1 advanced Chinese answering skills and answering templates
1. Pronunciation analysis problem
Answer skills: it is unlikely that common words will be correctly pronounced. Unused words are generally not mispronounced.
Exclusion is a better way to check the stem of the question.
2. Font analysis problem
Answer skills: "the shape is similar to the sound." Unusual words are generally not wrong. Usually accumulate more.
3. Word use problems
There are generally two types to choose the best answer according to the sense of language:
Answer skills: to understand the meaning of a word, first exclude the word you know best. If you want to use a word, you must find the corresponding information in the context, with the focus on using the collocation in the situation. Pay attention to the method of exclusion, first exclude the most recognizable words, and gradually reduce the options.
4. Idioms (including idioms) analysis questions
Answer skills:
First, explain idioms word by word, grasp the general idea of idioms by using their structural characteristics, but be careful not to look at the text and make sense;
Second, experience the emotional color of idioms, such as praise, derogatory and neutral;
Third, we should pay attention to the scope of use of idioms and the objects of collocation;
Fourth, try to find out the relevant information in the sentence.
Fifth, the four schemes are weighed and compared, and the one that meets the requirements best is selected.
To correctly understand the overall meaning of idioms, we should pay attention to the combination and collocation of contexts. The more you understand idioms literally, the more you should pay attention to traps. Particularly strange idioms are often correct.
5. Analysis of ill sentences
Types of ill sentences: improper word order, improper collocation, incomplete or redundant components, chaotic structure, unclear meaning (ambiguity) and illogical.
Answer skills: most sentences are judged by exclusion. Think back to the symptoms of common sick sentences before.
The idea of doing the problem is usually: check the trunk of the sentence, whether there is a lack of components →→→→→ weigh the words, whether they are collocated →→→→ read silently in your mind to see if there are different sentence patterns →→→ think comprehensively, and whether it is in line with logical thinking. Please pay special attention to the following:
(1) Prepositions such as "about", "about" and "right", pay attention to the incompleteness of the subject.
② Sentences similar to "A" being "B", pay attention to the coordination between "A" and "B", and may be mixed sentences.
③ There is a long modifier behind the verb. Pay attention to whether the object is incomplete.
④ Use "he" or "pause" to connect the coordinate components, and pay attention to ambiguity, improper internal logical order and subordinate relationship of meaning.
⑤ Two-sided words such as "can" and "can" are used in the first half sentence, so we should pay attention to whether the second half sentence is harmonious with the first half sentence.
⑥ Pay attention to whether rhetorical questions and interrogative questions have opposite meanings.
6. Punctuation problem
Answer skills: Pay attention to the use of punctuation marks (pause, quotation marks, dashes, brackets, semicolons, question marks) in the test paper, focus on the correctness of such punctuation marks, and discriminate and exclude them one by one.
7. Sorting questions (language coherence questions) exam
Answer skills: First, consider the sentence pattern, which requires the same topic, the same object, the same narrative angle, the same emotional appeal, the same contextual sentence pattern and the same contextual thinking. Also pay attention to the harmony and rhyme of language syllables. Then from the sentence content, pay attention to the time and material order. Also find the corresponding information in the upper and lower sentences. Language styles should be consistent.
Paragraph cohesion, foresight and retrospect, pay attention to the inheritance of contextual subject and the internal connection of logic. Find a breakthrough and use exclusion. The idea of doing the problem is to examine whether the object (subject) of the statement is consistent →→→→→→→ whether the topic is consistent → whether the sentence patterns are consistent before and after →→→ whether the scene is consistent → whether the syllables are harmonious, etc.
(2) Modern reading (9 points, 3 points for each small question) (6-8 questions)
How to read scientific articles
Pay attention to the whole reading, and explanatory words grasp the basic concepts and words that explain the basic concepts; Argumentative essays grasp the basic ideas and the words that explain them. Read the first and last paragraphs carefully and repeat each paragraph in your mind. Mark the sentences that reveal the theme and structure of the article, and name pronouns, related words and signs with strokes. Read the questions and find the areas corresponding to the options. The content and title of the article confirm each other.
Overall problem-solving skills in scientific literature
Turn the negative statement in the stem of the question into a positive statement. If there is a stem of words such as "basis", "evidence" and "reason", there should be a causal relationship between the options and the stem. Use pronouns instead of pronouns to make pronouns consistent with pronouns. Find out the content area related to the option and compare the option with the content of the article word by word. Derivation options should be based on the original text, with cause and effect. Pay attention to what happened before, cause and effect, first and then, exaggeration and narrowing, and the difference between parts and the whole.
Normal mistakes include intentional confusion, generalization, making things out of nothing, pretending mistakes, changing concepts, reversing cause and effect, imposing cause and effect, and arbitrarily dividing.
8. Understanding the concept of words
Answer skills: find out the content area corresponding to the option, underline the corresponding sentence in the article, contact the original meaning of the word and grasp the contextual meaning.
9. Sentence comprehension problems
Answer skills: clarify the structural relationship of complex sentences and analyze some sentence components appropriately. Secondly, we should seriously think about modifiers, which is the focus of option comparison. Find out the corresponding explanation in the text and compare it word for word with the options. Analyze causality. Clear the order. Check whether the explanation of this option is consistent with the tendency of the whole article or paragraph.
10, information screening question
Answer skills: find out the content areas corresponding to the options and filter them in turn. The original content is consistent with the choice, and the choice and the stem should be able to form a causal relationship. Skip unimportant information, such as examples and descriptions, and grasp the essential features.
Outline of main points
Answer skills: find out the corresponding sentences in the article and grasp the lyrical sentences in the article. The contents of the report should correspond to the original contents one by one. Concepts cannot be expanded or reduced at will, and causality and contextual relations cannot be reversed. Pay attention to the comparison between branches. If there are conflicting options in the options, there must be a mistake.
1 1. Infer a fictional problem
Answer skills: find out the basis of inference. Pay attention to the transformation of narrative angle and expression. Distinguish between possibility and necessity, necessity and possibility, front and back, full name and proper name. Inference is not exaggerated, narrow and out of thin air.
In short: all judgments must come from the original text, not subjective. It is suggested to read the full text first, mark the paragraphs well, and grasp the meaning of the full text initially. Do the last multiple-choice question first, and have an overall grasp of the full text before doing the other three multiple-choice questions. Find the position of the sentence in the stem in the original text, look forward and look back, grasp the whole, and use exclusion (especially to express absolute options). Must be used at the same time Or other signs to remind yourself.
2 advanced Chinese answering skills
Classical Chinese reading
In view of the fact that most of the reading questions in classical Chinese are narrative, we should try our best to find people and things in the text and circle the following related contents in the text: how many people are there and how to call them; Who is the protagonist and what is the relationship with others; There are several things that are done by several people; The relationship between events, what is the significance, is generally hierarchical. Then review the questions, study the paragraphs with these questions, don't entangle in irrelevant places, and work hard in important places.
1. Understanding of notional words in classical Chinese: adhere to the principle of "words are inseparable from sentences". Make use of the structural characteristics of words and words. Take the way of association from there to here to quickly understand the meaning of words. The explanation given in the option can be substituted into the sentence and confirmed repeatedly in combination with the context. In addition, we should pay special attention to the phenomenon of polysemy, flexible use of words, different meanings between ancient and modern times, false words and biased meanings in classical Chinese. At ordinary times, the explanations of individual morphemes in some idioms we have accumulated can sometimes give us some enlightenment and use it for me.
2. Meaning and usage of function words: On the premise of understanding the meaning of the sentence, according to the position of the word in the sentence, turn the function words into content words and judge the part of speech and usage.
3. "Screening information" and "grasping the meaning of the text": these are the last two questions in reading classical Chinese. Pay attention to the overall grasp. In particular, the last question "grasp the meaning of the text" and the setting of four options in this question. Most of them are arranged in the order of the original content, and inappropriate items are often selected, which is helpful to understand the full text and provide effective information for solving the previous problems. It is advisable to slow down here and try to do it right. When you're done, go back and check the correctness of the previous question.
Answer skills:
1. Learn to circle and point, because the answer sheet is for the first volume, and the circle is ok. Draw a clear line between people and major events.
2. Look at the last question in classical Chinese first, which is the summary and analysis of the content. In essence, this topic can be called "Translation of Classical Chinese and Vernacular Chinese", which is very clear about the characters, the full text and the event analysis. So I read this article first. It is equivalent to reading the translation. Read the original again. Get twice the result with half the effort.
3. Infer the meaning of words with the help of the original text. Don't take it for granted, but mobilize the knowledge reserve in your mind.
4. The translation of classical Chinese should first look at the meaning in front of this sentence. Because context is the best hint. The former sentence is understood, and the latter sentence will naturally follow.
In addition to the common classical Chinese notional words (120 stipulated in the syllabus), you should also take a look at other classical Chinese notional words marked in the textbook before the exam, and just take a look at your notes.
6. Function words in classical Chinese should take common words as the object of investigation, such as "two, harmony, tolerance, starting, being, doing, speaking, meaning, cause, being, then knowing".
Classical Chinese translation
Classical Chinese translation: First, read the sentence or paragraph fluently, and translation is half the battle. When explaining important real words and function words in sentences, we should pay attention to contextual reasoning; When translating, we should pay attention to the changes and adjustments of sentence patterns and word order of classical Chinese, and omit the supplement of components; Pay attention to the fluency of translated sentences and write carefully. None of the judges will check the figures in the blank. Therefore, those bars should be filled in, whether right or wrong.
Classical Chinese translation focuses on literal translation and word-for-word realization.
Appreciation of ancient poetry
Appreciation of classical poetry: first, carefully examine the topic and make clear which aspect to appreciate.
1. In terms of ideological content, we should use the scenery, characters and events written by the poet to understand the artistic conception of the poem, the poet's emotional experience and the truth reflected.
2. In terms of images, we should recognize the images written in poems and understand their experiences, mentality or representative significance.
3. In terms of language, we should carefully understand the verbs, adjectives and other parts of speech that can best reflect the artistic conception of poetry, and analyze how they reflect the artistic conception and express the poet's feelings.
4. In terms of expression skills, we need to understand the expression skills of poetry and analyze it with the help of the original poem.
5. Clarify the suggestive factors of the topic requirements and do the questions in strict accordance with the requirements.
6. Seriously organize the answer, if it is a paragraph. According to the total score structure, the conceptual terms about poetry creation should be used accurately, that is to say, jargon. For example, the first sentence and the second sentence should be replaced by first couplet, platoon couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet.
Answer skills:
Appreciation of ancient poetry lies in the understanding of words. To find the answer from poetry, we must learn various methods, but the key is to understand poetry, especially to grasp the artistic conception. Artistic conception is the mood expressed by the author when writing this poem. Or depressed, or high-spirited, or depressed, or missing, or indifferent. , and then turn it into words.
The key point to remember is that the answer lies in the poem, in the situation expressed by the author in words, such as "cold, clear, quiet, absolutely, dark, cloudy, noisy, writing, tears"
The expression of poetry appreciation should be closely related to poetry, labeled, not exaggerated, not deleted, and preferably true expression. For example, "Folding Willow" in 2002 and "Cold Swallow" in 2003 are all analyzed according to the content of this poem, so we can't copy it mechanically. Of course, there must be skill in expression. It is to analyze the context and meaning of this word. This statement is clear.
3 advanced Chinese answering skills
First, the poetry answering mode
1. Artistic conception category: describe the picture (loyal to the original poem, beautiful language)+summarize the atmosphere+analyze the thoughts and feelings+point out the characteristics of the realm.
2. Skills: revealing skills+combining poetry analysis (how to use it)+thoughts and feelings+effects (influence on readers, artistic conception, center, etc. )
3. Language features: revealing language features+combining with specific analysis of poetry+thoughts and feelings+effects.
4. Refine the word: the original meaning of the word and its meaning in the sentence+skills (flexible use, inversion, technique)+description of scenery in the sentence+artistic conception and emotion (effect).
5. Keyword category: thematic function+structural function
6. Emotional category: what means+through _ _ content+expression (boarding/revealing) _ _ feelings.
7. General theme category: poetry positioning+content of each sentence+transmission _ _ technique+expression _ _ emotion+evaluation.
8. Appreciation category: what is written+how to write it (skill+language style+sentence characteristics)+expression effect (emotion)
9. Image category: find the poem+analyze the basic meaning (image type+characteristics)+why to write (theme)+effect.
10, poetry: surface meaning+deep meaning
Second, the modern composition answering mode
1, open question: evaluation+citation+analysis+conclusion
2. Talk about opinions or supplement the ending: perception+extension.
3. Causes: objective reasons+subjective reasons.
4. The expressive function of words: image+emotion+accuracy+structure.
5. Associative perception: A. Perception: According to the text, contact the full text.
B. Enlightenment: Give another example and make suggestions in combination with reality and self.
6. The function of the sentence: a. Ideological: linking the meaning of this sentence+highlighting the content or revealing the paragraph meaning+contact center, attitude, emotion+using rhetoric or expression means to reveal the expression effect.
B, structurally: arouse the following, set suspense, pave the way, render the atmosphere, take care of the previous article, summarize the previous article, make the structure rigorous, connect the preceding with the following, and reveal the context of the article.
7. Understanding of key sentences: grasp the key words in the sentence+contact context (style, structure, center, etc. )
8. why do you want to write from y? Reveal the relationship between y and y+lead out the writing theme+highlight the theme characteristics.
9. How to demonstrate: demonstration method+demonstration process.
4 the specific skills of answering questions in senior high school Chinese
Answering strategies that should be paid attention to when answering questions
1. See the stem requirements clearly. Whether you choose right or wrong, do you have any other information to refer to when you answer the question? Be sure to look carefully and clearly.
2. First rule out the options that are most sure to be ruled out. For example, "analysis of words and idioms (including idioms)" can be considered from the aspects of emotional color, scope, degree, proper collocation and repetition.
3. Some routine reminders. When distinguishing between correct and wrong pronunciations, pay attention to those words that you are most sure of, and everyone seems to pronounce them like this. Distinguish between right and wrong typos, and look at the topic for a long time. After a long time, what was originally correct will be considered a mistake. If you are not sure, you can put it aside. Choosing words to fill in the blanks should use "exclusion method" and pay attention to "collocation"; When using idioms, we should avoid the understanding of "looking at the text to create meaning" The more you want to understand idioms literally, the more you should pay attention to the traps. Sometimes the "particularly strange" idioms in the test questions are often correct.
Analyze and summarize the author's views and attitudes in the article.
First of all, read through the full text to understand the main idea. When reading, pay attention to the people and things, feelings and reasons written by the author; We should pay attention to the materials chosen by the author, the narrative angle, the narrative tone, and the related comments and lyricism.
The second is to check the inscriptions item by item. Compare the contents of the options with the relevant parts of the original text one by one to see if the options are consistent with the original text, and be careful not to miss important contents. The third is careful inspection and comprehensive verification.
How to appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works
Appreciating the image of literary works, especially the image of characters, can be divided into three steps.
First of all, listening to what he says and observing what he does is to understand the appearance, behavior, language and psychology of a character from his portrait description, action description, language description and psychological description.
Secondly, writing "ideological appraisal" for characters is to grasp the character characteristics and ideological quality of characters through the description of characters in works.
Finally, understand the author's creative intention, and understand the meaning and function of the characters from the theme and emotional tendency of the works revealed by the author.
Appreciating the language of literary works can be considered from three angles: first, the language characteristics of sentences and the expressions used in sentences; Second, the role of this kind of writing; Third, the connotation of the sentence.