Grass eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green. The courtyard of the thatched cottage is often cleaned, so clean that there is no moss. Rows of flowers and trees are filled with flower beds, all planted by their owners. A small river outside the courtyard guards the farmland and surrounds the green fields. Two green hills pushed open the door and brought green hills. This poem was engraved on the wall of Mr Hu Ming's house. The first two sentences describe the environment of his home, which is clean and quiet, suggesting the elegance of the owner's life. The last two sentences go outside the courtyard, writing about the deep affection of mountains and rivers for Mr. Hu Yin, and using the two allusions of "protecting the fields" and "driving away the wind", turning mountains and rivers into vivid and emotional images. Mountains and rivers take the initiative to meet people, which is a manifestation of people's nobility. Although there is no positive description of people in the poem, writing about mountains and rivers means writing about people. The scenery and people care for each other everywhere, and every sentence is closed and melted without trace. The poet's allusions are exquisite, and readers don't know the contents of allusions, which does not hinder the understanding of the general idea of poetry; The profound and interesting meaning of poetry needs to know the source of allusions in order to understand it more deeply. This paper discusses Mr. Hu Yin's selfless quality of teacher education and praises his good teaching.
Second, appreciate
This is a poem written by Wang Anshi on the wall of every household in Yang De. Yang Defeng, alias Mr. Hu Yin, was a neighbor and frequent friend of the author when he retired to Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).
The first two sentences praise the tranquility of Yang's compound. "Mao Yan" refers to the courtyard. "Quiet" means clean. How to write it clean? The poet rejects all plain descriptions and only uses the word "no moss", which is really unique. Why do you see it? It is rainy in the south of the Yangtze River and rainy in early summer, which is more conducive to the growth of moss than other seasons. Moreover, moss likes darkness, always grows in secluded places, and is more difficult to sweep than other weeds. Now there is no moss in the yard, doesn't it mean it is everywhere, all the time? Here, the humble image, because of the proper use of words, has an unusually rich expressive force. "Flowers and trees" are the most striking scenery in the courtyard. Because there are many varieties, we should plant them in separate beds. In this way, the word "Chengqi" not only shows the neatness of flower beds, but also strongly implies the richness of flowers and trees, which are both neat and not monotonous.
This quiet environment is intoxicating, so when the poet's eyes move from the flowers and trees in the courtyard to the mountains and rivers outside the courtyard, his thoughts will be so distant and elegant, so the following epigram was born. The scenery in front of the door is a river, a farmland and two green hills. In the poet's eyes, mountains and rivers also have feelings for this noble master. The poet personifies "one water" and "two mountains" into intimate images full of human feelings. Curved rivers surround lush farmland, just like a mother protecting her children with her hands. The words "protection" and "around" seem so affectionate. The castle peak in front of the door saw that the yard was so neat and tidy, and the owner loved beauty so much, and they also rushed to the owner's yard to add color: pushing the door and pushing in, offering a piece of green. The poet left a famous sentence with a stroke of genius.
"One Water" and "Two Mountains" have been transformed into kind images full of life and feelings, which will be told through the ages. But the last two sentences are widely read, mainly because of the following two points: first, personification and description are integrated into one, seamless. The word "one water to protect the field" is "around", and you can see the winding stream and the green farmland around it. Isn't this like a scene where a mother protects her child with both hands? With the word "protection", the expression of "surrounding" is very clear. As for the word "Pailu" before "Song Qing", it is even more ingenious. It not only wrote that the mountain was not only dark green, but also fascinating, but it seemed to pounce on the courtyard! This description gives readers a fresh and vivid aesthetic feeling. It also shows that the distance of the mountain is not far, just in front of Yang's compound, so it looks within reach. What is particularly touching is that the mountains are rushing, as if they had just rushed from a distance, excited and enthusiastic. These all capture the characteristics of the scenery, and all these descriptions are combined with full personification. The mood and purpose are exactly like the scene of "friends coming from afar": I was so anxious that I rushed into the yard to give gifts without knocking at the door. The two blend seamlessly, setting each other off into interest, both strange and natural. It is both tempered and carved, fresh and meaningful, and has a long charm. Second, these two poems also conform to the image of Yang Defeng. In Qianlian, you can already see Mr. Hu Yin who is noble in character and full of interest in life. Living only under the eaves of thatched roofs, he not only "sweeps", but also "sweeps for a long time" (that is, often sweeps), so that he is "quiet without moss"; "Flowers and trees grow beds", not by others, but by self-cultivation. It can be seen that he is quiet and refined, simple and hardworking. Such a noble literati, wandering between mountains and rivers, can certainly appreciate their beauty better than others and feel the closeness of "one water" and "two mountains"; The poet imagines that the mountains and rivers have feelings, and has already forged a profound friendship with Mr. Hu Yin. The title of the poem is "The Wall of Mr. Yin's Book Lake", which closely follows the theme and takes care of it everywhere, and also shows the depth of the poet's thought.
The personification of "one water" and "two mountains" in this poem is based on the characteristics of natural scenery and coincides with the specific content of life, so it is full of vitality and has become a famous sentence in ancient and modern times.
In terms of rhetorical skills, three or four sentences can also be used as examples. The poet uses antithesis, personification and metonymy to describe the scenery with emotion and interest.
Mountains and rivers are heartless things, but poets say that water "protects fields" and mountains "send green". Water has a sense of protection for the fields, and mountains have a sense of intimacy for people, which makes the originally lifeless landscape human, soft, lovely and vibrant. Originally, water was surrounded by green crops, but the poet did not say specific plants, but replaced them with plant colors, saying that "green will be surrounded" and surrounded by green; Cyan, which is also empty, can't be made, but the poet said that mountains should be "green", turning reality into emptiness and full of poetry. The fact is that Mr. Hu Yin's home is close to the mountain. As soon as the host opened the door, he saw the green mountain peak. But if it is written as a castle peak, there is no poetry at all. The poet put it another way, writing from the opposite side, taking the mountain as the subject, turning silence into action and creating a beautiful sentence. This is really ingenious and amazing.
Third, appreciate
This is a poem inscribed on the wall by Mr. Hu Yin. Mr. Hu Yin, that is, Yang Defeng, whose real name is Mr. Hu Yin, lives in Zhongshan, Nanjing, and Wang Anshi is both a good friend and a neighbor. This poem was obviously written by Wang Anshi when he lived in Zhongshan.
The first two sentences are about the scenery of Yang's courtyard, the first sentence is about the neatness of the courtyard, and the second sentence is about the beauty of the courtyard. The last two sentences are about the natural environment around Yangjia. This poem describes the beauty of Mr. Hu Yin's courtyard and environment, and also praises Mr. Hu Yin's good character and noble taste of loving thrift, cleanliness, flowers and trees, and natural landscapes.
The characteristic of this poem is that it blends scenery with writing people in one furnace. The whole poem describes the scenery, the first two sentences are the scenery of the courtyard, which is clean and without moss because of the owner's "long sweep", and "flowers and trees become beds" because of the owner's "self-planting", and the scenery also describes people. The following sentence describes the beauty of the natural environment: water "surrounds green" and mountains "send green". Mountains and rivers are heartless things, but poets say that water "protects fields" and mountains "send green". Water has a sense of protection for the fields, and mountains have a sense of intimacy for people, which makes the dead landscape human, soft and lovely, and full of vitality. Originally, water was surrounded by green crops, but the poet did not say specific plants, but replaced them with plant colors, saying that "green will be surrounded" and surrounded by green; Cyan is also empty and can't be sent, but the poet said that the mountain should be "green", which turned the reality into empty and full of poetry. The fact is that Mr. Hu Yin's home is close to the mountain. As soon as the host opened the door, he saw the green mountain peak. But if it is written as a castle peak, there is no poetry at all. The poet put it another way, put pen to paper from the opposite side, let the mountain become the main body, turn static into dynamic, and make it a beautiful sentence. People's temperament of caring for mountains and rivers is also reflected in it, which also reflects the owner's interest in mountains and rivers. Writing scenery is also about showing people, writing scenery to see people, people melting into the scenery, showing the beauty of objective scenery and writing the beauty of people. It's killing two birds with one stone.
The second is the use of foil and personification. If the beauty of the courtyard is artificially created, then the beauty of the environment is naturally created. The two set each other off and become interesting, forming a perfect realm of combining internal and external, artificial and natural beauty. Especially in the latter couplet, the book water is personified, and the castle peak brings beautiful scenery to the owner, but it accidentally breaks into the house, which combines the owner's love for natural scenery with the love of natural scenery for the owner, vividly showing the owner's interest in beauty, thus becoming a famous sentence.
Fourth, do not solve.
The "long sweep" in the first sentence has always been interpreted as: frequent cleaning, "long" means "ordinary", "thatched eaves" means courtyard, and "quiet" and "clean" mean the same thing. Because of frequent cleaning, the courtyard is clean without moss at all.
If you don't ask, this explanation makes sense because it has been used for hundreds of years. However, if we want to delve deeper and connect with life, we will find that this explanation is unreasonable.
It is hard to say that "Mao Yan" is a metonymic courtyard. If "sweeping" is regarded as cleaning, then borrowed ones should also clean; Substitutes should also be part of the cleaning. The yard can be cleaned, but the eaves can't be cleaned. Sorry, I often climb the ladder to sweep the eaves. Raise your hand if someone sweeps! If it's a tile eaves, if it's a cement eaves, it's okay to clean it, but the autumn wind can still sweep away the triple thatch on the house, and the thatch eaves can't be swept away. Sweep the house once and the thatch will come down. Sweep the house several times and the rain will leak. It is not appropriate to replace the courtyard with an unscannable "Mao Yan".
Even if "eaves" are allowed to replace "courtyard", it should not be "moss" swept in the courtyard. Moss grows in wet places and adheres to other objects. You can't sweep with a broom. The "moss mark" of Liu Yuxi's humble room does not mean that the sanitation of the humble room is not good. The health inspection team never grades whether there is moss. It is also inappropriate to use moss to explain that the yard is clean. In fact, some courtyards covered with moss are quiet and beautiful pursued by literati, which is also a kind of interest.
There are so many irrationalities that we have reason to re-examine that "the grass has long eaves and no moss."
The common meaning of "sweeping" is "sweeping", which means "removing dirt with a broom". It is explained that "thatched eaves" means courtyard, and "long" means regular, all for adapting to a kind of "sweeping", and it is not easy to find examples in other occasions. To see that "sweep" has another meaning, that is, painting, painting. Zhang Hu's poem "Gathering the Lingtai" "The color is too greasy and dirty, and the Emei is supreme." This "sweeping" is painting. Si Kongtu's "Snuff" Part II "It should be more joyful to fight for grass, and snuff cuts eyebrows." This "sweep" is also painting. Wang Jianzhi's book of Xue Tao School in Shuzhong: "The girl by the book bridge in Wanli School has loquat flowers behind closed doors. It is better to lead the spring breeze than to sweep your eyebrows. " This "sweep" is also painting.
Most people who explain "Mao Yan" have never lived in a cabin, so they made these excuses and left. It can be seen that it is to cater to the helplessness and coercion of "cleaning".
If we jump out of the common meaning of "sweeping" and choose "painting" to explain "thatched eaves with no moss", it can be interpreted as: eaves without moss are as long as a large sum. The grass used in the house is mostly under the tip, which is convenient for water flow; On the contrary, it will "scoop water", and water may enter it along the grass. House grass that has not been changed for many years will rot and contain water, and grow moss. The mossy house is dying. The eaves of the new house are naturally "moss-free". The grass in the new house is long and soft. If it is seen by literati, it is just a brush.
One of the reasons for this explanation is that there are many troubles, and the "dragon" is still the original "dragon" and "Mao Yan" is still the original "Mao Yan". Second, it is more poetic. An eaves without moss, a painting as long as a pen, poetic and literary. This is the reader's field of vision. In fact, "the eaves are long and clean without moss" means that the house is new; "Flowers and trees grow on the seedbed" means that the owner works diligently. The house is new and the flowers and trees are planted by hand, which means that the owner is full of enthusiasm for life.
The whole poem is about a fresh and quiet life. Reinterpretate the word "sweep" and make it a "painting", a metaphor full of movement and beauty. Compared with sweeping the yard, the tension of poetry is much greater.