1. Clarify the concept. The writing outline is to list the content to be written in the composition in an orderly manner in concise language through pre-conception. The significance of writing an outline is: 1. To ensure that the composition sticks to the topic and does not make principled errors in the "major right and wrong" of the composition; 2. To build the skeleton of the composition and ensure the clarity of the overall writing idea. Some students think that although writing an outline is "pleasant", it is "effortful" and "time-consuming", and may even affect the speed of completing the composition. This is a misunderstanding. As everyone knows, the overall structure and writing ideas reflected in the outline can even affect the evaluation of the level of the entire article. This "power" must be "expensive", and "sharpening the knife will not miss the woodcutter". Having an outline is like having a frame for building a house. No matter how you build the walls, they won't fall. What's more, there are two basic forms of outlining. One is the "writing outline" when there is plenty of time, that is, the written outline; the other is the "abdominal outline" in the emergency state, which is the composition outline in the brain, which can be dealt with according to the situation on the spot. Yuru. 2. Classification of writing outlines According to the relationship between the various levels of the main content, it can be divided into the following categories: 1. Horizontal Case 1 - "Taking Water as a Mirror" Begins with the wonderful saying of "Taking Copper as a Mirror" by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty The discussion leads to his own point of view of "taking water as a mirror to read life". Text: Level 1 People are like water, whichever is calmer and softer. This is based on the free and easy argument that Jiang Ziya, who was ninety years old, never encountered magpies and was as calm as water, and Zhuangzi wandered along the Pu River. Second level People are like water, take it as pure as possible. Wang Anshi, who "doesn't let the clouds cover his eyes, just because he is at the top", and Yu Qian, who says "the breeze blows with your sleeves toward the sky, don't talk about shortcomings and good points". Third level: People are like water, whichever is more agile and flowing. A benevolent person enjoys mountains, and a wise person enjoys water. Zhou Enlai, who turned the tide in the chaos, and Churchill, who strategized in the party struggle, are the arguments. Ending: Extend the theme and express the clear and long-lasting wish in your heart. Case 2 - "Touched" Beginning: I always write about the ups and downs of life and how moved I am. I am always moved by many people and things in my life. Text: Picture 1: Family love is priceless. It is expressed through the story of an ordinary family that has suffered successive misfortunes and endured many hardships, but finally ushered in the first glimmer of light in life. Picture 2 Friendship is fearless. The friendship between Yuan and Bai, between Li and Du, and between Marx and Engels demonstrated the power of friendship. Picture 3 Love is invincible. The love of Butterfly Lovers, the love of Romeo and Juliet, the love of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao shine with infinite charm. Ending: Summary point - people are not grass and trees, who can be ruthless, no matter family, friendship or love, as long as it is sincere, it will move people and become an eternal landscape. 2. Vertical Case Three - "Abandoning Corruption and Cultivating Integrity" Beginning: In the Spring and Autumn Period, people rarely tolerate talents that are beyond the pale, and the monk Shibaozhai thought about what is greedy. Subject: Level 1 Where does greed come from? Use Kant's "Greed is the endless desire in the human heart for external things" as a citation and explanation. Second Floor This desire is all-encompassing and has many names. List the manifestations and harms of greed such as greed for sex, greed for money, greed for alcohol, and greed for power. Level 3 How to keep yourself from being greedy and honest? Take Bao Zheng's uprightness in his heart, hatred in the present, and his charm of personality to exhaust Sangzi, and Ren Changxia's impartial law enforcement and caring for the people as examples to summarize the methods to eliminate corruption. Ending: Conclude with the ancient saying "Go straight and all evil will cease" to express our expectations for the new Qingming ethos. The above text follows the idea of ??"what-why-how" and goes in depth step by step. 3. Central idea type Professor Chen Miaoyun mentioned in the lecture that “write around the ‘central idea’ when writing.” This “central idea” written before writing can also be understood as another form of writing outline. Case 4: Comparing the attitudes of Germany and Japan towards World War II and the anti-Japanese actions of some Chinese citizens, it is proved that true commemoration should be rational. Case 5: I express my sincere commemoration of my deceased mother through three ways: changing my untidy habits, caring for my sister, and growing my hair in braids. 3. Notes on outline writing 1. Based on an accurate understanding of the composition requirements, initially establish the theme (central idea) of the article to be written, and then proceed to the outline. That is to say, writing an outline and reviewing the questions are combined. 2. Determine whether the direction of the main structure is vertical or horizontal based on the amount and type of materials mastered. Generally speaking, if there is a lot of material but it is difficult to conduct a more in-depth analysis, a horizontal outline is suitable; if there is a small amount of material but it is difficult to dig deep into the source, a vertical outline is suitable. 3. Accumulate a series of standard yet flexible sentence patterns for writing outlines to meet the emergent needs of writing essays (suitable for argumentative essays). For example, single sentence: "... is...", "... makes... become..." Compound sentence: "... is not... but..." "Rather than..." "Even though..." "It's because "..." "If... then" and other sentence patterns with figures of speech: metaphorical sentences:...like...,...just like...; hypothetical questions; rhetorical questions; dual sentences, etc. 4. Pay special attention to the consideration of the outline Places: title, beginning, topic sentence or introductory sentence of each paragraph (level), end. 5. When designing the introductory sentence (introduction sentence at the beginning of the paragraph, topic sentence), pay attention to the relevance of the outline sentence, and try to list the materials used in the outline level (suitable for argumentative essays). 6. The outline should be practical so that you can understand the outline of the article at a glance. It is best to reach the point where "you can start writing the outline as soon as you pick it up, and the article will not be out of shape." Only in this way can the positive role of the outline be brought into play. 7. Writing an outline will clarify the style of writing. There is no good or bad style, but everyone has different strengths and weaknesses.
Generally speaking, narrative writing requires a lot of thought, so those who have not extensively trained in narrative prose writing and have not mastered narrative techniques should try to avoid it. Argumentative essays are easy to outline, so it is recommended that high school students master the writing method of argumentative essays proficiently. Once you choose a style of writing, you must conscientiously follow the rules of style writing and write an outline. That is: narrative prose focuses on plot, especially details; argumentative prose focuses on topic sentences, central sentences, materials, etc. 8. It is best to suggest more than two ways of expression and more than three rhetorical techniques in the outline. The description and narrative elements in an argument are often the highlights; the finishing touch (the lyricism of the argument) in the narrative is often the winning point. 9. Avoid copycatting. What needs to be reminded is that many students may be frightened by the label of "copying" and think that what we train is copying. This is not correct. What we call "copying" refers to those "copying" existing works, especially people. The language, structure and ideas of beautiful writing as we know them. The so-called "copying by rote" means indiscriminately copying sentences and paragraphs with no or no own thoughts. It is understandable that they are treated as the targets of "severe punishment". We have seen those who were "beaten" in the examination room At the same time, the composition is one that only knows a little about the topic, touches on the topic, or even goes completely off topic. Therefore, there is no need to talk about the "set" color, which will cause confusion. A few things that need clarification are: 1) Appropriate citation is not copying, but the "quotation" must be "appropriate" and consistent with the idea of ????your own article. 2) Appropriate imitation of words and sentences can increase the expression effect, but prevent excessive imitation of words. 3) If you have to imitate, I do not agree to imitate the whole of a certain article (especially a famous article). "Mixing all kinds of things and combining them into one" is more likely to be approved by those who are "interested in copycatting" and avoid copying their own articles. If you are like Dong Shi, you can't choose your origin but you want to win attention and reputation. In addition to holding your heart with your hands, you don't make a "frowning look". Instead, you put on a beggar's hat worn by Cecilia Cheung and a picture of Beckham. The gold-framed sunglasses worn by his wife Victoria are not only not described as "fashionable", but also very cool. 4. Outline preparation training: 1. Read the following text and compose according to the requirements. Charm, very attractive power. We often feel the existence of "charm" in our lives: the charm of art, the charm of knowledge, the charm of personality, the charm of language, the charm of the opposite sex, the charm of the city, the charm of nature, the charm of scenery... The charm is still there It has various characteristics: short-term charm, long-term charm, eternal charm, certain aspects of charm, inner charm, outer charm... Regarding charm, you must have had many insights and experiences. , you will definitely have your own opinions and feelings. Please take "Charm" as the topic, come up with your own idea, choose your own style, draw up your own title, and write an article of no less than 800 words. What you write must be within the scope of the topic, and plagiarism is not allowed. 2. (Fourteenth essay question) In life, everyone will encounter melancholy or disillusionment, humiliation or applause, pain or happiness. How can we control the rudder of our own life? The answer is to learn to endure, to endure humiliation, heavy pressure, and torture. At the same time, we should also endure reputation and success. Only by being able to bear it will you not lose yourself in difficult times and lose yourself in good times. What do you think of the "endurance" talked about in this passage? Or what kind of feelings do you have? Please write an article on the topic of "bearing". 3. The designs of mascots for previous Olympic Games have always touched the hearts of hundreds of millions of people around the world. On the evening of November 11, 2005, the "Mascot of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games" was finally announced. The final selection was the "Five Fuwa" with a strong Chinese style. They are: Fuwa Huanhuan in the shape of the Olympic flame, Fuwa Jingjing in the shape of a panda. , the fish-shaped Fuwa Beibei, the Tibetan antelope-shaped Fuwa Yingying and the swallow-shaped Fuwa Nini. When the cute "Five Fuwa" were welcomed by most people, another voice came out: "Why are most of the five Fuwa eating grass and soft in body? Why is there no one who is strong? Is it possible that none of them are strong? Do the Chinese people have nothing left but kindness?” This view holds: “Korea’s Olympic mascot is the tiger, Russia’s is the bear, and the United States’ is the eagle, all of which have an upward vigor and tension; but when they represent domineering After the Chinese Dragon Baby was eliminated by Yanzi, the five mascots have become soft characters. Although the Olympic mascots are small, they are inevitably related to the temperament of a country. Therefore, we can't help but ask: 'Five. Can Fuwa represent the Chinese temperament? What exactly is the Chinese temperament? "What do you think the Chinese temperament is? Please write an article on the topic of "Chinese temperament". 4. Miraculous coach Milu led the Chinese men’s football team to the World Cup, fulfilling the Chinese people’s 44-year football dream. When people explore Milutin's team management strategies and football thoughts, they invariably notice his famous saying: Attitude is everything. In fact, if we think about it carefully, why is it just football? No matter how big or small something is, the key to truly doing it well depends on attitude. Please write an essay on the topic "Attitude determines everything". You can talk about your own understanding and opinions, you can also write about your own experiences and feelings, and you can even write fables and stories. The purpose of the paper is your own, your style is your own, and your title is your own, no less than 800 words. 5. "Share the sunshine, share the wind and rain", this is the guiding slogan of CCTV's weather forecast program. Every time I hear a sentence, I reflexively look at the weather forecast, which can also generate rich associations and insights. Please write an article on the topic of "sharing and sharing".
[Requirements] ① Choose your own idea; ② Choose your own title; ③ Except poetry, choose your own style; ④ No less than 800 words.