Chetuo, Ma Xiaoxiao, each of you has a bow and quiver. The expedition written at the beginning of the poem, he took the lead, accompanied by the grinding sound of chariots and the neighing sound of war horses, rendering a tragic atmosphere in which a group of scholars ran away from home at a speed. "Father, mother, son, wife, staring at you, until the dust will bury the bridge outside Chang 'an. They shouted as they ran and pulled your sleeve, and their sad voices floated into the sky. " Say goodbye to the crowd. One or three of them outlined the modality of the farewell crowd. Two or four sentences vividly describe the farewell scene. The first sentence was written, father sent his son, mother sent his son, wife sent her husband, and son cried for his father, running in the chaos and talking to each other. This sentence not only depicts the chaos, sadness and fear of the farewell crowd, but also implies the hardship of forced labor and nowhere to live. The word "go" in the sentence outlines my parents' wives' stumbling, dedicated and reluctant feelings when they bid farewell, but this sentence only focuses on the third sentence, "They ran with you, crying, they tugged at your sleeve, and their plaintive voices rose to the clouds". Only by sticking to the theme can we write farewell grief and indignation. The statement used three strong actions in a row, vividly sketching out the people who were going to see me off, crying for land and grieving, and vividly showing people's strong anti-war sentiment. Write a farewell scene in two or four sentences to render the environment and atmosphere. The second sentence says that dust covers the wild. The fourth sentence is about crying loudly, which not only describes the real scene of farewell crossing from two aspects of sound and color. It also echoes the modal outline of the previous one or three sentences; Because of "seeing each other late", the dust is misty, and because of "crying on the road", the voice is dry. This shows the tragic scene that the unjust war led to the separation of people and the destruction of families. It sets a strong tragic tone for the whole poem. It also paves the way for the complaint that the second half of the poem focuses on "pedestrians".
The second part, "And every question that onlookers ask you-the loudest voice in the dark sky on a stormy day", is a commemorative part, which strongly condemns this unjust war from two aspects: military service and taxation.
It can be divided into two floors: "roadside-but their officers drove them to make trouble" is the first floor, and complaints are frequent.
And every time a bystander asks you a question, you can only tell him that you are leaving. The "passers-by" in the poem is actually the poet himself and a witness to this tragic scene. Through his inquiry, a long list of "pedestrians" complained. The word "Yun Dan" is a vivid pen, which shows the anxiety of the asked husband. The word "point-to-line frequency" clearly summarizes the core of the problem, that is, frequent recruitment and adjustment of services. This really hits the nail on the head, and it is not complicated to say. Sharp criticism is contained in ordinary narration.
"We remember that other people were sent to the north to guard rivers when 15 years old, and were sent to western culture farms when they were 40 years old; When they set out, the mayor wrapped a headscarf for them. Now their headscarf hair is white and they are still at the border. " Explain the "point-to-point frequency" with the extensiveness of service area and the complexity of tasks; Say "apply for the fifteenth year" and "camp for forty years", go home with your head wrapped, come back with your head blank, and so on. Explain the "point-to-line frequency" with the garrison time, so that the dissatisfaction contained in these three words is more specific and the criticism is more powerful. This strong dissatisfaction and criticism highlights the tragic war with exaggerated descriptions and shows strong anti-war sentiment. The latter sentence directly denounced the belligerence of the Tang emperor, showing a sharp and distinctive critical spirit.
"You don't smell the Han family in Shandong. In thousands of villages, nothing grows except weeds. Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. China people can face the toughest battles, but their officers drive them away like chickens and dogs. ".
"Pedestrians" complain about this, and "passers-by" can't help asking: How can ordinary people stand this "click frequency"? Then it triggered a deeper complaint from "pedestrians" and further denounced the disaster caused by military service. "You don't smell" is a common cry in Yuefu poems, which happens to be the cry of "pedestrians" here to attract the attention of "passers-by". The four sentences in "Han Jia" specifically describe the scene of people's livelihood dying and rural desolation. "Shandong 200 States" used to be a fertile plain, but now it is full of thorns and desolate. This is not only a large barren area, but also a black spot. Here, like Qin, the recruitment is frequent, the labor force is sharply reduced, and the production is deserted. These two or four sentences more vividly show the tragic scene of the village depression and people's livelihood. Pointedly reveal that increasingly serious crisis in the late Tang dynasty. 5, 6 also wrote that the foot soldiers of Qin were driven to make trouble and suffered a lot. In this way, it not only echoes the situation written in the first book, but also reminds people that the Qin state frequently recruits and recruits horses, and the labor force is insufficient, which is bound to be a thousand flowers. Here, by writing clear black spots and interspersed narration, it is skillfully proved that this desolate scene is a national disaster brought about by the border war, and it is by no means a phenomenon of one place at a time.
The second layer "whatever they are asked to do"-"the loudest in the stormy dark sky" accuses the tax boom.
It is conceivable that "passers-by" listened to "pedestrians" complaining about the desolation of the countryside, which caused him great indignation and deep sympathy for "pedestrians", so he asked how to deal with the rent, which triggered "middle hatred" for "pedestrians".
"No matter what they ask for, service, dare to hate? Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting. Faced with tax challenges, how do they pay? ? "
He took this winter as an example. On the one hand, the Kansai garrison "has no rest" and has to be enlisted. On the other hand, the court was anxious to urge rent and tax. There can also be "servants" to handle the collection, but where does the "rental tax" come from? Although this rhetorical question is plain, it is urgent. There is both anger and protest here. Not only exposure, but also condemnation, which pushed the anger of complaining to a deeper level, and finally concluded: "We already know that it is unlucky to have a son, and it is much better to have a daughter." ; Such a painful conclusion, which is completely contrary to the custom of favoring boys at that time, is that "we bury our boys under the grass" is not only the past, but also the future. It is not only the ending of others, but also the destination of your own future. This sentence comes from the mouth of | "active servicemen" and contains more intense pain, resentment and anger. So in the end, the "active servicemen" came back to life with the cry of "not seeing you", depicting the miserable scene of bones everywhere in Qinghai. It is said that "completely abandoned old bones" pointed out that this phenomenon of dumping bodies in the wilderness has been natural since ancient times. Say, "new ghosts are annoyed, old ghosts cry." It is not only a condemnation of the unjust war in history, but also a criticism of the frontier expansion war at that time. This not only reflects the resentment against the "servant", but also shows the poet's sympathy for the victims.
The artistic features of this poem are meticulous structure, close combination of notes and statements, the combination of group images and individual images in the middle, and the noisy and miserable scenes written in the notes are the foreshadowing of the notes; The war disaster written in the narrative part is the deepening of the narrative part and sets off each other, so it is more infectious. In the first half, the border guards in xian yangqiao and the people who saw me off cried for the land. From the beginning of people crying to the end of ghost crying, the whole poem was shrouded in a tragic atmosphere.
This is a new Yuefu poem. "Xing" is a title that is different from ordinary ancient prose, and later generations also call it "Gexing Style". However, Du Fu's Song-style poems are "masterpieces, without support". A new topic written by an innovative topic, Yuefu. Its rhyme is very flexible; There is a smooth rhyme and a rhyming rhyme; There are rhymes of conjunctions and clauses; Rhyme, rhyme. Its sentence pattern, in which seven sentences are the main body, is inserted with five paragraphs, such as the following eight sentences, "Ask whatever you want", and there are three-character, six-character and seven-sentence patterns before and after it, which is full of musical beauty.