This poem is based on "Lang Tao Sha" by Tang Dynasty poet Li Yu. The specific original text is as follows: ?
?Lang Tao Sha
Tang Dynasty-Li Yu< /p>
The rain is gurgling outside the curtains,
The mood of spring is fading.
Luo quilt cannot bear the cold at dawn.
I didn’t know I was a guest in the dream,
I was greedy for pleasure for a while.
Don’t lean on the railing when you are alone.
The world is limitless.
It is easy to say goodbye but hard to see others.
As the water falls and the flowers fall, spring passes,
Heaven and earth.
This poem was composed by Li Yu when he was taken to Bianjing under house arrest after his surrender to the Song Dynasty. It expresses his endless recollection of his motherland, home and the beautiful life in the past, and reflects the poet's decline from a king of a country to a class. The desolate state of mind of being a prisoner.
Li Yu (937-978), the sixth son of Li Jing, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was originally named Congjia, with the courtesy name Chongguang, nicknames Zhongyin and Lianfeng Jushi, Han nationality, and his ancestral home is Pengcheng (now Tongshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu) ), the last king of the Southern Tang Dynasty. ?
In the second year of Jianlong of the Northern Song Dynasty (961), Li Yu succeeded to the throne. He respected the Song Dynasty as the orthodoxy and paid annual tribute to ensure peace. In October of the fourth year of Kaibao (971), Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty. Li Yu removed his Tang title and changed his name to "Lord of Jiangnan". In the following year, he devalued the ritual system and removed the owl kiss from the platform hall in Jinling (now Nanjing) to show his respect. Song Ting. In the eighth year of Kaibao's reign (975), the Song army captured Jinling. Li Yu was forced to surrender to the Song Dynasty and was captured in Bianjing (now Kaifeng). On July 7, the third year of the Taiping Xingguo reign (978), Li Yu died in Bianjing. He was known as the Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Empress of Li. Li Yujing has certain attainments in calligraphy, painting, music, and poetry, especially his poetry. Li Yu's lyrics inherited the tradition of Huajian poets such as Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and were also influenced by Li Jing, Feng Yansi, etc. They have bright language, vivid images, sincere feelings and distinctive style. His lyrics after the fall of the country were With its broad subject matter and profound meaning, it is unique among the Ci poems of the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, and has a profound influence on the Ci poetry world of later generations.
At that time, Li Yu was the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty. After being captured by the Song Dynasty, although he had no shortage of food and clothing, he was mentally tortured and had a deep feeling of displacement. Lost in hands. The dignity of the emperor prevented him from easily saying the word "captive", so he implicitly used "guest" to express his feelings instead of the state of the prisoner, so the word "guest" came from this.
The last two sentences use flashback techniques. In the dream, he temporarily forgot his identity as a prisoner and was greedy for a moment of pleasure. But sweet dreams are easy to awaken. The gurgling spring rain outside the curtain and the bursts of spring cold awakened the sweet dreams, making the poet return to the desolate situation of real life. The huge contrast between the dream and the outside is actually the contrast between the two lives of the past and the present, the contrast between being the king of a country and being a prisoner under his subordinates. When writing about "joy" in a dream, who knows that the happier the dream is, the more painful it will be to wake up from the dream; there are no words such as sadness or sorrow, but the sadness can be imagined. Li Qingzhao wrote about "rain" in "Slow Voice": "The sycamore trees are drizzling more and more, and at dusk, it rains bit by bit. This time, how can the word "sorrow" be used?" The sadness is fully revealed. "The rain is gurgling outside the curtain", this rain seems to be the tears falling in the poet's heart; "Spring is fading", the spring is infinitely good, but it has faded, just like the beautiful "past" is gone and hard to return; "The quilt cannot bear the cold at midnight." The unbearable chill comes not only from the natural world, but also from the desolate and lonely inner world. There is a sentence in Li Yu's "Bodhisattva Man": "The dream of returning to the motherland brings tears to my eyes." The love story written is different from this, but the emotion expressed here is more euphemistic and implicit.
"Leaning on the railing alone at dusk, the world is endless", "mo" means "twilight". "Don't lean on the railing" means don't lean on the railing, because leaning on the railing and looking at the country's mountains and rivers will cause infinite sadness and make people unable to face it; "Lanling on the railing" means leaning on the railing in the dusk and looking into the distance, thinking of the changes in the country and the infinite past. "Twilight" also alludes to the twilight of the poet's life. Both explanations are acceptable. Li Shangyin once wrote in the poem "Untitled" that "it is difficult to say goodbye when we meet each other", expressing people's common emotions. After the fall of the Song Dynasty, he was taken captive to Bianjing. It was so difficult to say goodbye to the old capital of Jinling. The sentence "The most hasty farewell to the temple" in "Broken Array: Forty Years of Home and Country" expresses exactly this emotion. But here it is said that "it is easy to say goodbye", which shows that "easy" is to highlight the difficulty of seeing each other again after a farewell; "it is difficult to see each other" also seems to include the emotion that good times are hard to come back and time has passed. "Flowing water and falling flowers are the end of spring, heaven and earth." Just like water flowing forever, flowers falling, spring is about to return, and the spring of life is also over. The word "go" contains so much nostalgia, regret, sorrow and vicissitudes of life. . The status of human kings in the past and the plight of prisoners today are as far away as heaven and earth. "Heaven and Earth" alludes to two completely different life experiences in the past and present. "Heaven and earth" is a biased phrase, which comes from Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow": "But the teaching heart is as strong as gold, and heaven and earth will meet each other." It means heaven and earth, and it is used here to imply that one's days are numbered, " "Heaven and Earth" is the final destination.
This poem expresses the tragic emotion of losing a country and a family. It can be said that "the words are painful, every word is a teardrop, a song is used as a cry, and the sound of mourning is eternal." This sincere emotion originated from the "innocent heart" of the empress (Wu Guowei, Manuscript of "Ren Jian Ci Hua" No. 105), "It is true that those who write in blood are the ones who write in blood" (Wu Guowei, Manuscript of "Hu Jian Ci Hua") 107).
The style of the poems is tragic and the artistic conception is profound, which breaks through the style of the Huajian Ci School. Therefore, Wang Guowei commented: "When the poems were written by Empress Li, their horizons began to expand, and the emotions became deeper, and they changed from the poems of Ling Gong to the poems of scholar-bureaucrats.
”