Modernism refers to modernism. The main expression of western modernist literature is the theme of alienation. Its philosophical basis is irrationalism: the main theoretical propositions of Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Freud. Second, symbolism and imagist poetry symbolism include Malah, Wei Erlun and Rambo. Baudelaire, the author of Flowers of Evil, is regarded as the pioneer of symbolism. Eliot's The Waste Land, published in 1922, symbolizes that there is no water in the world, so it dries up and tends to be destroyed. This is a milestone in modern poetry. Third, futurism Italy, Russia and France are the main writers of futurism. The basic proposition of Italian orthodox futurism. In literary creation, he advocates "free writing" and "imaginative imagination", opposes the logical structure of sentences, and likes to piece together with a series of nouns or infinitives. Mayakovski, a great poet, is an outstanding representative of the world, and he should belong to "revolutionary futurism". 1930 After Mayakovski's death, Russian futurism gradually declined, while the sequela of western futurism still existed, which had a far-reaching impact on avant-garde literature and absurd drama in European and American modernism. Fourth, the development of expressionism. Works of major writers. Ideological characteristics, literary viewpoints and main artistic techniques. Kafka's main works, the ideological and artistic characteristics of Kafka's creation. 5. What is a stream-of-consciousness novel? Stream of consciousness novel is a typical psychological novel, and the stream of consciousness of characters becomes the absolute theme of the novel. Spots on the Wall breaks through the routine of traditional novels, with no plot, no environment and no ending. The author just grasps the instant impressions and meditation of the characters and introduces us into their spiritual world. Recognized representative novels of stream of consciousness include Petersburg by Andre Bailey, Memories of Time Past by Proust and To the Lighthouse by Woolf. Surrealism literature was born in France in 1924. Among the Paris poets in the 1920s and 1930s, Philip? Su Bo's poems (1897- 1990) are famous for their natural fluency and freshness. He doesn't have the characteristics of some surrealist poets. Paul. Ai Lvya (1895- 1952) is the best surrealist poet who writes love poems. His famous poem Lover is concise and meaningful. Ai Lvya broke away from the surrealist movement in 1938, joined the French Production Party in his later years and actively participated in the underground anti-fascist resistance movement. The works in his later years are no longer confined to dreamy poems, but dig poetry from ordinary life experiences. For example, the poem Courage says that "Paris is starving/Paris is freezing/there are no roasted chestnuts to eat in the streets of Paris ...". Louis, is he as famous as Ai Lvya? Aragon (1897- 1982) was also a member of the French * * * production party, and his poetic style changed his life. His representative works include the poems Fire of Joy (1920) and Eternity Collection (1926). The prose poem "Holy Thursday" was written on the Thursday before Easter. It is a scene of folk celebrating the Spring Festival, and reality and imagination blend. After 1930, Aragon broke away from surrealism and turned to praise socialism, and actively participated in the resistance movement. Aragon's poems are very inspiring because they are widely used in spoken English. Therefore, during World War II, Charles de Gaulle personally recited his works on French radio in London, and ordered his poems to be airdropped to the occupied areas of France. Andre? Brighton (1896- 1966) is a theoretical leader of French surrealism, and his novella Najia, published in 1928, is one of the few outstanding novels in surrealist literature. The novel tells the story of the heroine Jana in the first person, which is the experimental result of "automatic writing method". The last sentence in the book: "Beauty may or may not be spasmodic" has the ambiguous characteristics of postmodernists. Joan of Arc? Pace (1887- 1975) served as the third secretary of the French embassy in China in 19 16. He once lived in a Taoist temple in the northwest suburb of Beijing and wrote one long poem after another, Annabath. Ten poems describe the scene of an army marching inland from the sea and express the loneliness in the battle. Pace has never participated in any genre and does not agree with any tendency. His poems have the color of grand epic, but there are also some surreal factors, such as absurd fantasy and mystery, unconventional imagery metaphor, prophetic tone and so on. Rene. Charles (1907-1988) became Brighton's disciple at the age of 23, and his poetry collection "The Hammer Without the Owner" is his masterpiece in the surreal period.
7. Existentialism Literature The representative works of existentialism literature include Sartre's novel Nausea, the philosophical drama Shut up and Camus' novel The Outsider. Eight, the new novel school "new novel" school or "anti-novel" school began to appear in France after the Second World War and prevailed in the fifties and sixties. It has a great influence on Britain and the United States, especially on Western and Eastern Europe (Poland). The main representatives of the New Fiction School are French writers alain robert Gerye, Natalie Sarot, Michelle Bouthors, Margaret Dura and so on. Robert Greer (1922? ) is the founder of the New Fiction School, and his papers The Road to Future Fiction and Nature, Humanism and Tragedy are regarded as the theoretical declarations of the New Fiction School. His first novel Eraser was published in 1953, which caused controversy in western literary circles. After it was translated into English, it became popular in America. Natalie Sarot (1902? Born in Russia, he settled in France with his parents and worked as a lawyer. He is regarded as a pioneer and theorist of the New Fiction School. In the age of doubt, she put forward many artistic ideas of new novels. After 1959, the new novel school rose in the United States, with Donald Bassam as its representative. 9. How do absurd plays understand absurdity? Overview of development. Ideological and artistic features. Works of representative writers. The ideological content of Waiting for Godot. Ten, black humor, black humor. Works of major writers. Ideological and artistic features. The ideological content of Catch-22. 1 1. The influence of magic realism Spanish traditional literature, western modernist literature, Indian folk culture and ancient myths and legends of the East and the West on the formation of magic realism literature. The formation process, main writers' works and artistic characteristics of magical realism literature. The Ideological and Artistic Features of One Hundred Years of Solitude