What is frontier poems? Poetry with the theme of military and civilian life and natural scenery in the frontier. It is generally believed that frontier poems first developed in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, flourished in the Sui Dynasty, and entered the golden age of development in the Tang Dynasty. According to statistics, there were less than 200 frontier poems before the Tang Dynasty, and more than 2,000 frontier poems were included in The Whole Tang Poetry.
First, the frontier poems of Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties
Overview:
Reflect the hardships of the border war and the yearning for women. Poetry genre is mainly Yuefu poetry. Representative works include Chen Lin's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing, Bao Zhao's People Traveling to the North Gate, Cai Yan's Eighteen Beats of Hu San, Poems of Sorrow and Indignation, Xu Ling's Guan Shanyue and Wang Bao's Crossing Hebei.
Second, frontier poems in Sui Dynasty
Overview:
Frontier fortress themes are more common, and even many poets sing frontier fortress poems on the same topic. There are both aria and quatrains in poetry genre. Although the number is small and there are no first-class writers, it promotes the development of frontier poems. Representative works are: Join the Army by Lu Sidao and Go Out by Xue Daoheng.
Third, frontier poems in Tang Dynasty.
(1) Overview:
1, frontier poetry and frontier poetry school
Frontier poems are the main theme of Tang poetry, the most profound, imaginative and artistic part of Tang poetry. Some writers who have personal frontier life experience and military life experience write with personal experience; Other poets created new works with Yuefu's old poems. The number of participants and the number of poems are unprecedented in the previous generation. His creation has experienced four stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang. Among them, frontier poems in the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty are full of high-spirited and vigorous style, with the strongest artistry. Luo was one of the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty. He wrote a lot of frontier poems in the early Tang Dynasty. On the one hand, his frontier poems have a wide range of themes, including: a. Frontier scenery; B, the hard life of border guards; C, the ambition to kill the enemy and serve the country and make contributions; D, homesickness of border guards. It not only covers most areas of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but also has a high style. Since then, other famous poets, such as Yang Jiong and Du Fu, have also created frontier poems. The creation of frontier poems once became a fashion.
The prosperous Tang Dynasty was the heyday of frontier poetry creation, and the famous frontier poetry school appeared, with representative poets such as Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling, Li Qi and Wang Wei. Gao Zhi's seven-character poems, such as Yan Ge Xing, Cenzhi's Bai Xuege and Zou Ma Zhuan Xing, represent the bold, bold, bold and romantic aesthetic style of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition, Li Bai and Du Fu, great poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, also wrote frontier poems, which became part of their representative works. For example, Li Bai's Guan Shanyue, Six Poems of Xia Sai, The Battle of the South of the City, Popular in the North ... Du Fu's Car Shop, The First Nine Embankments, The Last Six Embankments and so on. Other poets also have excellent frontier poems handed down from ancient times, such as Wang Changling's "Out of the Frontier" and "Joining the Army", Wang Zhihuan's "Out of the Frontier" and Wang Han's "Liangzhou Ci". Poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty became the climax of frontier fortress poetry creation. Since then, the number of frontier poems in the middle and late Tang Dynasty is small, but the theme has been expanded.
trait
Broad image: writing in a big place, writing strange feelings and strong scenery.
The tone is high: the momentum is smooth and full of sublimity.
Good genre: excellent songs and rhymes.
Aesthetic Style of Frontier Poems in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty
Through the above analysis, we can sum up the aesthetic style of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, including: vigorous, majestic, bold, romantic, tragic and magnificent.
Frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty embody a kind of masculine beauty. In frontier fortress poems, on the one hand, the cruelty of war and the harsh environment are expressed by exaggeration and contrast, such as "the life and death of soldiers in the first half", "the golden battle wears golden armor" and "several surviving watchmen by the lonely wall at sunset". On the other hand, frontier poems highlight the great spiritual strength of people rushing out in the face of war. Among them are: unyielding will and confidence to win, the lofty sentiments of defending our country and our country, and the ambition of establishing fame on the battlefield. For example, "Don't break Loulan, don't return it"; "I am willing to be a sword under my waist, just to cut Loulan"; "Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame". These two aspects are both opposite and unified. The tension caused by the unity of opposites makes poetry have eternal charm, and the sense of sublimity in poetry has become the strongest voice of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.
Landscape poetry originated from Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty (Song Dynasty), and pastoral poetry originated from Tao Yuanming in the Jin Dynasty, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran in the Tang Dynasty. This kind of poetry is good at describing natural scenery, pastoral scenery and comfortable seclusion. Poetry and painting are meaningful and beautiful, the style is quiet and elegant, the language is beautiful and refined, and the line drawing technique is used.
Landscape pastoral poetry belongs to the category of landscape poetry, focusing on singing landscape pastoral in natural scenery. Landscape pastoral poetry formed a poetic monument in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. As for the counterexamples of more landscape poems than pastoral poems, it is not very prominent. Ancient excellent pastoral poetry is an artistic representation of the natural beauty of mountains and waters, so it has strong artistic appeal and gives people beautiful enjoyment. The main feature of this kind of poetry is that "all scenery words are sentimental words", that is, the natural scenery written by the author is integrated with the author's subjective feelings, or the scenery is used to express feelings, or the scene is blended. The main representatives of landscape pastoral poetry are Xie Lingyun, Tao Yuanming, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli. Li Bai, Du Fu, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi also have a large number of excellent works describing landscapes.