion.
Because until the Northern Song Dynasty (104 1- 1048), about 200 years after Bai Juyi's death, a mechanic named Bi Sheng invented movable type printing. Prior to this, the number of books printed by block printing was limited. Nevertheless, Bai Juyi became the most popular, widely read, influential and well-known poet in China. Literati at that time, if they didn't have two volumes of Bai Juyi's books in their hands and couldn't pronounce Bai Juyi's poems in their mouths, they lacked style and couldn't catch up with the laggards of the times.
According to the Chronicle of Tang Poems, the book was written by the Song people, and it was written in two years: "Li Daolong heard that Bai Juyi was easy to die, and mourned it with poetry:' In the past 60 years, jade beads have been linked together, who called ghost Dao a poet. It is not easy to live in a floating name, and naturally there is no word music. A boy will hate Long song, and Hu Er will play the pipa. The article is full of people, and I once missed you. ""A poet can get the support from the emperor's confidant to CoCo Lee, get such enthusiastic support from top to bottom, and get such strong response from all sides. In history, Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was probably the only one.
According to the records in Youyang Za in the Tang Dynasty, it is amazing that Bai Juyi has such a groupie who loves his poems. "Zhou Jingjie Ge Qing, brave and unyielding, from the neck down, stabbed Bai Juyi Scheeren's poems all over the ground, and tasted Jing's ambition. If you make it self-evident, you can recite it. Turn your finger to the place where it goes until' this flower doesn't prefer chrysanthemums', and then there is a man holding a cup next to the chrysanthemums. Cold forest has leaves, which means trees, with valerian on it, and the lock of valerian is extremely thin. Where there are more than 30 prints, Chen Zhi called them' poems by Bai Sheren'. " To tell the truth, there are more than 100 million poets in China than in Qian Qian, but never has a poet's fans been so sought after.
Throughout history, it is really rare for literati to be so connected with the public, life, sound and gas, and have an intersection of hearts. Therefore, for the China literary world which has entered the 2 1 century, there are more people who write poems than those who read them, and fewer people who read novels than those who write novels. In contrast, they can't help but feel quite frustrated, depressed and depressed!