Cranes first appeared in the Book of Changes and the Book of Songs. In Book of Changes Zhongfu 92, there is a remark that "He Ming is in the shade, harmonious with Zi, I have a good title, and I am frustrated with him". What is the inscription in The Book of Songs Xiaoya? Scholars of past dynasties believe that both Zhouyi and heming have strong moral or political symbolic significance. "He Ming is in the shade, and his son is in harmony" is a symbol. If you are sincere, things should respond. If I have a good title, then things should be responded in good faith.
In the allusions about cranes, the contents that have an important influence on later poetry creation can be roughly divided into three systems. The first is historical records. According to Zuo Zhuan, the second year: "Wei. Wei Yigong is a good crane, and cranes have their own visitors. If people want to fight, they all say,' cranes really have a place. How can I fight?' "From this period of history, cranes have the symbolic meaning of powerful pets. The second is fairy tales. There are many records about cranes in fairy tales, among which the most influential is the record of meeting people by cranes in Legend of the Immortal and the legend of Ding Xuexian returning to cranes in the first book of Soushen Postscript. Since then, cranes have become a symbol of immortals riding horses and learning from immortals. The legend of this system has the greatest influence on poetry. It cooperates with Historical Records, resulting in an extremely contradictory nature, that is, it is both a fairy in the divine world and a pet of the powerful, and elegance and vulgarity are integrated. Many poets use the double symbol of crane to express all kinds of complicated feelings. For example, Wu Yun's "Crane in front of the division pool" in the Southern Dynasties revealed the ambivalence of talented scholars and scribes as aristocratic aides: "Rice, beams and benefits are all important, and Huachi is also deep. Wynn can't go, and he has no heart. " How to choose the advantages of Daoliang, the experience of Huachi, Wynn's love and Jianghai's ambition? This is a common problem for intellectuals in feudal society. In Feeling the Crane, Bai Juyi once deeply regretted the degradation of some cranes and expressed deep indignation: the crane, which was originally a "chastity Geng Jie", became ugly because of its "lust": "It is pregnant with rice and beams, fighting for the fishy smell; You love not only your master, but also your kite. " Bai Juyi expressed a chilling feeling about this: "The nature of things is unknown, and sex sometimes moves. If you are full, you can take the doctor's pavilion. " Environment can really change nature. By the Qing Dynasty, this situation had further developed and changed. In Liu Xianting's poem "Flying a Crane", when the owner released the crane according to its Shan Ye quality and mind, he found that the long-term parasitic life made it unable to adapt to the wandering and self-sufficient life in the Jianghu. It can only go back to its owner again and beg to go back to the cage, and the owner's answer is that there are too many cranes and too few pets, so it is impossible to foster. This degradation of cranes is really a painful tragedy for intellectuals in China.
In this system, the symbolic meaning of cranes still has many buds. According to "The Postscript of Searching for God", Ding once sang: "There are birds and Ding, and the people are different after a thousand years. Why not learn from the immortal tomb? " In this way, the crane has become a symbol of much transformed things. Yuan Haowen's "Crane on February 15th" skillfully used the symbolic meaning of crane, expressing his deep sorrow and indignation at the decline of the country and the "disharmony between the city and the people", and made a very important contribution to the excavation and deepening of the theme of praising cranes.
In addition, it is the early folk Yuefu creation that has a great influence on the poems about cranes. In Yuefu poems, some themes related to cranes are often used to express the feelings of lovesickness between men and women, which is related to the background of these songs. For example, Cui Bao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times said that Farewell to Crane Fuck was also written by Gao Lingzi Mu. If you have been married for five years and have no children, your father and fraternity will remarry for it. When the wife heard this, she leaned against the house in the middle of the night and cried sadly. The shepherd was sad and sad when he heard this. He sang,' You will be better than tomorrow, mountains and rivers are sad, and the road is long and Xiu Yuan is Xi.' Future generations will forget because of music. "So the cranes in Yuefu ancient poems often appear in the image of other cranes and sick cranes. Poets describe their feelings of loneliness, depression and missing, express sympathy for lovers who are forced to separate, and often express their feelings. Representative works include Bao Zhao's Farewell Crane Exercise and Shen Yue's Night Crane. In later poems, the influences of these three systems merged and crossed with each other, resulting in more complicated meanings, which further developed the poems related to cranes.
The legend of the crane in fairy tales and its unusual eye-catching appearance: red crown, white feathers, whistling in the sky and dancing in the air all make it look superior and refined, reminiscent of the quiet and magical fairy world and aloof and noble character. This provides an excellent theme for poets, who often use cranes to compare people or themselves. In a large number of social poems related to cranes, it is a common practice to use cranes as symbols to praise friends and show politeness. Among these poems, Luo's "Farewell to the Crane in Benford" and "Fan Shucheng's Death of the Shahe River in Nanxi to Visit Yangzhou" can be said to be of exemplary significance, because they both make full use of the allusion of cranes and express farewell, wishes, praise and even aspirations within a limited scope. It is more common to take cranes as metaphors. Poets often use images such as sick cranes and lonely cranes to express the dilemma of flying too high to get what they want. Such as Qian Qi's The Sick Crane, Wang Jian's Farewell Crane, and Meng Jiao's The River.
Because the crane is a legendary fairy riding, it has a superior and refined appearance, so it has been the favorite pet of people who live in seclusion in the mountains or celebrities who have a desire to live in seclusion for generations. Among the poets, at least Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Pi Rixiu, Zhang and others have raised cranes. Lin Bu is unmarried for life and accompanied by Mei's wife. There are many poems about cranes around the cranes that everyone keeps. In particular, Bai Juyi's trip to Luoyang with two cranes and Pi Rixiu's sudden death of cranes attracted a large number of poets' works and became two great stories in the literary world. Therefore, cranes are often one of the symbols of seclusion in mountains and villages. Poets often use the image of cranes to create the artistic atmosphere of rural houses and express the emotional tone of leisure. In this regard, a large number of excellent works have appeared. He Tian in Tang Dynasty and Song He by Dai Shulun. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were many similar poems. For example, Miao Jian's "Ode to a Crane": "The green hills are built with bamboo fences, like a hermit's house. I love the green window wind, Japan and the United States, and cranes comb flowers lightly. " Through the beautiful spring scenery in the countryside, it embodies the leisure and ease of Lin Quan hermit. Ye Yun Chao He Mian: "Deep in the smoke tip, the feathers are stable, and the standard grid is lonely. I am afraid of waking up after listening to the piano and crossing a nest of clouds. " The cloud crane sleeps in the depths of the smoke tip, and the occasional piano sound sets off the elegance and tranquility of the environment and the nobility of the owner. These are the important roles of cranes in China's traditional poems.
Historically, cranes have been loved by nobles and countless ordinary people, and many excellent poems have been produced around them. Reading these poems today will undoubtedly play a good role in cultivating noble sentiments, cultivating elegant conduct and enriching our own historical and cultural knowledge.
I hope you can use it. And accept it.
Idiom about cranes: Mei's wife and cranes stand out from the crowd. Crane is old, crane grows, crane is old, crane grows, crane grows, crane grows, crane is lonely, crane stops dancing, crane is ashamed and so on. .
Poetry: Richness, riding a crane to Yangzhou. The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower.