Teaching plan design of Chinese short songs in senior high school
A record of short songs in class
First, ask the students to recite the famous sentence in "Although Returning to Life" collectively: "An old man is riding on a horse, crouching, and he is full of courage in his twilight years" and then briefly describe the story-
? "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" recorded such a story: Wang Dun was heavily arrested in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Every time after drinking, he recited Cao Cao's "Old riding a crouching tiger, aiming at the dying years of a thousand-mile martyr, making a strong mountain and river", and spitting pots for the festival, and the spout was lacking.
However, some people say that Cao Shi is not good.
In Chapter 48 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is a poem describing Cao Cao. After Cao Cao pacified the north, he led millions of heroes to drink horses on the Yangtze River. On the night of the decisive battle with Sun Quan, the bright moon was in the sky. He held a banquet on the river, hosted a banquet for the generals, and stood at the bow. He is generous, and the lyrics are "short songs" he learned today.
Teacher: Students, we are familiar with Cao Cao. What kind of person do you think Cao Cao is?
Health: insidious, suspicious by nature, treacherous, capable of playing tricks and saving face. ...
Teacher: Can you give me a specific example?
Health: Cao Cao fled to an old friend's house after failing to assassinate Dong Zhuo on the grounds of offering a knife. When people tried to treat him warmly with pigs and sheep, he became suspicious and thought he wanted to assassinate him, so he killed Lv Boshe's family first. Later, on the way to escape, he met Lv Boshe who came back from drinking for him. When Cao Cao was wrong, he killed him and said, "I would rather teach me to be negative than negative."
Teacher: This classmate speaks very well, with fluent language and vivid narration. Please sit down.
I think people's understanding of Cao Cao is still somewhat biased. Before you speak, please turn over a sentence: "Speak of the devil and he will arrive."
Health: Speak of the devil.
Teacher: Why do you translate it like this? Cao Cao is the devil?
Health: This shows that we regard Cao Cao as a bad person.
Teacher: So what kind of person was Cao Cao in history? Can you give a fair evaluation?
Health: ...
Teacher: Think about it. Did we learn his poems in junior high school?
Health: Watching the sea, watching the sea with Jieshi in the East. ...
Teacher: OK, what do you think he has achieved at least now?
Health: He is not only a politician, but also a writer.
Teacher: He was a famous politician, writer and strategist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the History of the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shao commented that Cao Cao was a capable minister who managed the world and was a hero in troubled times. Lu Xun commented that Cao Cao was a very capable man, at least a hero. Yi Zhongtian commented that Cao Cao was a lovely adulterer, and treachery and masculinity were unified in men. During the Jian 'an period, Cao Cao, as the representative, and his two sons, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, were also called "Three Caos", "Three Caos" and "Seven Children of Jian 'an" at that time: Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy, Serina Liu and others generally adopted the five-character style in literature, which was famous for their heroic character and generous and sad masculinity.
Teacher: (Projection-the explanation of the noun "Jian 'an Style")
Teacher: So when was this poem written? In what context was it written? Who knows?
Health: In the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao led a great army south and lined up in the Yangtze River in order to wipe out Sun Liujun in one fell swoop. On the night of 1 1 month 15 this winter, the moon was in the sky and the river was calm. Cao Cao inspected the water village by boat, and then invited the generals to dinner. When the wine reached the rich place, I suddenly heard crows flying south. Cao Cao felt this scene, wrote a poem and sang this historic masterpiece-"Short Song" ... (Information)
Teacher: That's right. Please sit down. Cao Cao is famous for his ambition to unify the whole country, but unifying the whole country is not only a force, but also a strategy. But where does the strategy come from?
Student: Talent.
Teacher: Yes, talents play a decisive role in the war, so let's walk into the text with questions, find out the poetic eye of this poem through reading aloud, and try to figure out the thoughts and feelings revealed by the poet in the poem. Give everyone two minutes to read the poem aloud.
Health: Free reading.
Teacher: Let's ask a classmate to recite this poem to us.
Simple reading (boring)
Teacher: Cao Cao is a lean man and should read more luxuriously. He wants to pacify the south, not to drown his sorrows in wine, but to have some blood. He is a lean generation.
Teacher: Please recite it again.
B students study, and soon.
Teacher: Ask a student to evaluate it.
Health: Generally speaking, it is very good and imposing.
Teacher: Are there any shortcomings?
Health: Soon, you can get over it.
Teacher: Read it for everyone to enjoy and read the majestic spirit.
C is a student and has a good grasp.
Teacher: There is room for sublimation again. Please read this poem again and try to understand the author's thoughts and feelings.
Student: Read it all at once.
Teacher: Now, please work in groups of three and understand this poem with reference to the notes. Pay attention to the key words in circle poems and appreciate the comments. Grasp the thoughts and feelings revealed by Cao Cao. Three minutes.
Health discussion
Teacher: As a poem, there must be something in the same strain, that is, the eyes of the poem. So which word is the poetic eye of this article?
Health: worry
Teacher: So the whole poem is worried and expresses his feelings. So, why did he worry during the Three Kingdoms period? With questions, we can understand Cao Cao's mood and read it together.
Read all the students together
Teacher: well, everyone's worries have been read out, but is it Cao Cao's intention to read too much? What the hell is he worried about? . The whole poem is divided into two sections, the upper and lower sections. How to draw?
Health: Four squares.
Teacher: Let's see what he is "worried about" and how his worries run through it. Let's look at poetry. "When drinking is a song, life is geometric", what does it mean to worry about? There is a lot of wine in our ancient poems. Who can give an example?
Health: until I raised my cup, I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow and make the three of us.
Health: I advise you to drink more wine.
Health: After dusk, the wine in Dongli Bar has a faint fragrance and sleeves that will not disappear. In the west wind, curtains are rolled up and people are thinner than yellow flowers.
Health: But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with swords, it is even more worrying to raise a glass to dispel our worries.
Teacher: Good. Then, what is Cao Cao's worry that "wine is a song, life is geometric, such as morning dew, and going to Japan is more bitter"?
Health: Life is short and fleeting.
Teacher: (writing on the blackboard-an annoyance: life is short) The analysis is very accurate. "When you are generous, you are unforgettable. How can I solve your worries? Only Du Kang. " So has Kang solved this trouble?
Health: I don't think so. After drinking it, he was still worried because he couldn't get rid of it.
Teacher: Since Du Kang can't solve his worries, what can he do? Does he sigh at the beginning that his life is short, or is he writing that others' lives are short?
Health: I think this poem is written to recruit wise men. In this way, it can be understood that other people's lives are short, and you have not achieved your career yet. Come to me to realize your dream.
Teacher: Good. Besides worrying about myself and others, life is too short, and I hope others will come to me. What are you worried about? Look at the next paragraph, Qingqing Zitiao, in my heart. This is a classic. Look at the notes after class, which originally refers to lovesickness between men and women. This little dress you are wearing is really beautiful. I have been thinking about you all day. Even if I don't go, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? What's the use of allusions here? Let's think about it.
Health: It fits Cao Cao's mood very well. "Green and green, leisurely in my heart" means that even if I don't go, you can leave me a message. He wanted to use this allusion to imply the latter sentence. But for you, I miss you every day and express his hope that those talented people will take the initiative to join him.
Teacher: "Yo yo Luming Literature, wild apple." How to understand this sentence?
Health: I think it means that when you come, my staff will greet you with blowing sheng.
Teacher: So, he is still worried. What's he worried about?
Health: I am afraid that talented people will not come.
Teacher: (writing on the blackboard-two worries: seeking talents is not allowed. )
Teacher: Who can tell you the story of Cao Cao's thirst for talent, or his attitude towards talents?
Health: (telling the story of Cao Cao's feet welcoming Xu You)
Teacher: (Supplement the story of Cao Cao's invitation to Ruan Yu by Yamakaji and the story of Cao Cao's treatment of Chen Lin, Chen Gong and Zhong Wei)
This is the first section, and Cao Cao's worries are reflected in his generosity. Let's read slowly, and everyone will realize this change of worry.
(All students read together)
Teacher: After reading the first section, let's look at the second section, "As bright as the moon, when can it pass?" What is the expression of this sentence? What does he want?
Health: Bi Xing. Compare talent to the moon. He wants to recruit talents, but he ignores it and answers it.
Teacher: Compare the bright moon to a wise man. When will it attract you to reflect his inner thoughts? "The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off." This kind of worry, this kind of worry about seeking work, comes from the heart and is endless. This shows that his worries are lasting. Then look at the following four sentences, "Cross the road more and more." Talk about the banquet and miss the old grace. There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times. What branches can I lean on? "How do you explain this?
Health: I understand it this way: there are two different attitudes towards talents. One is to take the initiative to go to Cao Cao; The other is indecision, and the black magpie is a metaphor for those talents.
Teacher: His explanation is really good. Do other students have any questions? Did Cao Cao find the wise man or did the wise man find it himself? Is condescension here a courtesy or a condescension? (Your Honor), so the wise man should be here. Don't think that Cao Cao is looking for those wise men. Ask your classmates the meaning of the last two sentences.
Student: (Translation) Poets are eager for all talents in the world to join them and express their tolerance.
Teacher: Let's talk about whether the wise man has come.
Health: Here we go. "Cross the road, the more waste. Talk about the banquet and remember the old grace. "
Teacher: Since the wise men have experienced many difficulties and obstacles, why are they still worried?
Health: the wise men have come, but they have not achieved great things, and they are also worried about their poor care.
Teacher: So, in addition to worrying about the short life and the wise, there is also a fundamental worry, that is, the achievement is not completed. Three kinds of worries come down in one continuous line. Achievement is not the sublimation of sages. This sublimation means that I will never be satisfied with the number of sages. (writing on the blackboard-three worries: the work is not finished)
Students, what is the most outstanding artistic technique of this poem?
Health: ... Use allusions.
Teacher: Then let's sum up the advantages of allusions:
Teacher and student summary: (blackboard writing)
1. Enrich the content of poetry; 2. Make the language more concise, solemn and elegant; 3. Enlarge the reader's association and imagination.
Teacher: This poem runs through the whole poem with "worry" in one go. We should remember this poem. Ask questions and memorize them in the next class. Ok, class is over.
Reflection after class: This class is satisfactory, but the short-term analysis of the topic is omitted. After class, students are asked what "line" is. Some students know that it is a genre of ancient poetry, which is divided into long sentences and short sentences. When I asked about the differences and characteristics between Long song and short songs, the students replied that Long song is longer and short songs are shorter. I wonder whether the feelings expressed by Taoist songs are generous and intense, and whether short songs are more suitable for expressing inner sadness and anguish. This is an omission in this section, which was later supplemented, enriching students' knowledge of ancient Chinese. In addition, the students who read poetry did not put their feelings in a correct position, did not try to figure out the characters in depth and grasp their thoughts and feelings, so they could not read Cao Cao's sorrow and anguish for talents, and could not read the poet's inner generosity and boldness. In my opinion, to understand a poem, we must combine the background of the poem, walk into the author, catch the eye of the poem and read it repeatedly, so as to understand the inner meaning of the poem. Reading a book a hundred times is self-evident, which is the reason.
A record of short songs in class
Teaching process:
Teacher: Last week, a classmate told me that she had a good article for me to enjoy. I feel a little inadequate after reading it, but it's really good. At least the author's reading and thinking are worth learning.
Health: (He is my brother),
Teacher: Oh, tell him that I admire him very much. She read his article, but he felt uncomfortable, so I read it for him.
The teacher read the student's brother's article "Daydream of Wine"
The reverie of wine
Teaching plan design of Chinese short songs in senior high school II
Analysis of learning situation:
Senior one students have accumulated a certain amount of poems, and have a certain understanding and reading ability of China's classical poems, so it is not too difficult to understand the ideological content of a short song. Therefore, in class, students should be able to grasp the artistic conception and ideological content of poetry through repeated reading, comparative appreciation and association.
Three-dimensional target:
1, read and recite the whole poem with emotion.
2. Cultivate students' ability to penetrate poetry and grasp the connotation of the article.
3. Educate students to cherish time consciously and set up lofty aspirations.
Teaching focus:
1. Experience a politician's life experience and his thirst for talents in turbulent times.
2. Learn the whole poem by heart.
Teaching difficulties:
The use of artistic techniques such as allusions and metaphors.
Teaching methods:
Read aloud, discuss and push.
Legal learning guidance:
1, read aloud-imagine-feel.
2. Independent exploration, cooperation and exchange.
Teaching steps:
Import:
Talk of the devil, and he is sure to appear. Do any students know the meaning of this proverb? What does "devil" mean? Why do you want to translate "devil" into Cao Cao? Next, I'd like to invite some students to talk about your understanding of Cao Cao.
(Hint: You can talk about it from the perspectives of life, evaluation of later generations, etc. )
Student talk+Do you have anything to add?
Comments: Just now, the students talked about their understanding of Cao Cao from different angles. This is a good attempt. In the speeches of the students, I also noticed the emotional tendency of the students to belittle or praise Cao.
Maybe everyone is influenced by some film and television works. )
However, we need to be clear: in fact, novels or scripts may not objectively reflect Cao Cao's true character. Perhaps Cao Cao in history is not as cunning as novels, plays or people think.
Next, let's learn about the real Cao Cao in history through slides.
First, the author Cao Cao (showing slides):
Cao Cao (155-220) was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty. A famous politician, strategist and writer in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty. He is the pioneer and organizer of Jian 'an literature, and his poems directly inherit the realistic tradition of Han Yuefu folk songs. On the one hand, his creation reflects social unrest and people's sufferings, on the other hand, it shows the ideal and ambition of unifying the world, and has a unique style of "generosity and sadness". This style is called "Jian 'an Style" or "Wei-Jin Style". Cao Cao, an inexhaustible historical figure.
So today, let's learn his short songs together.
(Slide Cut)-Short Song Line
Second, solve the problem.
Short Song Xing: The name of ancient music belongs to the old topic of Yuefu in Han Dynasty, and the poem with new words supplemented by the old topic of Yuefu is "quasi-Yuefu".
The difference between long sentences and short sentences: according to Yuefu, in the length of songs and tunes.
Before formally appreciating this poem, it is necessary for us to know the writing background of this poem:
(Slide Clip): Writing Background
Three. background introduction
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 208), Cao Cao led his troops south to spread out the Yangtze River in order to wipe out Sun Liujun in one fell swoop. On 1 1 month 15 this winter, the moon was in the sky and the river was calm. Cao Cao inspected the water town by boat, and then invited all the civil servants to the banquet. Suddenly, he heard crows flying south. Cao Cao felt this scene and wrote a poem, which was the famous poem "A Short Song".
Fourth, appreciate poetry.
1, reading
Give everyone a few minutes to read this poem freely.
(Slide Clip)-Poetry!
Correct sb's pronunciation
Combination of reading alone and reading at the same time
2. Poetic eyes
Question: Think further: Can you find the most emotional words in the poem?
Trouble (can be called the eye of this poem: the same thing in a poem runs through the whole poem)
What is the author worried about?
Step 3 appreciate poetry
We say there are always two paragraphs in this poem, but we can also divide these two paragraphs into four paragraphs, so let's read the first paragraph together (from the beginning to only Du Kang).
Students read aloud 1.
Q: What is the author worried about? (Answer with this poem)
Then can I sum it up in one sentence-life is short! ! (blackboard writing): Life is short! !
Q: How does the author describe the shortness of life here, and what rhetorical devices does he use?
Clarity: metaphor (ontology, carrier, similarity, function)
Ontology: life
Metaphor: morning dew
Similarity: short retention time (fleeting)
Function: turn abstract into concrete and vivid.
Q: How does the author solve his own troubles?
"Only Du Kang": Du Kang was the first person to make wine, so later generations used Du Kang to refer to wine.
What needs to be clear is:
Although Chinese wine culture has a long history, there are countless poems about wine in ancient and modern China and abroad.
However, we need to emphasize that,
Wine is only a spiritual sustenance, and it can't really relieve anxiety (purpose).
So here you don't look at Cao Cao, but invite the bright moon to share the eternal sorrow with me. In the end, was his sorrow really solved?
Don't! As Li Bai said, "Draw a knife and raise a glass." Sadness has not been solved. Then what is Cao Cao worried about?
Teaching plan design of three short songs in high school Chinese
First of all, talk about textbooks.
The position and function of teaching materials
Short Song is the second poem in Unit 2 of Three Poems, a compulsory Chinese course for senior high school published by People's Education Publishing House. This unit sorts out the poems from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Short Songs is the work of Cao Cao, a famous politician, strategist and writer. Grasp the word "worry" in the poem to write why the poet is "worried" and how to solve it, so as to express his ambition to recruit talents and complete the unification of the world. Through the study of this lesson, the purpose is to let students master the method of appreciating the emotion of poetry content and lay a good foundation for studying and appreciating poetry in the college entrance examination in the future.
Teaching objectives, key points and difficulties
(1) Knowledge and skills: Understand the content of poetry and experience the tortuous expression of the poet's desire to recruit talented people to make contributions. Recite the whole poem.
(2) Process and method: Through repeated reading and questioning, learn the skills of expressing feelings by using rhetorical methods such as metaphors and allusions.
(3) Emotional attitude and values: Understand the connotation of Cao Cao's "worry", realize the poet's ambition to dominate the world, and cultivate students' enterprising spirit.
Second, students.
The teaching object is senior one students. They have completed the required courses now. After learning modern poetry units, I have a certain foundation of poetry learning and mastered the basic methods of reading poetry, but I have not yet formed a systematic method of poetry appreciation learning. At the same time, this unit learning is the first time for senior three to contact with ancient poetry, and the obstacles of poetic language and the span of time are the difficulties for them to learn. Therefore, teachers should guide students to read independently and discuss cooperatively to improve their poetry appreciation ability.
Third, oral teaching methods
Chinese curriculum standards in senior high schools advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. In the teaching process, we should attach importance to students' practical activities, guide students to actively acquire knowledge and improve their Chinese ability in an all-round way. Accordingly, I will adopt the following teaching methods to implement teaching:
1. Reading aloud: Let students perceive the content and emotion of the text by themselves in reading aloud, and experience the artistic conception and theme of poetry.
2. Discuss the method of inspiration: set up doubts from different angles, inspire students to think, let students solve doubts independently in the form of groups, grasp the connotation of poetry, and remember poetry in class on the basis of understanding.
3. Multimedia teaching method: Use multimedia to create situations for students, summarize them in time, expand students' knowledge and better understand poetry.
Fourth, the methods of speaking and learning
Students' autonomous learning, cooperative inquiry and positive thinking are important tasks in classroom teaching. According to the new curriculum standards, combined with the characteristics of this paper, I designed the following specific learning methods:
1. Read aloud
Take a variety of reading methods: the whole class reads together, the teacher demonstrates, the students read silently, and the group reads aloud.
Step 2 sketch
The knowledge content such as word understanding and allusions in poetry guides students to use sketching and circling methods to sort out knowledge points and implement poetry understanding.
3. Discuss the nudge method
Ask questions from different angles, inspire students to think, let students solve problems independently in groups, and grasp the connotation of poetry.
Fifth, talk about the teaching process.
Class schedule: one class.
1. Introduce new courses to stimulate interest.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was divided into three kingdoms, which was an era of heroes, including Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Sun Quan and Cao Cao. How many romantic figures are here to point out the maze and inspire words. How many heroes are there in the world? However, as a representative of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao is always full of controversy. Professor Yi Zhongtian summed up Cao Cao's three titles in Lecture Room: hero, traitor and traitor. People always have different opinions about him. Merits and demerits are judged by people. Today, we travel through history together, approach Cao Cao and listen to "short songs". Let's see what kind of image Cao Cao is here and now.
2. Introduce the title and Cao Cao.
Summarize students' understanding of Cao Cao, fully understand Cao Cao, and use multimedia display, including military, political, literature and other aspects, focusing on literary achievements, and introduce "Jian 'an style" to let students initially perceive the overall style of Cao Cao's poems.
Yuefu poems are divided into "Long song" and "short songs", which are sung according to the length of syllables. Long song is impassioned, passionate and short-paced, which is suitable for expressing inner sadness and anguish.
Learn this lesson to verify whether you have these styles.
3. After the slide orthography, read the text together.
4. Combined with annotation translation, initially perceive emotion.
Group discussion: According to the sentence-making form of poetry, four sentences and one rhyme are composed of eight rhymes. The class is divided into eight groups. Each group translates the assigned sentences to find out whether "worry" is reflected in the assigned poems. If yes, let the students point out how to reflect it. If it's not just "worry", let the students discuss it themselves.
5. Grasp the content of the last paragraph of the poem and explore the emotion of the poem.
Clarify key verses, tap poetic techniques and emotional connotations, and take the form of group self-questioning and teacher supplement to promote the classroom. Use analytical skills and emotional forms to organize classes.
take for example