What do Chinese writing techniques such as metaphor, intertextuality and analogy mean?

I have collected a little knowledge in this field, hoping to help you: 1. Bi xing 1. Two techniques in literary creation. Comparison is a metaphor, and prosperity is a sustenance. Bi Xing has a long history in China's poetry creation, starting from The Book of Songs. Confucian poetics lists Bi Xing as "six meanings": wind, fu, bi, xing, elegance and praise. Zheng Xuan said: "Comparison" means "seeing the loss of today, not daring to criticize, speaking by analogy". "Xing" is to see the beauty of today, not to flatter it. Persuade them with kindness "(see" Zhou Li Chunguan Zongbo Master's Notes "). Explain the relationship between Bi Xing and Mei Ci. In ancient times, the more prosperous methods were mostly used in old-style poems and folk songs, but rarely used or not used in general literary works. "Bi" and "Xing" are commonly used in China's ancient poems. In addition to poetry, modern prose, novels and so on. Metaphor is also commonly used. The so-called "comparison", according to Zhu's explanation, is "comparing one thing with another", which is actually a metaphor. It makes it vivid, vivid and concrete by comparing colorful things with things to be written. The so-called "xing" means "saying something else first so that the words can be sung". Poetic imagery thinking can not be separated from two methods of comparison and xing. Therefore, Bixing constitutes two techniques of poetry. For example, lambs eat milk to see their mothers, and small rice feeds me to grow up. There are many such sentences in Back to Yan 'an. The so-called fu, bi and xing are the main manifestations in the Book of Songs. "Fu" means to elaborate and state things directly, without metaphor. "Comparison" is a metaphor, comparing one thing with another. "Xing" means association, touching the scene and being excited by things. This artistic expression is the main visualization method of poetry creation, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry creation. Second, the definition of intertextuality, also known as intertextuality, is a rhetorical method commonly used in ancient poetry. In ancient Chinese, the meaning of a sentence (or phrase) was divided into two sentences (or phrases), and the meanings of the upper and lower sentences should be complementary in interpretation, which is intertextuality. The old saying goes like this: "It refers to writing in the other party, but it refers to writing in the text." Specifically, it is a form: the upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence seem to say the same thing, but in fact they echo, explain and complement each other and say the same thing. Example (1): sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower (meaning "the morning light shines in the dark" and "the morning light shines in the dark"). "Chao" and "Xi", "Hui" and "Yin" are intertextual. Ex. (2): Don't be happy about things, don't be sad for yourself. Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower (meaning that he is not happy because of "things" (his environment) or "himself" (his personal experience), nor is he sad because of "things" or "himself". The characteristics of intertextuality The characteristics of intertextuality are "saving text but saving meaning", which are mainly manifested in two aspects: First, the structural characteristics: mutual province. For example, "A general dies after hundreds of battles, but a strong man returns after ten years" (Mulan's poem), and the word "strong man" is omitted at the beginning of the sentence, which separates the word "general" from the word "strong man" and complements them alternately. Second, semantic features: complementarity. For example, "the window is lined with clouds and the mirror is painted yellow" (Mulan's poem), and Mulan faces the window, including the mirror. The two actions of "arranging" and "pasting" are carried out in the same situation and should be put together when translating. The expression of intertextuality. Intertextuality in the same sentence. That is, intertextuality that appears in the same sentence. For example, Qin and Han dynasties are complementary. Another example is "my master has dismounted and my guest has boarded the boat", "the east boat is quiet, the west boat is quiet", "the east dog barks at the west", and there is another saying "cold water in the smoke cage, sand in the moon". Second, the intertextuality of adjacent sentences. That is, intertextuality appears in adjacent sentences. For example, in Mulan Ci, "buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whips in the north". "East City", "West City", "South City" and "North City" are intertextual, which means that they have been to many markets and bought everything they need for the war, instead of just buying one thing in a certain market. Third, the definition of analogical rhetoric Analogical rhetoric is a literary rhetorical device which is based on the similarity between two different things and uses the characteristics of vehicles to modify and describe the ontology through association. The function of functional analogy is to highlight the characteristics of ontological things with the help of the characteristics of similar things, deepen the understanding of ontological things more simply and vividly, or strengthen the author's feelings, set off the atmosphere and arouse readers' association. The logical reasoning of analogy can arouse readers' rich imagination and strong resonance. In literature, analogy belongs to the category of metaphor, which is closely related to simile and metaphor, but there are similarities and differences. Analogy is an extended metaphor, and the similarities between the two things involved are often more than one end, which correspond to each other and form the premise of logical reasoning.