Han Yu, a great literary master in the middle Tang Dynasty, was good at writing poems, making good use of predecessors' words, and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language. He was able to create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms, such as "adding insult to injury", "complaining easily" and "chaos". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
In the early spring, eighteen people from the Ministry of Water presented two quatrains of seven words to friends in the Tang Dynasty, which were widely circulated in later generations, especially the first one, with meticulous brushwork and proper emotional arrangement, which blended the friendship of close friends into the light rain in Chang 'an in the early spring and showed a state of affection.
Late spring is a poem by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, and it is one of Sixteen Poems on a Tour to the South of the City. At this time, Han Yu is nearly half a year old. It depicts the sadness of falling flowers in late spring, but it is a colorful picture of life.
Chun Xue, this poem was written in the background of Yuanhe Decade. Han Yu worked as a historian in Korea and knew the status of the imperial edict. Being in the north, he missed Chun Xue's early arrival in the south, so he wrote his longing for spring. Maybe it's normal for northerners to have nowhere to look for flowers during the Spring Festival, but it's really a pity for Han Yu, who has traveled in Lingnan in the spring. It's a pity to lament that the spring in the north came late and the grass buds didn't come out until February.
Han Yu's prose
Han Yu's prose is complex and rich in content and diverse in forms. His "essays" or "essays" have played a fighting role in prose, and many of his works have achieved the complete unity of thought and art.
Through the incisive analysis of social phenomena at that time, Yuan Yi reveals the fundamental reason why ordinary literati wanted to vilify the laggards at that time. He accused the social human feelings at that time of being evil and unfair, and issued an appeal for fair employment. The argument of the work is clear and the language is plain. Although the viewpoints of Confucius, Yan Yuan, Luz and Mencius were expounded, they were not quoted, which is a new form of prose creation. Regardless of the secular slander, he boldly followed the teacher and wrote "Teacher's Theory", pointing out the role of teachers and the importance of learning from them. He believes that "nothing is expensive, nothing is cheap, nothing is good, nothing is little" can be regarded as a teacher, and "the existence of Tao is the existence of a teacher". "Disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples; There are stories that have been heard successively, and there are specializations in the industry, that's all. " This view broke the feudal traditional concept of "learning from foreigners" and still has reference value for us today. The article is full of emotion and persuasive. In Miscellaneous Notes IV, he used "a swift horse is common, but a bole is not common" as a metaphor that a talented person is hard to meet a bosom friend, and "only in the hands of a slave", which reflected his deep injustice to his experience.
The analysis of social ills in Han Yu's prose is extremely profound. It is precisely because of this that Han Yu's thought can influence the literati of the Tang and Song Dynasties and is regarded as the first of the "eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
Han Yu's original way
In the middle Tang Dynasty, Han Yu was devastated after the Anshi Rebellion and lost his former grandeur. Buddhism, which has always been isolated from the world, became the main body of academic circles at that time, while Confucianism was declining. Han Yu felt all kinds of social disadvantages at that time and wrote The Original Road, which maintained the position of Confucianism through strong dialectics and words.
At the beginning of The Original Road, Han Yu gave his views on benevolence, righteousness and morality. Han Yu believes that "benevolence" means "righteousness" and "benevolence" means "Tao". However, Lao Tzu despises these things. Han Yu believes that Lao Tzu is not slandering benevolence and righteousness, but is too narrow-minded and has no concept of a frog in a well. Therefore, Han Yu boldly criticized the hypocrisy of Taoism giving up benevolence, righteousness and morality. However, Han Yu is still deeply worried about the decline of Confucianism. If society continues to despise benevolence and righteousness, the rules will be chaotic.
The most important thing is that Han Yu summed up a set of ideological system of "orthodoxy". Han Yu believes that Confucian Tao was taught to CoCo Lee by sages and sages, so that people could survive and multiply. The "orthodoxy" in the hands of one saint was passed on to the next. In this way, "orthodoxy" spread to Confucius through the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and then from Confucius to Mencius. However, after Mencius, no one inherited it, because the theory of Huang Lao prevailed in the Han Dynasty and Buddhism prevailed in the Sui Dynasty after the Western Jin Dynasty. The thought of "orthodoxy" was valued by later Song Confucians, who believed that the orthodox dynasty was the inheritance of "orthodoxy" and that Wang was reasonable.
The relationship between monarch and minister was also mentioned in the original way. Han Yu pointed out that the emperor above gave orders, and the officials below had to carry them out and maintain "orthodoxy". In fact, this also alluded to the powerful buffer region at that time and posed a threat to the central government. The power of the buffer region is too great to listen to the court, which is a contempt for orthodoxy and an infringement on the relationship between the monarch and the minister. However, due to the excessive influence of the buffer region at that time, Han Yu could only express it with one song.