Why did the Tang Dynasty exile Li Bai to Yelang? ■ Zhu Hong I am deeply impressed by the ancient place name Yelang, one is because of the idiom Yelang is arrogant, and the other is because of Li Bai. When I was a child, I accidentally read Guo Moruo's Li Bai and Du Fu, and read that Li Bai was sentenced to exile Yelang for his crime. I know that the ancient Yelang Kingdom was shelved in today's Guizhou and Tang Dynasty. It is a very remote and desolate place, and it is just right to send prisoners to labor camps. Because Li Bai, Yelang, a place name that sounds a bit ferocious, has an invisible connection with the poet in my mind. It seems to be a place where you can pour cold water on an enthusiastic poet and even wake him up with a stick. I guess that's how Yelang entered the history of poetry. Looking back on the history of poetry, how can we eliminate the Tang Dynasty? How can you ignore Li Bai when browsing Tang poetry? Speaking of Li Bai, how can we avoid the bad luck that he was sentenced to exile Yelang in his later years? That was the biggest setback in his life. In the Golden Temple, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty personally served Li Bai with a spoon, and Yang Guifei also poured wine and asked Li Bai to write poems for himself. Several poets in ancient and modern China and abroad can enjoy this royal treatment, and Li Bai really regarded himself as the first poet in the Tang Dynasty. Unexpectedly, how high he climbed and how heavy he fell. A few years later, he became a prisoner. Not only can he not go to the capital, but he can't even stay in the provincial capital or small county towns in the mainland. He had to be sent to a reform-through-labour farm in backward border areas by broom. This is no longer an ordinary tragedy, and fate has simply played a big joke.
Want to make fun of our romantic poet who thinks highly of himself? This is crazy. This is my memory of two most important and dramatic place names in Li Bai's life. One is Chang 'an and the other is Yelang, just like ice and fire. One is the peak of his official career, and the other is the trough of his fate. To put it bluntly, one is his paradise and the other is his hell. Li Bai once reached the top of the world and won the favor of the imperial concubine. As a leading writer, in Chang 'an city, he can occasionally put music on the emperor: the son of heaven calls instead of getting on the boat, claiming that the minister is a wine fairy. Even if he later fell out of favor and was given a gold medal, he was still a celebrity. It's not a problem to go to other provinces to eat, drink and earn some money. Traveling all over the mountains and rivers, there are fans everywhere, and they are still chic. But this time, I didn't return to earth from heaven, but entered eighteen layers of hell; Accidentally became a serious political prisoner (equivalent to the enemy of the country? Not only did he wear a lock, but he was also escorted to a remote mountainous area like Yelang. This is not as simple as going to the countryside to receive re-education for poor middle peasants, but it is clearly left to fend for itself. Yelang lacks everything, so there is no shortage of places to bury people. Li Bai, after all, is a big old man, and he shudders when he thinks about it: how far Yelang is, and the mountains are high and the water is dangerous along the way, and his old bones can no longer stand the big toss, so it's hard to say whether it will arrive. Don't give up halfway Even if I do go there, who knows how long I will stay. Maybe the court got carried away in an instant. In short, don't expect to go back.
To put it bluntly, it was all because of the An Shi Rebellion that broke out in 755 AD. Wang Yong Li Jue, the sixteenth son of Xuanzong, recruited soldiers and sent them to the east under the banner of Jing Nan. In fact, he took the opportunity to expand his territory and wanted to be emperor in troubled times. When the soldiers crossed Jiujiang, they met Li Bai, a self-help traveler, and thought his brand could be used, so they recruited him as their staff officer. Li Bai, who was untimely, thought that he finally had a place to use, and he agreed at random, so he was involved in the whirlpool of imperial power struggle. With the accession of the third son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the authentic * * * army was used to restore state order, and the fake and shoddy Li Jue was defeated and killed. Li Bai's political dream went bankrupt again and was arrested for disobedience. I was going to halve it. I was sentenced to exile because Guo Ziyi put in a good word for Li Bai in front of Tang Suzong. Yelang is a slightly better punishment for Li Bai than death. Make up for it with suffering Li Bai exiled Yelang as a political prisoner in the Tang Dynasty? He participated in the life-and-death political struggle at the top of the Tang Dynasty. And on the wrong team. Take the side of the loser. This is terrible. Li Bai, this time is bad enough. If we really want to investigate, we can't completely blame the Anshi rebellion. Didn't Du Fu catch up? No big deal. Why did Li Bai almost lose his life? In the final analysis, you have to blame yourself, because you are obsessed with officials. I am always happy when I see the power of attorney, and I can't see any future trouble. At first, Li Bai thought that the splendid article was destroyed, and later he was sentenced to exile. I don't know whether it's sad or lucky. Therefore, Yelang is a place name that fills Li Bai's heart with flavor. Did he say that he had a narrow escape without invitation, or did he go there and die slowly, even if he died? Before this, Li Bai was not ignorant of Yelang, nor was he without imagination. Although the Yelang in his imagination is desolate, there is no lack of desolate poetry. One of his famous sentences, "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and the dragon was sent from afar", refers to Yelang's poem: Huayang fell to the ground, and Wendaolong crossed five streams. I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang. Wang Changling, a friend who was once banished to a distant place, said, No matter the ends of the earth or the bright moon overhead, my thoughts are with you. Yelang is far away, after all, there is still breeze and moonlight. Now that I think about it, it's a little easy to stand and talk.
Alas, now, I am worse than Wang Changling, and I need comfort more than him. But who can comfort himself as much as he can comfort him? Walking on the road to Yelang, Li Bai's heart is dying, and his figure is particularly lonely. Looking up at the bright moon, don't be poetic. In the distance, in the distance, in the distance, in the distance, Yelang is like a nightmare waiting for a poet who has suffered a disastrous blow. The word itself seems to represent all the darkness in the world. Li Bai really can't figure out how he got on this road. In fact, some people still miss Li Bai, such as Du Fu. Du Fu wrote several poems because he heard that Li Bai had exiled Yelang. what can I do? Poets can only comfort other poets by writing poems, but also comfort themselves who are tortured by thoughts. I don't know how long it took Li Bai to exile Yelang before it reached Du Fu's ears, but he must have dreamed of Li Bai that night. Write "Two Dreams of Li Bai" after waking up. When death is the reason for parting, people will cry, but life leaves again and again. You didn't bring me any signs of exile in the poisonous humidity of the southern river. Until you appeared in my dream last night, because I have been thinking about you. However, how can you raise your wings and use them from the middle net of your net? ? I doubt it's really you, venturing a long way. ..... Yelang is far from Li Bai. He is full of worries about Li Bai's good fortune, life and death, and even the meeting in his dream is saturated with the pain of where you will go. Clouds are floating in the sky, but old friends have gone for a long time. I see you in my dreams every night, and you know what you mean to me. ..... It is written that Du Fu, who has always been gentle, can't help complaining about Li Bai's misfortune: our capital is full of nosy people, but you are lonely and helpless. Who said that Skynet is long, but it is not leaking? Although you are old, even if you have a good name handed down from generation to generation, it is difficult to make up for your sad loss. Chang 'an, with huge traffic, can't accommodate a poet. Can we only go to the marginalized Yelang to find a burial place? Aren't you afraid that future generations will laugh at our times? You know, this exiled poet, like Qu Yuan, although bumpy before his death, will certainly have a much more lasting honor than those fast-decaying dignitaries in Chang 'an after his death. Does Li Bai know that Du Fu is thinking about him? Du Fu also pinned a sad heart on the bright moon, hoping that it could accompany an old friend in need all the way to Yelangxi, and it was constantly involved. The mutual appreciation and friendship between poets is conveyed by breeze and floating clouds, which makes a troubled history of poetry exude a strong human touch. Li Bai was supposed to report Yelang, and went to the land via Sichuan. On the way, it was probably in Wushan, a dreamlike mountain. It is reported that Tang Suzong exiled Li Bai in order to pardon him. Li Bai, who thought he was on the road of no return, was free, and his heart was really bittersweet. He quickly disembarked from Baidicheng to Jiangling, visited his grieving wife at his father-in-law's house, and comforted her that her husband who had survived the disaster was back and there would be happiness after the disaster. There is a kind of relief in the song "Send Bai Di City Early" sung on the ship, and it is brisk downstream: I will go back to Jiangling a thousand miles a day to bid farewell to Bai Di. The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills. The name Yelang is like a mountain in Li Bai's mind these days. I didn't expect it to open easily-like the peak of Mount Tai, I made a face and flew away. Fate is really like a prank.