Qian Bao (about 282-351), whose courtesy name was Lingsheng, was from Xincai (now Xincai County, Henan Province), and later moved to Lingquan Township, Yanguan, Haining (now Zhejiang). Writer and historian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Qian Bao had read extensively since he was a child. During the reign of Emperor Jin and Yuan, he served as a historian and was ordered to compile the history of the country. Later, he was promoted by Wang Dao to Situ Youchangshi and promoted to the rank of regular attendant of Sanqi. In addition to being proficient in history, Qian Bao was also good at learning Yi, which laid the foundation for his later writing of "Sou Shen Ji". "Sou Shen Ji" is a fantasy novel that has a profound influence in the history of Chinese novels and is called "the originator of Chinese fantasy novels". The so-called strange novels, as Mr. Lu Xun said: "The strange stories of people in the Six Dynasties were mostly the same as today's journals and news, and they were not intended to be novels at that time." It records a large number of ancient myths, legends and anecdotes, and the content is It is vivid and rich, with twists and turns in the plot and high artistic value.
He has written many works, including "Sou Shen Ji", "Zhouyi Notes", "On the Changes of Five Qi", "On Monsters", "On Mountain Migration", "Situ Yi", " "Zhou Guan Rites Notes", "Jin Ji", "Qianzi", "Spring and Autumn Preface", "Hundred Records Poems", etc. Basic introduction Real name: Qianbao Font size: Zilingsheng Era: Eastern Jin Ethnic group: Han Birthplace: Xincai (now Xincai County, Henan Province) Date of birth: 282 Years of death: 351 years Major works: "Sou Shen Ji" 》Main achievements: The originator of Chinese fantasy novels Occupation: Sanqi Changshi Beliefs: Taoist characters' lives, historical records, character influence, evaluation, writings, achievements, family members, Haiyan Qian's family motto, character's life Qian Bao was born in an officialdom His grandfather Qian Tong was an official of Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period, rising to the rank of General Fenwu and the title of Tinghou; his father Qian Ying was also an official of Soochow, rising to the rank of Danyang County Magistrate. Qian Bao has been diligent and studious since he was a child, and is well-read. With his talent, he was recruited and appointed by the court as Zuozhuang. In the third year of Jianxing (315), Qian Bao was awarded the title of Marquis of Guannei by the imperial court for his contribution in quelling Du Tao's rebellion. According to historical records, since the first year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (307), Qian Bao first served as an official in Yanguan Prefecture (a subordinate official of the governor). Later, due to the rebellion of Liu Cong and Shi Le, the Western Jin Dynasty fell and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was established. The north and the south faced each other. Bao's family moved to Lingquan Township, Yanguan, Haining (now the junction of Wufeng Village, Huangwan, Haining, Zhejiang, and Liuzhong Village, Kanpu, Haiyan). In the fourth year of Yongjia (310), his father died and was buried in the sun of Qingshan Mountain in Kanpu. Qian Bao paid filial piety to his father. By the time of the third generation, he moved to Meiyuan (now Tongyuan, Haiyan, Zhejiang). In the first year of Jianwu (317), it was the early days of the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and there was no historian. Wang Dao, the supervisor of the Zhongshu, wrote: "The deeds of all emperors must be recorded and written into classics to be passed down to future generations forever. Emperor Xuan conquered the world. Emperor Wu complied with the destiny and accepted the abdication of Cao Wei. His great merits were comparable to those of ancient sage kings. However, their biographies were not found in the imperial treasury, and their kindness was not written into songs by His Majesty. The king of Zhongxing should start to establish the history of the country, write the chronicle of the emperor, record the great achievements of the ancestors in the first chapter, and record the achievements of the generals in the second chapter. They must be recorded truthfully to set standards for future generations, satisfy the wishes of the whole country, and make people and gods happy. This is undoubtedly The foundation of long-term peace and order in the world. Therefore, we should set up historians and order the author Lang Qianbao and others to gradually write collections." Emperor Sima Rui of Jin Yuan Dynasty adopted this suggestion. As a result, Qian Bao became responsible for writing the history of the country. At that time, Qian Bao requested to be appointed as the county magistrate of Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) because of his poor family, and was later appointed as the prefect of Shi'an (now Guilin, Guangxi). In the first year of Taining (323), Director Wang asked Qian Bao to serve as his Situ Youchangshi, and he was promoted to the rank of regular attendant of Sanqi. He wrote "Jin Ji" in the fifty-three years from Emperor Xuan of Jin Dynasty to Emperor Min of Jin Dynasty. He compiled 20 volumes and presented them to the imperial court. The book is concise and clear, tells historical facts directly, and manages to be euphemistic in tone. People praise Gan Bao as a good historian. In the first year of Xianhe (326 years), his mother Huan died and was buried in the southwest corner of Lingquan. Qianbao resigned from office to observe filial piety for his mother. In the fourth year of Xianhe (329), he returned to the imperial court. In the first year of Yonghe (345), Qianbao became an official. In the autumn of the seventh year of Yonghe (351), Qian Bao died and was buried in the back garden of Lingquanli. The imperial court specially issued a ministerial order to worship the academy. Historical Records "Book of Jin·Volume 82·Biography 52" Character Influence Evaluation Qian Bao is a famous historian and writer in ancient my country, and he is also a master of novelists. His collection of short stories about supernatural beings, "Sou Shen Ji", has had a profound influence on the history of Chinese novels and is known as the originator of Chinese supernatural novels. Qian Bao was knowledgeable and wrote extensively, spanning the classics, history, Zi, and Ji. He could be called a well-known person in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. So far, relevant experts have collected 26 kinds of Qianbao books, nearly 200 volumes. Works Jin Ji "Jin Ji" has 20 volumes. It is straightforward and can be euphemistic. It was called a good history at the time and was highly praised by later historians. Legend has it that Qian Bao was reborn after the death of his father and his maidservant, and that his brother's spirit was revived, so he compiled stories about gods and monsters into "Sou Shen Ji". He claimed in the preface: "Although the research was based on the records and the collection was lost at that time, it cannot be seen by one's own ears and eyes, and I dare to say that it is not true!" This book is an achievement in the weird novels of the Wei and Jin Dynasties in my country. The highest masterpiece, it preserves many ancient folk legends, such as "Gan Jiang Moye", "Acacia Tree", "Dong Yong Sells His Body", "Li Ji Kills the Snake", etc., which has a profound influence on later generations of literature and art.
In the famous works such as "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", and "A Dream of Red Mansions", many scenes and descriptions are derived from "Sou Shen Ji" And the essence. The story of "Forging Swords" by Lu Xun, a master of modern literature, is taken from "The Tombs of Three Kings" in "Sou Shen Ji", and there are many examples of this. "Sou Shen Ji" In addition, the influence of "Sou Shen Ji" is also reflected in other fields of literature. In terms of drama, the well-known "Heavenly Match" and "Acacia Tree" are similar to the characters in "Sou Shen Ji". "Dong Yong" and "Han Ping's Wife" have a direct relationship; as for the Yuan drama "Dou E's Injustice", its context can be directly traced back to "The Filial Wife of the East China Sea" in "Sou Shen Ji". In terms of poetry, the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" describes how Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty missed Concubine Yang day and night after her death, and asked a Taoist priest to use magic to see her soul. The plot is taken from "Li Shaoweng" in "Sou Shen Ji" . Others: "Spring and Autumn Zuo Shi Yi Wai Zhuan", also annotated dozens of articles such as "Book of Changes" and "Zhou Guan", and there are four volumes of collected works. There are 20 volumes of "Sou Shen Ji" in existence today, which were compiled by later generations, and "Ji Ji" also had a Qing edition. In addition, there was a Xinjiang version of "Feng Shen Bang" signed by Qian Bao, which was earlier than the Ming Dynasty. Achievements Qian Bao Shao studied diligently and read a lot of records. He was called as an assistant writer with his talents. He was also given the title of Marquis of Guannei for his contribution in pacifying Du Tao's rebellion. When Emperor Jin and Yuan came to the throne, he did not appoint a historian. Instead, he was recommended by Wang Dao, the supervisor of Zhongshu, and Qian Bao "began to lead the history of the country". "Because the family was poor and wanted to make up for the Shanyin order, he moved to Shi'an to be the prefect. Wang Dao asked him to be Situ You, the chief historian, and moved Sanqi to serve as a permanent servant." ("Book of Jin·Qian Bao Zhuan") He has done research on history and wrote "Jin Ji". "Book of Jin" said: "His book is simple, straightforward and euphemistic, and he is praised as a good history"; "Wen Xin Diao Long" praised "Qian Bao's chronicle to review and correct the order"; "Shi Tong" praised "It is clear and reasonable" achievement". Qian Bao "had good yin and yang skills, and he remembered the biographies of Jingfang, Xia Housheng, etc.", "collected similarities and differences, mixed reality and reality", "collected the changes of ancient and modern gods and supernatural figures", and compiled thirty volumes of "Sou Shen Ji", " He also wrote the "Chun Qiu Zuo Shi Yi Wai Zhuan", which annotated dozens of articles in the "Book of Changes" and "Zhou Guan", as well as collections of essays. . "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" contains: "Zhouyi" in ten volumes, Jin Sanqi Changdai Qianbao annotated it, and "Zhouyi Yaoyi" in one volume, Qianbao wrote, Liang You's "Zhouyi Zongtu" in four volumes, Qianbao Written by. Among them, "Zongtu of Zhouyi" and "Zhizhi of Sui Dynasty" have been lost, and neither of them are recorded in Tang Zhizhi. The two books "Zhouyi Notes" and "Zhouyi Yaoyi" are both included in the two Tang annals. In addition, "Classic Interpretation·Preface", "Song History·Art and Literature Brief·Jing Lei" and Hu Yigui's "Zhouyi Enlightenment Biography" also record ten volumes of "Zhouyi Commentary". According to the records of "Cefu Yuangui", two volumes of "Wennan of Zhouyi" and two volumes of "Xuanpin of Zhouyi" were also written by Qianbao. Xiang Gaomo, Zhu Yizun, Ma Guohan and others all believed in it. However, "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" clearly stated that the two volumes of "The Book of Changes" were written by Wang, and the two volumes of "The Book of Changes Yuanpin" were not written by the author. Therefore, Taiwanese scholars Huang Qingxuan and others have written about "The Book of Changes" and "The Book of Changes Xuanpin". "The textual research that the two books were not written by Qian Bao is true (see "The Research on Yi Xue Shu in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" 9). Qian Bao's Yixue works are all lost today. His notes on "Yi" are mainly found in "Jijie of Zhouyi" by Li Dingzuo of the Tang Dynasty and Lu Deming's "Classic Commentary". There is a compilation by later generations, "In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a massacre of Zeng, and it was first compiled and lost. During the Ming Dynasty, Sun Xun reedited it, and his book was engraved in "Yanyi Zhilin", which is now Sun Tang's "Twenty-One Changes of Han and Wei Dynasties" It was supplemented and revised based on the "Notes", Wu Jin and Zhang Huiyan later included it in "Yiyi Bielu", Licheng Ma Guohan and Gan Quanhuang also used it to refer to the school's journal, and it was included in "Yuhan Shanfang Collection Lost Books" and "Hantang Series" . The three editions compiled by Sun, Ma, and Huang have detailed outlines of each other. However, Ma and Huang Duo have two things, and Sun Duo has seven things. Compared with the pros and cons, Sun's version is superior." (Shang Binghe's words, see "Summary of the General Catalog of the Complete Collection of Siku") In addition, according to records in other classics: Qian Bao also wrote: "Yi Yin", "Mao Shiyin", "Zhou Guan Li Annotation", "Reply to Zhou Guan's Refutation" "Difficulties", "Zhou Guanyin", "Hou Yangyi", "Zuo Shi's Letters and Meanings in the Spring and Autumn Period", "Preface to the Spring and Autumn Period", "Zhengyin", "Li Yan", etc. General Commentary on the Jin Dynasty Qianbao's "Jin Chronicle" has been lost, but the "General Commentary on the Jin Chronicle" is now preserved in "Selected Works". Family members Grandfather: Qian Tong, General Fenwu of Soochow, and Marquis Ting of the capital. Father: Qian Ying, Cheng of Danyang County, Soochow. Haiyan Qian's family motto Haiyan Qian's family was originally from Xincai, Henan. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Qian Bao moved to Haiyan. Qian Bao was called a writer because of his profound talent and learning. His writings are extensive, involving the classics, history, zi and ji, and he can be called a well-versed man of culture. His strange novel "Sou Shen Ji" is the pioneer work of Chinese novels and has a profound influence on the creation of later novels. Qian Bao is therefore known as the originator of Chinese novels. The genealogy of the Qian family in Haiyan was compiled starting from the fifth generation grandson Qianpu, with Qianbao as the ancestor of Haiyan. The genealogy was revised three times. In 1991, Sun Qiannaijun, the 48th descendant of Qian Bao, spent 10 years compiling a new "Qian Family Genealogy". There are eight family mottos of the Qian family. The main themes are divided into family lessons, mind lessons, body lessons, people lessons, life lessons, etc. The content is divided into advocating harmony, teaching lessons, avoiding jealousy, advocating chastity and righteousness, refraining from unemployment, Be humble, keep your counsel, and choose friends. Qian particularly emphasized that in the family motto, "the above eight maxims all follow the ancestral precepts. In view of the decline of the family, I summarized them and memorized them in summary. If future generations can follow the ancestral precepts and never forget them, it will also be enough to honor our lineage." "Ye." It is required that the descendants can conduct themselves according to the family motto, manage the family, and honor the ancestors. Haiyan is an important place where Qian's descendants thrive. In the Song Dynasty, Qian Songnian and Qian Bainian lived in Yan, but in the 23rd century, they crossed south from Song Gaozong, first moving to Sizhou, then to Lingzhili, Wulin County, and then to Nanliangli, Qiantang. , Yuan soldiers went south and moved back to Haiyan to live.
Today, the Haiyan Qian family mainly lives in Shendang, Tongyuan, Kanpu and Liuli, and has fifty-two generations of descendants.