Fables was the first scientist to study insects in the natural environment. He devoted his whole life to the insect world, observed and experimented with insects in the natural environment, and truly recorded the instinct and habits of insects, thus writing the great work of entomology, Insect Tale. Fabres's heart is full of love for life and praise for all things in nature. He observed the nature of insects with human nature, and the instinct, habit, labor, marriage, reproduction and death of insects were all permeated with humanistic care. Looking back at social life with the nature of insects, wise philosophical thinking comes to the fore. In his simple pen, a serious academic work, such as beautiful prose, can not only make people gain knowledge and ideas from it, but reading itself is a unique aesthetic process.
Entomology is not only immersed in awe of life, but also contains some spirit. That spirit is seeking truth, that is, pursuing truth and exploring truth. This is Faber's spirit. Without this spirit, there would be no entomology, and the tree of human spirit would lack a fruit of wisdom.
The Insect Story written by Fabres is famous all over the world. This masterpiece occupies a place in the history of French natural science and literature. This masterpiece expresses the wonderful and amazing spirituality of insects in struggle for existence. Fabres recorded his achievements and experiences in insect research all his life in the form of most essays, carefully observed the life of insects and the struggle of races for survival and reproduction, and guided the vast amount of evidence of natural science with humanistic spirit, making the insect world a literary form for human beings to acquire knowledge, interest, beauty and thoughts, and writing the topic of small insects into a masterpiece with multi-level significance and all-round value. Such a work is really unprecedented in the world. No entomologist has such brilliant literary expression ability, and no writer has such profound entomological attainments. The author of Entomology was praised as "the founder of animal psychology" by French and international academic circles at that time. In his later years, Fabres published the last volumes of Insect Tales, which won him many readers not only in France, but also in European countries and all over the world. Literature respectfully called him "Virgil of the insect world", and French academic and literary circles recommended Fabres as a candidate for Nobel Prize in Literature. Unfortunately, before the Nobel Committee made up its mind to award him this grand prize, the great poet who praised insects had died in his eyes.
Entomology has been translated into many languages and published. He is known as the "Insect Poet", and a large number of his works have been translated and published in China.
The Tale of Insects is a book written by Fabres. He spent his whole life observing the life of insects and their struggle for survival and reproduction, and then recorded his observations in detail and accurately. Insects has ten volumes, each volume contains several chapters, and each chapter describes the life of one or more insects in detail and profoundly: spiders, bees, mantis, scorpions, cicadas, beetles, crickets and so on.
Representative works of writers:
The Tale of Insects is a book written by Fabres. He spent his whole life observing the life of insects and their struggle for survival and reproduction, and then recorded his observations in detail and accurately. Ten volumes of entomology, each containing several chapters, each chapter describes the life of one or more insects in detail and profoundly: spiders, bees, mantis, scorpions, cicadas, beetles, crickets and so on.
The Life of Master fabrice
Childhood-adolescence
1823 65438+February 2 1 Born in Sa Wang Lei, an ancient village in the Lunag Mountains in southern France, the teacher in the village named him John Amway. Father Anthony (born in 1800) and mother Fekval (born in 1805).
1825 (two years old) My brother Franti lick was born.
1827 (3 years old) was fostered with her grandparents in Malabang village from 3 to 6 years old because her mother had to take care of her younger brother. This is a big farmhouse with many older children. He is a child with strong curiosity and memory. He once proved that light can be seen by his eyes and traced the insect singing in the leaves to dew. I like listening to grandma's stories before going to bed, but on cold winter nights, I often sleep with my sheep in my arms.
1830 (6 years old) returned to Sa Wang Lei village and entered the private school run by Teacher Lika. In class, pigs and chickens often run into the classroom for food. Write down the letters A, B, C ... from animal books, and become interested in insects and grass, and find the nest of the black-throated owl, and get the blue eggs in the nest. Under the persuasion of the priest, the eggs were put back in their original places. In order to increase the family income and help to look after the ducklings, they are responsible for rushing to the swamp for stocking, so as to discover the creatures and minerals such as crystals and mica in the swamp.
1833 (9 years old), the whole family moved to Rhodes town. My father made a living by running a coffee shop, and entered Wang Li College as an assistant for Wang Mi's retirement ceremony without paying tuition. When I was a student, I studied Latin and Greek, and I liked reading the poems of the ancient Roman poet Vilkki Reese.
1837 (13 years old), my father failed to run a coffee shop and his family moved to Torres. Enter Eskil Theological Seminary.
1838 (14 years old), my father's business failed again, moved to Mombelli, opened another shop, left home alone to sell lemons and became a railway worker. I once spent more than a day's salary buying Rubl's poems and taking them to vilen to read. Knowing all kinds of insects is my greatest pleasure. I felt very happy when I first caught the European cloud gill beetle.
Karban's Torah era
1839 (15 years old) was admitted to yaweinong normal school as the first public student. Accommodate at school. Because the content of the class is too boring, I often spend my self-study time observing the stings of wasps, the fruits of plants or writing poems. On Mount Ray sager, I saw the sacred dung beetles trying to push dung for the first time, and I was deeply moved.
1840 (16 years old) was scolded by the teacher for his poor grades. He completed three credits in two years and studied natural history, Latin and Greek freely for the rest of the year.
1842 (18 years old) After graduating from normal school, she became a teacher in Karban Tora Primary School with an annual salary of 700 francs. She was praised for her enthusiasm for teaching. My father failed in business and moved from Montpellier to Bordeaux.
1843 (19 years old) In the field investigation practice class, the students learned about the wallflower bee. It is also because of this kind of bee that I began to read Chronicles of Arthropods written by Blanche and Leomir, and I fell in love with Entomology.
1844 (aged 20) married her colleague Mary van Yael (aged 23). Study mathematics, physics, chemistry, etc. On your own. My father's coffee shop is closed again, and he is temporarily working in Karban Tora Tax Bureau.
1845 (2 1 year), the eldest daughter Elizabeth was born.
1846 (aged 22) Ai Lisha Bate passed away. Passed the mathematics entrance examination of Mombelli University. My brother Franti Lick became a primary school teacher.
1847 (aged 23) obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Mombelli University. The eldest son John was born.
1848 (at the age of 24) received a bachelor's degree in physics from Mombelli University.
John, the oldest male, died young. I really appreciate Tosnell's works about birds. I hope to teach in a university, but I have no chance.
Corsican era
1849 (25 years old) works as a physics teacher in Ajegsio National High School in Corsica, with an annual salary of 1800 francs. Facing the rich nature of Corsica, I began to study animals and plants. Besides, he is also very keen on mathematics. Climb every mountain in Corsica with botanist Lucia and collect plants.
1850 (26 years old), the second daughter Andrea was born.
185 1 year (27 years old), Monken Tatton, a professor of natural history at Toles University, came to Corsica. Tatton dissected the snail and showed it to Fabres. He discovered his excellent qualifications and urged him to study natural history hard. Since then, his interest has shifted from mathematics to natural history, and he decided to become a naturalist. At the end of the year, he returned to avignon to recuperate because of a fever. Lucia died suddenly in Corsica.
1852 (28 years old) returned to Ajegsio Middle School after recovering from illness.
Yawennong era
1853 (aged 29) became a physics assistant in avignon Normal School (later transformed into Lise Abenius National High School), with an annual salary of 1600 francs. Three daughters Alia were born.
1854 (aged 30) obtained a bachelor's degree in natural history from Toles University.
After reading a paper written by Ryan dufour about hunting bees-yellow-waisted native bees, he decided to study insect ecology. His potential is like lit firewood, burning. On the cliff in Tora, Karban, he studied tumor bees that preyed on weevils, corrected dufour's mistake and published a more in-depth paper.
1855 (3 1 year), four daughters, Claire, were born, and successively published some plant-related papers such as Observing the Flowers and Fruits of Pea Tree Plants in scientific journals.
1856 (32 years old) won the experimental physiology award of French bachelor's college for his research on tumor-bearing bees. Continue to study insects such as high-nosed bees and short-winged turnips, but because of the hardships of life, the research time is not much. Part-time tutor, tutor and other positions, began to study the extraction of dyes from madder.
On May 2,1,1857 (33 years old) found the larvae of short-winged turnips in the nest of striped bees, and published the paper "The Transformation of Turnips" and the paper on plants.
1858 (34 years old) learned that it is impossible to become a university professor without property and devoted himself to the research of madder dyes.
From 65438 to 0859 (at the age of 35), Darwin praised Fabres as a "rare observer" in his book On the Origin of Species.
The second male Jules was born. Curator of Rukia Museum. Inspector De Luyi visited and got to know botanist Duracole, then met British economist Miller who lived in avignon, and became a plant lover.
1862 (38 years old) The book of primary school was published by Anjie. I know Della klapp, president of Paris Press, and he encouraged me to write easy-to-understand scientific books.
1863 (39 years old), gave birth to three men, Amir, and Deleuil became the Minister of Education.
1865 (4 1 year-old), Dundu Mountain was in distress, and pasteur, a bacteriologist, made a door-to-door visit to give Della klapp scientific books such as Sky and Earth.
1866 (42 years old) successfully extracted dye pigment from madder, and was hired as a professor of physics at Avignon Normal School.
1867 (aged 43) was affirmed for his contribution to Vignon, and he won the Cagnel Prize of 9000 francs.
1868 (aged 44) was awarded the Medal of Ray Wang Zi Denur, and paid tribute to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte on the recommendation of Minister of Education Deluy. Be a lecturer in natural history and physics at night. The successfully developed madder dye will be industrialized. Shortly after the establishment of the factory, Germany completed the chemical synthesis of garlic thiamine dye, and the dream of industrialization of madder dye was dashed. The teaching method of public lectures was opposed by conservative educators and churches, so they fired the teaching staff of normal schools.
1869 (45 years old) at the instigation of conservatives, de Lehir resigned as minister of education.
Lan Ou JIU times
1870 (aged 46) borrowed money from Miller and moved to Lan Ou. Raising a family of seven is a heavy burden. Fortunately, popular science books are published one after another, and you can pay back the money bit by bit.
187 1 year-old (47 years old) lives a life of writing books and observing insects. This year, because of the German-French war, it was impossible to get royalties and manuscript fees on time, and life was even more difficult.
1872 (48 years old) Due to the introduction of Druai, the chemist Ma presented a microscope.
1873 (aged 49) Miller passed away. Forced to resign as director of Rukia Museum and protest to the mayor. He was awarded a silver medal by the Paris Society for the Protection of Animals, and his works in mathematics, plants and physics were asked one after another.
1877 (53 years old), the male Jules died, and three kinds of bees were named Florus native bee, Florus high-nosed bee and Florus cave bee for Jules in Latin.
1878 (54) was deeply hit by Jules' death, and his health was much worse than before. I almost died of pneumonia, but I was lucky to get through it with strong willpower.
The Complete Works of Entomology Volume 1 (The original contents include: sacred dung beetles pushes dung balls, tumor-dwelling bees catch weevils, and Langedoge cave bees catch short-winged owls, etc. ).
Alamas era
1879 (55 years old) moved because the landlord cut down two rows of buttonwood trees in front of Lan Ou's house. I found my ideal home outside Longlini village and named it "Almas" (meaning wasteland). There are many drought-tolerant and prickly plants in the courtyard of Almas, which is a paradise for all kinds of insects. On April 3rd, Insect Book 1 was published by Della klapp Publishing House. In the future, a book will be published about every three years.
1880 (56 years old) Science books are very popular, and some of them are designated as textbooks. A large number of scarab larvae were found in the dead leaves in Ulster's yard, so they began to study and observe their lives, and retired soldier Fabina served as his assistant.
188 1 year-old (57 years old) was appointed as a correspondent member (local member) of Paris College.
1882 (58 years old) The second book of insects was published. My elderly father moved in.
1885 (6 1 year-old) His wife Mary died (64 years old). Three girls, alea, are playing the role of mother and dealing with housework. Began to draw a "mushroom" picture with watercolor.
1887 (aged 63) married Josephine Doutie (aged 23) who was born in Longlini village. Became a correspondent member of the French entomological society and won the Delphi Award from the Alumni Association.
Josephine gave birth to four male Boers at 1888 (64 years old).
1889 (at the age of 65) won the Butch Delmonte Prize, the highest honor of the French Academy, and won the prize of 10000 francs.
1890 (66 years old) gave birth to five girls, Paolino.
189 1 year (67 years old) Four daughters Claire passed away.
1892 (aged 68) was awarded an honorary member of the Belgian entomological society.
1893 (aged 69) Father antonioni passed away (aged 93). I began to study the incredible ability of moths, and found that male moths can find female moths from far away because of a kind of "information divergence" from female moths, which is similar to the so-called "hormone" today. Fabers called May 6th, when moths gathered at home, "Moth Night", roasted the larvae of moths to eat, and fired cannons to test the cicada's hearing.
1894 (70 years old) was awarded honorary member of French entomological society. The habits of dung beetles, half-human dung beetles, beaked elephants and big scorpions were observed.
Anna was born in 1895 (7 1 year).
1897 (73 years old) educates three young children in Almas' home, and his wife Josephine also takes part in this class.
1898 (74 years old) The second daughter Andrea died.
1899 (75 years old) Because there are many imitations on the market, his science books are no longer designated as teaching materials, so his royalties are reduced and his life is in trouble again.
1902 (78 years old), in order to raise three young children, he began to take out royalties and manuscript fees deposited in the publishing house, and was awarded an honorary member of the Russian entomological society.
1905 (8 1 year), the French Academy awarded the Junior Award and received a pension of 3,000 francs.
1907 (83 years old), entomology was published in 10, but the sales volume was not good. Student Dr. Legro proposed to hold a celebration ceremony for the 30th anniversary of the publication of Insects, and found that Mr. fabrice's life was even more miserable than he expected.
1908 (84 years old) Thanks to the efforts of Mistola, a poet in Brobanes, Fables' contribution was affirmed and he received a pension of 1500 francs.
1909 (85 years old) Write the Entomology Volume 1 1 (Research on fireflies, cabbage caterpillars, etc. ), and the body is very weak, so I published a collection of poems. He was awarded the title of "Poet of Brobanes" by Albus.
19 10 on April 3rd (86 years old), at the appeal of Mistola, students, friends and readers were called to hold a celebration ceremony. This day was designated as "fabrice Day", and "Tales of Insects" became famous all over the world, winning the Medal of Ray Wang Zi Denur (one level higher than last time) and a pension of 2,000 francs again. He was awarded the Forest Award by stech Holm Bachelor College and received many donations from home and abroad. All thank-you letters were returned, except those donated to poor families with unknown addresses.
19 12 (88 years old) His wife Josephine died (48 years old) and was taken care of by Alia and the monastery nurse Anthony Enu. Thierry, Minister of Public Affairs, visited.
19 13 (89 years old) President Boancare paid a visit to pay tribute to Fabres on behalf of French nationals.
19 14 (90 years old) Emile and his brother Franti lick died one after another.
19 15 (9 1 year) In May, with the support of his family, he sat in a chair and walked around the yard for the last time. 10 years1October 7th, uremia worsened. 65438+ 10 month 1 1 passed away. On June 16, he was buried in Longlini Cemetery, and mantis snails came to see him off.
192 1 year, with the efforts of Congressman Rugolo, the government bought the Almas, preserved it under the name of "Almas Fabres", and hired Alia and Bohr to manage it.
Now, Pina Dioghi is running this place.
At the initiative of Mrs. Kabardino, a primary school teacher in Sa 'Wang Lei, fabrice's home was preserved in the form of a museum.