The first eight sentences are the first layer, mainly writing about the dissatisfaction after the frustration of officialdom and the contradictory situation at that time. In Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties, the power struggle was fierce and the official career was sinister. Therefore, literati have ambition to make progress and live in seclusion, while poets are faced with the dilemma of neither. From the beginning of the poem, I wrote: "Qian Qiu" is a metaphor for the life of seclusion and self-appreciation, and "Hong Fei" is a metaphor for the realm of striving for fame; The following two sentences say that no matter the former or the latter, I am deeply ashamed that I can't do it myself. Among the four sentences, the third sentence follows the second sentence closely, and the fourth sentence is far from the first sentence, which is poetic and coherent. The above four sentences use metaphor to write their own dilemma, but why this happens is not clear, so the last four sentences realize the first four sentences. "Entering Germany" means making progress and doing good for the world, which corresponds to the sentence "Hong Fei". -But despite this ambition, it's not that smart. The actual meaning of this sentence is that honesty and frankness are honest and even framed by others. "Returning from the field" means returning to the countryside to be responsible for its own profits and losses, which corresponds to the sentence "diving". -But this wish is beyond my power. To thank the wealth, of course, there is no problem of "returning farmland to forests". The actual meaning of this sentence is that I have many intentions to retire, but I can't realize it because of the situation. Because at that time, if Xie Lingyun refused to go to his post and publicly expressed his opposition to those in power, it would probably lead to more trouble. Next, I further wrote that I came to this remote corner of the sea in despair. For a long time after winter, I was lying in a hospital bed, facing only bleak and desolate empty Woods. The whole poem goes from virtual to real, from far to near, and the atmosphere gradually drops to the lowest point.
Write down what you saw when you went upstairs in eight sentences from "pillow" below to the second floor. "Sleeping on a pillow, regardless of the season and climate" comes from the previous sentence "Lying in an empty forest". It was written that it was winter and spring when I was sick, which naturally led to "temporary landing" in the later period. "Temporary" means short time, which means being strong when you are sick. "Tilting one's ears" and "lifting one's eyes" describe the poet's extreme love for natural scenery. The knocking sound of pond water waves makes people feel deeply when they listen carefully; The remote mountains are rugged, which makes people feel relaxed and happy from a distance. There is a scene in front of us: the first scene is the sunshine of the new year, which is getting rid of the "gentle wind" that is, the residual wind in winter, and the "new yang" that is, spring has replaced the "old yin" that is, the law of winter. "The First Scene" and "Xinyang" write the overall feeling, which is a virtual pen. The following two sentences, "pond" and "garden willow", are detailed descriptions in close-ups. "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willow turns into a songbird" is one of Xie Shi's most famous poems, which attracted many people's appreciation and even led to some mysterious legends. Zhong Peishi quoted Xie's Family Records as saying: "(Xie Lingyun attacked Jue Gong) Every pair of Huilian (Xie Huilian, brother of Lingyun) has a good word. Later, in Xitang, Yongjia, I was thinking about poetry, but suddenly I saw Huilian during my nap and became' Spring Grass in the Pool'. Therefore, I tasted the cloud:' This language is helpful, not my language'. " Regardless of the truth of the story, this couplet seems to be quite famous. However, it has also been suggested that these two sentences are really common and there is nothing to boast about. How to treat it can be analyzed a little.
It seems that this couplet (especially the previous sentence) is really ordinary, with no tempering power, and the scenery written is nothing special. However, it should be noted that it well shows the characteristics of early spring and the poet's mood at that time. The grass around the pond (especially in the sunny places) recovered early and grew fast because of the moisture of the pool water and the cold wind blocking the hillside, and the green was particularly fresh and tender and thriving. But it is so common that most people don't notice it. At the beginning of Xie Lingyun's long illness, this ordinary scenery suddenly touched him and made him feel the vitality of everything in spring, so naturally he had this fresh sentence. "The willow in the garden has become a songbird", which means that the newly migrated birds are singing on the willow branches, which is also a subtle change. The two poems show the poet's keen feeling and the oscillation of melancholy mood in the rhythm of spring. Moreover, in the early Song Dynasty, represented by Xie Lingyun, there was an atmosphere of pursuing good sentences. Usually, good sentences were obtained by repeated carving and ingenious craftsmanship. In such an atmosphere, this natural, vivid and charming poem is outstanding. In short, judging from the specific literary environment and specific poems, "Spring grass grows in the pond, and the willow blossoms are bright in another village" is indeed a good sentence, and it is meaningless to comment alone. Judging from the whole poem, writing here, my mood gradually turned into a warm tone of joy and joy.
The second layer is the most wonderful part of this poem. The poet spent a winter in his sickbed, and now it is early spring. He sat by the window, listening to the distant waves lapping on the shore; Looking up at the rolling mountains. The scenery seen nearby is: "Spring grass grows in a long pond, and the garden willows become songbirds." The poet chose a small and typical shot from many scenes in which winter went and spring came: unconsciously, spring grass bloomed in the pond outside the building; The birdsong among the weeping willows in the small garden has also changed. It was from the changes in the pond garden that the poet who had been ill for a long time suddenly realized that there was a strong spring outside. The scenery here is colorful, far and near, and full of vitality. The word "pond" has always been praised by poetic theorists. Its beauty lies in its freshness and naturalness.
The last six sentences are the third floor. The first two sentences think of ancient poems describing spring scenery, from climbing stairs to watching Spring Festival couplets, expressing feelings with allusions, and turning emotions into sadness. The "typhoid fever song" in Qi Qi's typhoid fever song refers to the book of songs in July, in which there are some sentences describing spring scenery, such as "picking Qi Qi". According to the traditional explanations such as Preface to Mao's Poems and Poems, "Song of Febrile Diseases" was written by Duke Zhou when he was rumored and left home to avoid slander. Xie Lingyun used this metaphorical allusion. The "Chu Yin" in "The Sense of Chu Yin" refers to the chapter "Chu Ci Zhao Hermit", which contains the sentence "Spring grass grows and grows". The so-called "feeling secluded" means feeling the life of a hermit. These two sentences returned to the first floor, but they were not simply repeated, but were intended to get rid of the embarrassing situation and decided to take the road of seclusion. Then, write two sentences about "seclusion" and "seclusion", which means that seclusion makes people feel that years are long, life is boring and it is difficult to feel at ease. Poetically speaking, these two sentences refer to the thoughts of ordinary people, not themselves. But in latent psychology, this rejected idea also vaguely revealed some doubts of his own. Xie Lingyun, who was born in Huaying, was valued by the world and was arrogant and conceited. It is not easy for him to live in seclusion. But no matter how lucky, he has made up his mind to retire. There are two sentences at the end of the poem: "Is it unique to hold an exercise? Today is not boring at all! " "No annoyance" comes from the Book of Changes, which means that a man of great virtue has no worries about avoiding the world. The meaning of these two sentences is: observing moral integrity is not only possible for the ancients, but also the so-called "isolation" of Zhouyi can be tested for today! In this way, the artistic conception of the poem will be freed from the dilemma, and the whole article will end in a high-pitched tone. About half a year later, Xie Lingyun finally resigned and retired to his ancestral home in sharping.
In this poem, the poet expresses his inner anguish in various ways, or compares happiness, and uses the gains and losses of autumn and flood to illustrate his loss; Or say it, telling the loneliness of a person living in a foreign land; Or write about feelings with scenery, and set off the poet's inner depression with the interesting spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River.
This poem focuses on climbing the pool and going upstairs, expressing various complicated emotions. There is narcissism, political frustration, frustration, resentment against political opponents and interest in seclusion. Although the language is obscure, it does show the process of inner activities. The description of scenery in the poem is closely combined with lyric, which becomes the hub of emotional change in the poem. The description of scenery also reflects the poet's love and sensitivity to nature, which is the condition for his creation of landscape poetry school. However, the language is too abstruse, the sentence pattern lacks change, and some repetitions are caused by confrontation, which is also a significant weakness. All these need the development of poetry to correct.