1. Learn how the author sees strangeness in the ordinary, shows strangeness in the ordinary, and expresses his wonderful feelings with ordinary and representative scenery.
2. Understand people and discuss the world, and deeply analyze the emotions contained in the author's article.
3. Touch a "city of literature" through words.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
1, learn from the author's unique superb writing skills of not seeking autumn but meaningful autumn flavor.
2. Interpret the unique emotion in the author's writing.
Teaching philosophy:
Autumn in the Old Capital is a text in the first unit of compulsory 2 in the new curriculum standard textbook of People's Education Press, and it is also a famous article about scenery and lyricism. This article was written in 1934, and now more than 70 years have passed. Over the past 70 years, times have changed. Invariably, different versions of middle school Chinese textbooks in different periods must choose this one. Over the past 70 years, generations of middle school students have learned about the Old Capital, Autumn in the Old Capital and Yu Dafu through this article. According to Yu Fei, the son of Yu Dafu, Autumn in the Old Capital was written by Yu Dafu on the morning of August 1934 at the invitation of She Qi, the publisher of Human World. Yu Dafu received an urgent letter from Wang Sheji in August 16, and wrote this masterpiece in the morning of August 17, which stems from Yu Dafu's superb writing skills, such as easy to use, easy to lift weights, ingenious conception and so on. This has to make people admire Yu Dafu's meticulous observation of scenery and human feelings on weekdays. The scenery taken by Yu Dafu in this article is very common, but it is also very representative. The characters written in this article are all ordinary people, and the dialogue between the characters is also colloquial. However, it is these ordinary scenery, ordinary people and colloquial sayings that give people a feeling that autumn is meaningful without looking for it. Tao Yuanming's language is plain, natural and natural, abandoning the applied fiber, revealing the true beauty of simplicity and making reading always new. In the thick autumn breath of the old capital, Yu Dafu's unique feeling of "clearness, quietness and sadness" is conveyed. Therefore, we try to start with the topic, appreciate Yu Dafu's unique feelings in the text through the choice of scenery, and then understand the unique feelings left in the text through the understanding of people and the discussion of the world.
Teaching methods:
Autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning methods
Teaching process:
First, the introduction of new courses.
A wisp of breeze, a piece of idle clouds, a casual feeling, feel the charm of the dream water town; A cup of fragrant tea, a broken moon, a leisure, and a close reading of the ancient rhyme of Jiangnan culture.
Jiangnan and water towns are a kind of temptation and attraction for people living in the north. What about the north and the ancient capital for southerners? Undoubtedly, this is also a kind of temptation and attraction.
A quadrangle falls, a bowl of strong tea, a few chats, and a picture of the street charm of the old capital; A tree, a few pigeons, a few drops of autumn coolness, and appreciate the unique taste of autumn in the old capital.
Today, let's follow Yu Dafu into the autumn of the old capital and feel the autumn taste of the old capital, which is "clear, quiet and sad".
Second, read aloud independently and explore questions.
1, read independently
Students read and feel the text independently. And take correcting and accumulating as the task.
Gangsters (hü n) and chaos (dü n)? Ershi (Nyan) Bridge 4
Quite critical: metaphor sees the development trend and result of the whole situation through individual subtle signs.
2. Explore the problem
Question: The title of this article is Autumn in the Old Capital. After reading it, everyone knows that it all refers to Beiping. So, is it better to change the title to autumn in Beiping or autumn in the north? Why?
Clear:
Although Beiping is a landmark city in the north, it is too concrete. Northland, too vast. Are unimaginative. Autumn in the old capital is better. "So" reminds people of old friends, hometown, old friends, hometown and so on. I feel cordial, deeply attached and deeply yearning for them. The "capital" has a sense of historical vicissitudes and a rich cultural heritage. With Autumn in the Old Capital as the theme, the description of natural scenery is attached to the profound historical and cultural background. This "wonderful chemical reaction" is expected and easy to arouse readers' interest in reading. (hit it off at first sight)
Third, research and analysis.
1, taste autumn flavor
Question: The author Yu Dafu "has not met the autumn in the north for nearly ten years." In the south, which representative autumn scenery does the author think of every autumn?
Mingming: "The reed flowers in Taoranting, the willow shadows over the fishing platform, the insects in the western hills, the bells in Yuquan and Tanzhe Temple."
Question: The author "traveled thousands of miles from Hangzhou to Qingdao and from Qingdao to Peiping" to appreciate the autumn flavor of the old capital, but did not go to Taoranting, Yutai, Xishan, Yuquan and Tanzhe Temple to find autumn. Why?
Qing: Because "I don't go out even in Beiping", "There are a sea of people in the imperial city", "I rent a shabby house to live in" and "make a bowl of strong tea", look at the "high blue sky, I can hear pigeons flying in the green world", look at the sunshine leaking from the leaves of Sophora japonica, look at the morning glory and look at the "sparse and slender autumn grass"
Question: What does the author want to highlight by writing like this?
Qing: Obviously, you don't need to go to Taoranting, Yutai, Xishan, Yuquan and Tanzhe Temple to find autumn. You can feel the full autumn atmosphere in any place in the old capital, because any place in the old capital is "immersed" in autumn.
Question: Did the author also write the representative scenery of autumn in the old capital?
Qing dynasty: autumn locust, Lori, Qiu Chan, autumn rain, autumn wind and autumn fruit.
Question: When writing these scenes, what angle did the author cut in?
Qing: write autumn locusts, highlighting the embellishment that reminds people of autumn; Write "Ruiyingrui", which is silent and odorless, and feels delicate and soft when stepping on it. I feel that "a phoenix tree, the world's long dream of knowing autumn, is about in these depths"; I also wrote the faint lingering sound of Qiu Chan, a special product of the northland, stressing that you don't have to go to the suburbs or the mountains to listen, but you can hear their songs everywhere. The author even regrets that "Qiu Chan is like a worm that every household keeps at home", which shows that Qiu Chan's lamentation is very representative and can well reflect the autumn sound of the old capital. Writing autumn rain highlights strangeness, flavor and appropriateness.
Question: Next, the article is about the dialogue between people. Who are you writing about and what is the content of the conversation?
Clear: I wrote about city idlers wearing thick green fabrics and jackets. These city idlers sighed and answered each other in a slow voice: "Oh, it's really cold-"and "Isn't it?" A layer of autumn rain is cold! "
Mingming: The urban idlers belong to the common people, and the dialogue is even and even, with a strong Beijing accent and rhyme. They all speak folk sayings and highlight the cultural and regional characteristics on the basis of writing about autumn scenery.
Summary: Taken together, in the paragraph describing the scenery above, the author described the autumn scenery, composed the autumn sound and described the autumn colors, which made us appreciate the autumn atmosphere of the old capital. Moreover, the author's cleverness lies in not deliberately looking for autumn, but "immersing" the readers in the autumn breath without revealing traces, so that they feel that it is unnecessary to look for autumn, and the autumn breath is meaningful and comfortable. This is because Yu Dafu chose very representative scenery, characters and words, which can well reflect the characteristics of autumn in the old capital.
Expansion: According to Yu Fei, the son of Yu Dafu, Autumn in the Old Capital was written by Yu Dafu on the morning of August 1934 at the invitation of Wang Sheqi, the publisher of Human World, and Yu Dafu only received a letter from Wang Sheqi on August 16. Being able to write such a wonderful article in such a short time can't help but admire Mr. Yu Dafu's meticulous observation of scenery and human feelings on weekdays. This kind of kung fu is exactly what Mr. Lu Xun mentioned in "Answering the Questions of Beidou Magazine": "You should pay attention to all kinds of things, read more, and write without seeing anything." Therefore, if you want to write a good composition, you must observe more and observe carefully. This is also the best writing method that Yu Dafu taught us.
2. Fall in love
Question: Yu Dafu wrote the autumn flavor of the old capital so meaningfully. What are the characteristics of autumn in the old capital?
Clear: clear, quiet and sad.
Question: What are the characteristics of autumn in Jiangnan?
Qing: The vegetation withers slowly, the air is wet, the color of the sky looks pale, it often rains and blows, the color is not strong, and the aftertaste is not eternal.
Question: The article mentions autumn in the south twice at the beginning and end. what is the purpose?
Clarity: highlight the characteristics of autumn in the old capital by setting off.
Question: Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth" that "all scenery words are sentimental words". So, what kind of love language does this article convey through autumn scenery, the old capital, "coming clearly, coming quietly and coming sadly"?
Clear: attachment, loneliness, sadness.
Q: The feeling of attachment is not difficult to understand, as can be seen from the title. How do the feelings of loneliness and sadness come out in the text?
Qing: When writing about the fall of autumn locusts, I mentioned that "the silk thread of the broom falling on the dust looks exquisite, leisurely, subconscious and a little lonely." When writing Autumn Fruit, I mentioned that "interesting human beings can always cause deep, distant, severe and bleak feelings for autumn."
Question: So how do you understand this lonely and sad love story?
Qing: Autumn itself can cause some people's sadness, and Yu Dafu's own personality belongs to the melancholy type.
Supplementary introduction to the author:
Yu Dafu lost his father at the age of three, married twice and had two children. These great changes in life have created Yu Dafu's melancholy character, which in turn has potentially affected his writing. Yu Dafu was killed by Japanese military police on 1945. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Yu Dafu came to Singapore and then moved to Sumatra. Yu Dafu used his position to secretly protect and rescue many Indonesian people and overseas Chinese. Later, Yu Dafu negotiated for a person, was beaten by Japanese soldiers, and was caught by Japanese soldiers. At the end of the documentary "Mr. Yu Dafu", when the Japanese invaders knew that the translator they caught was actually Mr. Yu Dafu, they were taken aback. But at that time, Japan had been defeated, and they politely said to Yu Dafu: It is best to go back to Japan with them, and they don't want to hurt Yu Dafu-because Yu Dafu is a celebrity and has lived in Japan for many years, he should have feelings for the Great Japanese Empire ... Yu Dafu didn't say a word after listening, but shook his head coldly. The Japanese invaders picked up the gun in the case of fruitless persuasion, and Yu Dafu's face did not show the slightest panic. He smiled faintly and looked very natural. His eyes crossed the mountains and rivers in front of him. Right in front of him is his motherland, Fuchunjiang, which gave birth to him and raised him.
Guan Shandi Wu, Mr. Liu Haisu, a good friend of Yu Dafu, wrote a poem to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Yu Dafu's murder, praising his patriotic feelings and childlike innocence.
Gray is still childlike, and fame and fortune in the world are light. Today, it hurts the poet's dream, and the Chinese head is a bottle of blood.
Question: In addition to natural seasons and personality characteristics, social reasons will also affect the author's writing. Such as "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" written by Zhu Ziqing.
Q: What social reasons make Yu Dafu feel lonely and sad?
Clear: In 1930s, China was in years of war, people's livelihood was depressed, and scholars had no food and clothing. Yu Dafu moved from Shanghai to Hangzhou in order to avoid the white terrorist threat of the Kuomintang. His thoughts were depressed and his creation dried up. Later, I had to travel thousands of miles, wandering from place to place, suffering from the joys and sorrows of life. It can be said that the loneliness and sadness of the old capital in autumn is also a reflection of the projection of social life in Yu Dafu's heart. In the words of Wang Guowei's "thorns on earth", it means "everything is my color when I look at things."
Summary: This method of understanding the emotion and theme of the article through the author's life and writing background is what the ancients said.
Fourth, class summary.
Following Mr. Yu Dafu, we fully appreciated the autumn flavor of the old capital through words, and also partially touched the autumn of "Beijing of Literature". Through careful observation and skillful tailoring, ordinary scenery and human feelings can be transformed into wonderful articles, which is the best writing method taught in this paper. Knowing people and discussing the world is a golden key to interpret such articles after learning this article. I hope you can make good use of this writing method, which is a golden key to interpret your works.