Yedu Yin
Zhang said
If you don’t see Wei Wucao fighting for heaven,
The heroes are chasing each other.
During the day, he led his warriors to break the fortified formation,
At night, he received the poet's gift to the beautiful house.
The city surrounds Xishan Yang,
The mulberry and elm sweat spreads over the meanders of the Zhanghe River.
The city walls were renovated by the people of the market.
But I saw the bright moon in the West Garden.
There are many noble ministers of the Gao family beside Ye,
Their eyebrows are full of dust.
Go to the Tongtai singing and dancing place,
Only the autumn wind can kill people.
Appreciation of Zhang Shuo's Poems
Yedu: refers to the capital of Wei State during the Three Kingdoms period, located in the west of Linzhang County in present-day Hebei Province. Quote: Poetic name. "Ye Du Yin" belongs to the New Yuefu Ci.
Zhang Shuo served as an official in four dynasties including Empress Wu, Zhongzong, Ruizong and Xuanzong in his life, and he was in charge of political affairs three times. He can be called a generation of all-powerful heroes. However, his official career was bumpy. He was exiled once and demoted twice. This poem was written after he was demoted to the governor of Xiangzhou in the first year of Kaiyuan (713). Yedu was under the jurisdiction of Xiangzhou at that time. Zhang said that looking at the majestic history of Emperor Wu of Wei and Cao Cao's achievements and his posthumous experiences, and thinking about the reality that he was criticized by treacherous villains, he couldn't help but be filled with emotion and wrote "Ye Du Yin", an eternal masterpiece.
This poem is passionate, generous and tragic, but the poem is tight and remembers the theme of Wei Wu, so that the poem is unrestrained but restrained, and the thoughts are connotative and easy to spread.
The poem is divided into two levels.
The first six sentences are the first level. They mainly commemorate and describe Cao Cao's extraordinary achievements during his lifetime, so as to pin his own ambitions. The two sentences "If you don't see Wei Wucao fighting for heaven and fortune, the heroes are chasing each other" lay out a broad era scene for Cao Cao's feats during his lifetime. The word "initiation" shows the difficulty of Wei Wu's entrepreneurship; the word "struggle" vividly expresses Cao Cao's simple materialism thought that people can conquer nature. Ancient superstitious thoughts believed that people's fate and status were bestowed by the Emperor of Heaven. However, Cao Cao did not believe in the destiny of Heaven, so he wanted to rise up and compete with the "heroes" for the throne. This "fight" accurately showed his tenacious struggle to the readers. in front of me.
The two sentences "Bringing warriors to break strong formations during the day, and picking up poets at night to enrich the house" summarize Cao Cao's life's civil and military career in extremely concise language. The sentence "日" outlines the image of Cao Cao galloping on the battlefield, and the word "carry" describes his heroic spirit of leading the army and bravely championing the three armies; the word "break" also shows his invincible offensive momentum, showing the "Wei" With a whip of force, he is as powerful as a tiger who can swallow thousands of miles. The "night" sentence depicts for us the image of Cao Cao with a very Confucian general style. Here, the word "connection" expresses the character of Corporal Wei Wu Lixian. During the Jian'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao advocated the "Jian'an style" and led his sons Cao Pi, Cao Zhi and the seven Jian'an sons to express the social turmoil and the pain of people's displacement in the form of poetry, expressing his desire and sentiment for national unification. Generosity and strong language. The "West Garden" he built, the Tongjue Garden, was where his father and son often held banquets and composed poems with scribes at night. The sentence "The poet meets the poet at night" vividly shows the historical picture of Cao Cao's creation of the golden age of literature in Xian'an. The two sentences "The city surrounds Xishan Yang, and the mulberry and elm sweat spreads over the meanders of Zhanghe River" mainly describe Cao Cao's achievements in production and construction. The city of Yedu is surrounded by twists and turns, which shows that the Wei State's buildings are majestic and the rear is strong; the dense mulberry trees along the Zhang River and the endless "sweat" show that its agricultural and forestry production was developed. It was not easy to open up an area with prosperous agriculture and mulberry trees in the chaos of war at the end of the Han Dynasty, which further demonstrated Cao Cao's talent and strategy in governing the country. In history, Cao Cao is one of the most tarnished figures. Some historians who hold orthodox views often label him as a "traitor" who held the emperor hostage to order the princes. As Zhang Shuo, who has served as prime minister for two times, it is unique and commendable for him to speak so highly of Cao Cao's historical achievements. At the same time, this layer also reveals the poet's admiration for Wei Wu and his hope to make political achievements. Emotions allow readers to appreciate the poet's ideal pursuit from the recollection of Cao Cao's achievements.
The last six sentences of the poem are the second level. They mainly describe the historical changes after Wei Wu's death, revealing the poet's lament about the passing of time and the unsustainable achievements of heroes. The two sentences "The city was renovated by the Xu people, but I saw the bright moon in the Western Garden" reveal the past and present changes in Yedu's environment through the decay of the city buildings in the Cao Wei era. The word "city" has the function of inheriting the "city" above and causing a turning point in the following. It is the most changeable scene in the appearance of Yedu. The "City Wall" and "West Garden" were reduced to ruins, marking that Wei Wu's era has become a relic of history. The bright moon is still there, but it cannot illuminate Cao Cao's "night reception of the poet Fuhua House" in the West Garden, which further highlights the current situation in Yedu The desolation and desolation. The two sentences "There are many noble ministers in the high tombs next to Ye, and their eyebrows are covered with catalogs and dust" express the huge changes in Yedu from the perspective of personnel changes in the past and present.
Social foundations also crumbled.
"Noble ministers" and beauties entered the tomb one after another. It was like a mirror, truly reflecting the trajectory of historical changes and revealing the poet's pity for Cao Cao's literary, military, military, and grand plans being wasted. The two lines at the end, "I tried to go to the Tongtai singing and dancing place, but the autumn wind was sad and killed people" are positive expressions of emotion. The word "try up" expresses the poet's desire but hesitation - personnel changes and the scenery are not what they used to be. The poet wants to climb up the Bronze Bird Tower built by Cao Cao to see the scenic spots, but he is afraid of the "Tongque Tower" because of the "human generation" "Change" and "turn into ruins", causing myself more melancholy. When we boarded the "Tongtai", we saw that all the prosperity of Yedu had become history, leaving only the autumn wind to pay tribute to the hero. The three words "worry about killing people" are the finishing touch filled with emotion. They deeply and strongly express the poet's tragic and solemn mood of condolences. They send his undiminished ambitions for thousands of years and express the poet's heart when he was demoted and his ambitions were difficult to achieve. Feelings of pain and injustice.
The poet closely follows the clues of Cao Cao's entrepreneurship to unfold the poem and create pictures. Therefore, the emotion of this poem is more generous, tragic, deep and implicit compared to similar works. It is as touching as the Jie Gu Gu Zheng Pa. Jing, shocking.
Secondly, the structural art of poetry is also quite unique. This poem is a nostalgic work that expresses one's feelings by paying tribute to ancient relics. The poem's scenes revolve around Wei Wu's life and death. He started by writing about Wei Wu's great achievements during his lifetime, and then wrote about his literary, military, and wise governance. His great achievements in his life were succinctly summarized in "He led the strong men to break the strong formations during the day, and picked up the poets to fill the houses at night. The city circled the Western Mountains. In the four lines of the poem "The sun is shining, the mulberry trees are sweating all over the Zhanghe River".
The following four sentences of "The city was renovated for the sake of the Xu people" highlight the historical changes after Wei Wu's death. Cao Cao was able to create a prosperous place in Yedu in the troubled times where heroes competed for power, but the people behind him were unable to maintain the prosperity of Yedu. It can be seen that Wei Wu was indeed superior to others, and many later generations could not compare with him. At the end, the poem "Autumn Wind on Tongtai" reminds people of Cao Cao's "last order" on his deathbed. In this way, the whole poem is Cao Cao's beginning and end, and the main body of the poem is Cao Cao's life achievements and posthumous circumstances, thus showing the poet's A superb talent for structuring and planning.
This poem is also very distinctive in terms of language and rhythm. The poem is magnificent, the language is strong and smooth, and it washes away the style of Liang Chen Qili; the rhyme is lively, the whole poem has twelve lines, and is changed four times The rhyme has ups and downs, and is full of flowing and changeable musical beauty. As Mr. Lin Geng and Feng Yuanjun said: "Ye Du Yin is generous and tragic, the first of its kind in the Tang Dynasty, and is very different from the poetic style of the early Tang Dynasty.
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