Feature 1: There are many kinds and wide fields.
One is to express affection and love. For example, Meng Jiao's "Ancient Parting" and Du Fu's "Newly Married Parting" describe the separation of husband and wife, and the bitterness and pain of that separation are touching; Li Yi's "A Short and Happy Meeting with My Brother-in-law" met by chance, just for parting. "Liu Zongyuan's" Don't give up my brother Zong Yi "is the separation of flesh and blood between brothers, and the feelings of reluctance are beyond words; Meng Jiao's "Farewell" and Du Mu's "Farewell" describe the lingering feelings between lovers.
The second category is friendship and peer affection. Some people also wrote and sent friends to other places to be officials, such as sending them to Shu, Wang Wei sending them 20 yuan, and Li Bai sending them to Shu. Friends go out to be officials, and poets offer wine to each other, full of warm words and deep friendship. Others wrote about sending friends to other places to be officials, but friends or colleagues were relegated, such as Farewell, Song's Farewell to Du, and Liu Zongyuan's Farewell to a Dream. When the poet sends his friends away, he either expresses his political frustration, or vents his dissatisfaction with the imperial court, or expresses sympathy and relief to his friends. Some wrote about sending friends on expeditions, such as "Sending to the Army" and "Sending Deputy Li to the Western Expedition". These are mostly works of frontier fortress poets, full of lofty sentiments and passions; There is also writing about sending friends to travel far away and expressing that they are free to travel all over the country. For example, seeing friends off to wuyue by Du Xunhe and seeing Meng Haoran off on the way to Yangzhou by Li Bai. These poems are neither sad nor bold, with lofty artistic conception and deep feelings.
In addition, there is a kind of farewell poem in the Tang Dynasty, in which neither the sender nor the sender is the owner, such as "Farewell to Shen Han in Yunyang Inn" by Sikong Shu and "Farewell to Friends in Huaishang" by Zheng Gu. The sender and passer-by here are travelers on the journey, and their special feelings are more interesting.
Feature 2: diverse techniques and deep feelings.
One is to express one's mind directly. For example, Gao Shi's Don't Move Big: thousands of miles away in Huang Yun, the sun is shining, and the north wind is blowing geese and snow. Mochow will have no confidant in the future, and no one in the world will know you. The first two sentences directly write the sunset, and the last two sentences directly write the sincere friendship. They are all heartfelt words, generous and sad.
The second category is borrowing scenery to express emotion. This is a remarkable feature of Tang people's farewell poems. For example, Li Bai's "seeing friends off": there are blue mountains in the north and white water in the east. Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away. Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic. Waving from here, my horse screams again and again. The first couplet, the farewell place is picturesque, but once it is "horizontal" and "around", the feeling of farewell is expressed by mountains and rivers. The two couplets in the middle describe the deep feelings of parting: the couplets imagine the mental journey of a friend after his departure and express his ardent concern for his friend. The "floating clouds" in the necklace symbolize the uncertainty of his friend's whereabouts, and the "sunset" symbolizes the poet's deep feelings for parting, blending scenes and gripping people. The tail is sincere, so is the horse. Why do people feel inferior? The whole poem is lyrical, novel and unconventional, and its feelings are sincere and touching.
Another example is Zhang's "Send it to Dongting Mountain": Baling looks at Dongting in autumn, and the lonely peak water rises day by day. I heard that immortals can't meet, and their hearts are lingering with the lake. In this poem, which marks the entry of the seven wonders into the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the poet hides his thoughts deeply, and only implicitly reveals some information to us with the help of the scenery: he watched his friends leave, set sail in the boundless horizon, and went straight to the imperial court, while he lived in Yuezhou and never returned. The word "loneliness" is a pun, and the sense of loss and loneliness gradually comes to mind. However, the word "gone with the wind" suddenly has a confusing feeling. Peaks float in the water, people float in the world, and the worry of drifting is even stronger. The third sentence clearly says that the legendary immortal is "unreachable", but it is actually "unreachable" for friends, and the place where friends are far away-the imperial court is "unreachable"
Feature 3: Sad and unrestrained, each with its own merits.
"Affectionate parting hurts since ancient times", which is Liu Yong's parting with deep sadness. This kind of poems do not pay attention to the feelings of parting, but write the sad feelings of life experiences and political setbacks, with strong frustration and sadness. For example, the word "sadness" in Lu Lun's poems runs through the whole article, and the parting environment written in the first couplet greatly aggravates the feelings of parting and sets a deep and sentimental tone for the whole poem. The farewell scene written in the second couplet still closely follows the word sadness and blends into the feeling of parting; Necklace laments the life experience, but it is still tightly tied to the word sadness, with gloomy feelings, and integrates farewell, feeling the world and sadness, making the mood even sadder.
But Friends are not all sad, such as Wang Bo's Farewell to Du Shaofu Ren Shuchuan, which is sad and sour, with an open artistic conception and bright colors; Chen Ziang's "Send David to the Army" did not fall into the cliche of love, bitterness and sadness. It focuses on the overall situation and expresses the author's generous ambition and enterprising spirit. His feelings are wild and passionate, and his heroic spirit is pressing.
Feature 4: the border is near and the meaning is far, and the words are shallow and affectionate.
True literature is pure and sincere feelings are pure. In the farewell poems of the Tang Dynasty, poets often express their sincerity in the simplest language and turn it into a farewell song for generations. For example, Meng Haoran's Farewell to Wang Wei, the whole poem has neither beautiful pictures nor gorgeous rhetoric. The sentence is almost plain to spoken language, and the language is natural, but it is affectionate, touching, shallow and profound, and has a long aftertaste.
"For 20 years, everything has been the same, but today's roads are different." If the emperor agrees to return to the fields, he will become a neighbor at the end of the year. "Liu Zongyuan's" A Farewell to Dreams "contains complex emotions and deep feelings in plain language, which is straightforward and profound." Across the river and across the sea, I haven't seen you for years. Suddenly we found that you were like a dream, and we choked and asked ourselves how old we were. "This is a greeting when friends meet. Natural and unadorned, but the love of acacia is self-evident, and the state of sadness and joy is all in it. This true and pure language is unadorned, and we are moved by that profound friendship.
As a wonderful flower in the grand view garden of Tang poetry, the farewell poems of Tang people greatly enriched the theme and content of Tang poetry in terms of ideological content; In terms of artistic expression, the style is bold or implicit, broad or profound, explicit or implicit, or borrowing scenery or supporting things, and the language is shallow without carving, which truly embodies the artistic characteristics of "the edge is near and the meaning is far, and the words are shallow and affectionate".