Ellipsis can make poems compact, refined and conform to the requirements of metrical rules, so it is common to omit sentences in poetry creation.
1. Omit the subject
For example:
(1) I feel uncomfortable in the evening, (I) I have driven up among the Leyou Tombs.
(2) Ping Ming (I) sought Bai Yu, (Bai Yu) pointed deep in the hard rock.
2. Omit the predicate
For example:
(1) Looking for chapters and sentences, the old carving insects, xiao yue as a curtain (for example) hanging a jade bow.
(2) It's late in the day (taking photos) of the beautiful rivers and mountains, and the spring breeze (blowing) flowers and plants.
3. Omit the object
For example:
(1) take home an armful, for my sake (Red Bean), as a symbol of our love.
(2) It is common to see (Li Guinian sings) in Qiwang's house, and Cui Jiutang heard (his singing) several times before.
4. Omit the preposition
For example:
(1) It's flying down three thousands of feet, and it's suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days.
(2) Two orioles sing (in) green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky.
5. Omit the locative words
For example,
(1) Sunset on the screen window is getting dusk, and no one in the Golden Room (room) sees any tears.
(2) The light rain on the top of Tianjie is crisp, but the grass color is not close at a distance.
6. Omit the attributive head word
For example:
(1) Wang Yang Lu Luo's poems are contemporary, light and thin.
(2) I heard the willow (tune) in this nocturne, and no one can miss home!
7. Omitting conjunctions
For example:
(1) If the east wind does not cooperate with Zhou Lang, then (2) Tongque Spring locks Er Qiao deeply.
(2) The wind should be blown out in the Ming Dynasty, so watch the fire at night.
8. Omit two or more words
For example:
(1) Four hundred and eighty temples in the southern dynasties, how many towers (stand) in the wind and rain.
(2) I miss my family (in) the moon (below) and stand at night, remembering my brother watching the clouds (in) and sleeping in the daytime.
In addition, there are some elements that omit adverbials, concurrent words and so on, so I won't list them one by one. Misalignment refers to the inversion and crossing of poetry components, which is often for the needs of rhyme, leveling, antithesis and rhetoric. There are mainly the following situations:
1. The subject is moved to the back of the predicate
For example,
(1) The clothes are wet with apricot blossoms and rain, and the face is not cold.
("apricot blossom rain" and "willow wind" are subjects or subject parts, and "stick" and "blow" are predicates.
(2) Chai Men smells dogs barking, and the snow returns to people at night ("people" is the subject and "return" is the predicate).
(3) over the quiet marsh-land flies a white egret, and mango-birds are singing in the full summer trees.
("Egret" and "oriole" are subjects, and "flying" and "yi" are predicates. )
2. The object is placed before the predicate
For example,
(1) The rain in Tianjie is crisp, but the grass color is near at a distance.
("look" is the predicate, and "grass color" is the object and additional components. )
(2) This song should only be heard in the sky. How many times can people hear it?
("you" is the predicate, and "this song" is the object and additional components. )
(3) I was banished for my blunders, by a wise ruler, I have been sick so long I see none of my friends.
("abandon" and "sparse" are predicates, while "bucai" and "old friend" are objects. )
3, attributive postposition
For example:
(1) Stop and sit in Aifenglin (evening), and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
("Late" is the attributive of the object "Fenglin", which should be translated as "Late Autumn Fenglin". )
(2) Japanese Chaoqing wrote about the Imperial City and set sail (one piece) around the penghu.
("a piece" is the attributive of the subject "sail", which should be "a piece of sail around the penghu". )
4. Cross-staggered (there is more than one position to change)
For example,
(1) Alone pity the secluded grass, and there are orioles [deep trees] singing on the top.
("Deep tree" is an adverbial, and "oriole" is a part-time word. )
(2) the water falls (ichthyosaur) [night], and the mountains are empty (bird and mouse) [autumn].
(It should be: the water falls at night in Yulongchuan, and the Bird and Mouse Mountain is empty in autumn. )
In addition, there are adverbial postposition and complement preposition. A sentence composed of noun phrases, in which there are no verbs or adjectives as predicates, is called "nominal mode". It is a special form in ancient poetry because some elements are omitted from the sentence or several sentences are condensed. Its implied meaning can be expressed implicitly from the meaning of the question, word order, or between the upper and lower sentences. From the perspective of grammatical structure, it has the following two situations:
1. The noun in front cannot be independent, but exists as a component of the sentence behind. For example:
(1)[ In the old days] (in front of Wang Xietang) Yan flew to (ordinary) people's homes.
(The noun phrases in front of the subject "Yan" are attributives and adverbials. This sentence is mainly the subject and its additional components. When combined with the next sentence, it is a simple sentence. )
(2) (Xuandu Guanli) Peach (thousand) trees, [all] were planted after Liu Lang left.
Thousands of peach trees in Xuandu Guanli were planted after Liu Lang left. The previous sentence is also the subject and its additional components. When combined with the next sentence, it is a simple sentence. )
2. Noun words exist as a sentence or as clauses of a complex sentence. For example,
(1) Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir.
(The next sentence is a noun sentence composed of nouns, which forms a complex sentence with the previous sentence, and the previous sentence and the next sentence are clauses. )
(2) Thousands of miles of yingti are green and red, and the water village is full of wine flags.
(The next sentence is also a noun sentence composed of nouns, which forms a complex sentence with the previous sentence, and the previous sentence and the next sentence are clauses. )
(3) a thousand miles from her home, a lady of the palace lived here these twenty years.
(The verbs are omitted in these two noun sentences, which can be translated as: three thousand miles away from home, secluded in a lady of the palace lived here these twenty years. The first sentence focuses on space, and the second sentence focuses on time, starting from the perspective of time and space comparison, in order to increase the depth of poetry and artistic conception. )
Nominal expressions often appear not only in quatrains, but also in couplets or necklaces of metrical poems, becoming antithetical sentences of nominal expressions, which makes people feel neat and beautiful. For example, in Wen Tingyun's "Morning Trip to Shangshan", "The moon in the lonely village of Maodian, the frost on the bridge"; "a light wind is rippling at the grassy shore, through the night, to my motionless tall mast" in Du Fu's a night abroad; In Lu You's Book of Wrath, "It snows in the boat at night, and the iron horse is scattered in the autumn wind." Readers can only know the subtlety of their artistic language by reciting these poems repeatedly and deeply.