Keywords: Chinese college entrance examination frontal foil
20 10 Tianjin volume of college entrance examination 13 is a test site for poetry appreciation. The difference is that this year is a comparative appreciation of two poems. For the convenience of discussion, the record is as follows:
Read the following two Tang poems and answer them as required.
Seeing friends off at the gorge
Sikongshu
The flowers in the canyon flew to the end of spring,
Tianya goes to wipe away tears.
Wan Li came as a guest,
Today has become a farewell to old friends.
Send guests to Shu.
Tao Yong
The scenery of Jiannan is before spring.
Mountain birds, river wind, new rain.
Don't blame me for seeing you off,
My destiny is to remember people.
Some people think that the poem "seeing friends off" adopts a positive contrast. "Send Shunk" adopts the technique of setting off the opposite side. Do you agree? Please provide a justification for the answer. (The first two questions are not discussed and omitted. )
The proposer took this question as an open topic and designed two reference answers:
Agree: the first song uses the scene of hurting spring to set off the feelings of parting; The second song compares the feelings of parting with the fresh scenery in early spring to write about happiness and sadness.
Disagree: the first song sets off the feeling of parting with the scene of hurting spring; The second song is also a positive foil. With the fresh scenery of early spring, the poet shared the joy of his friends returning home.
The word "positive contrast" appears in the stem of the question and the given answer. Can "positive contrast" be "positive"? The author believes that the author does not understand the exact meaning of "contrast" as a means of expression in poetry creation, and may be confused with "rendering" or mistakenly think that "contrast" is equivalent to "setting off".
"Positive contrast" is a wrong appreciation term. The author specially went to the library to check the explanation of the word "contrast", and extracted two of them as follows:
Writing terms. It was originally one of the techniques of Chinese painting. Refers to the use of ink or light color to render and set off the outline of an object, making the object stand out obviously. In composition, it refers to deliberately avoiding the positive description and deliberately depicting and rendering only from the side, so that the people, events and events represented are distinct and prominent, and the artistic effect of "holding the moon in the clouds" is received.
A technique of expression in writing, that is, through profile description, to make the object to be expressed clear and prominent. "Contrast method" was originally a technique of Chinese painting, that is, painting with ink or light color on the outside of an object to highlight the object from the background, such as rendering clouds to hold up the moon, which is called "baking clouds to hold up the moon".
Whether it is "deliberately avoiding the front" or "passing through the side", the explanations of these two dictionaries tell us that "contrast" cannot be "front". We are used to saying "front rendering, side contrast" also confirms this view.
For example, Wei's "Send the Twilight Rain" and "Did it rain all the way to Chu?" The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly. The Yangtze River flows into the distance of the Yangtze River, and the trees are full of rain. Similarly, because of our great love, there are waterlines on our faces. "Contrast" is used in a poem. Except for the "light rain" mentioned in the first sentence, there is no direct rain below, but the rain is written from the side through other things: the cloth sails on the ship have become heavy, the birds have not flown so lightly, the sky is gray and can't be seen in the distance, but the trees by the river are very moist. Although rain is not written directly in couplets and necklaces, the application of "contrast" makes us feel that Mao Mao rain falls on sails, bird feathers, the sky and trees.
On the other hand, if you look at this problem, you literally need to analyze the expression of the work, but actually you need to analyze the relationship between emotion and scenery in the poem.
"All scenery words are sentimental words" (Wang Guowei's Poems on Earth). Generally speaking, the setting of scenery always takes emotion as the transfer, including "emotional sorrow is the scene sorrow, emotional joy is the scene joy" (Qing Wuqiao's Poems on the Furnace) and "writing sorrow with joy, mourning, and doubling its sadness and joy" (Qing Wangfuzhi's Poems on Jiangzhai) Look at Monday's poems with the scenery of early spring, and set off sadness with the fresh and beautiful scenery. The former takes mourning as the positive lining, while the latter takes joy as the lining.
This kind of expression is very common in poetry, taking Du Fu as an example, such as going up a mountain, the ape sobbing from the vast sky in the strong wind, and the birds flying home on the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bad luck has formed a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick dust in my wine. "The first four sentences of the poem describe a bleak autumn scenery: the wind howls, the apes howl, the bamboo is clear and the sand is white, the birds reflect the cold bamboo, the leaves fall, the river is swift, and the color of late autumn is sad. Rendered deep sadness for the next four sentences. The last four sentences express grief: mixed with worries about the hardship of national luck and sadness of defeat in other countries. Write a sad mood with a sad scene, which is a positive contrast. Another example is his quatrain, "Jiang Bi birds are too white, and mountains are too white. I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return? "At that time, the poet stayed in Chengdu, eager to return to the East. Because of the war, he couldn't do it, and the last two sentences sighed. However, the first two sentences of the poem outline a beautiful picture of spring, which is extremely harmonious. Why are you homesick for such a beautiful scenery? It turns out that this is a happy scene of writing sadness. Only in this way can we write the poet's longing for returning home: with the strong contrast between objective scenery and subjective feelings, the poet's homesickness is more intense. This is the contrast.
From this point of view, the proposer may really confuse the relationship between "contrast" and "contrast", which leads to the wrong use of the term "positive contrast", but it should not have appeared in the college entrance examination paper.
Finally, I still want to point out that the lyrical subject of the poem Farewell to Shunk is the poet himself, expressing the poet's own sadness. From the poem, we can't see what it is like to be a guest. The second reference answer provided is "to set off the poet's joy of sharing his friend's hometown", which is just unfounded speculation.
★ Author: Xinyang High School, Henan Province.