Bodhisattva Man
Wei Zhuang
The farewell night in the Red Mansion is melancholy, the incense lamp is half rolled up in the tassel tent. When the waning moon went out, the beauty and her tears left her.
The pipa has golden and green feathers, and the oriole's language is on the strings. Advise me to go home early, the green windows are full of people like flowers.
1
On the night of separation in the Red Mansion, I felt melancholy. The lights and candles illuminated the half-draped curtains and emitted bursts of fragrance. The beauty stayed up all night long talking and crying, holding hands to send each other off with a waning moon still hanging in the western sky.
The pipa is decorated with golden and green bird feathers, and the strings are plucked with witty words like the cry of an oriole. Every sound seemed to be urging me to go home as soon as possible. The green grass outside the window reflected the people waiting like flowers.
2
Wei Zhuang (836-910), named Duanji, was born in Duling, Chang'an (now southeast of Xi'an, Shaanxi). His father died young and his family was poor, but he was very diligent, talented and informal. In the first year of Guangming (880), when he was four or five years old and was taking the imperial examination in Chang'an, when Huang Chao's army invaded Chang'an, Wei Zhuang wrote a 1,666-word long narrative poem "Qin Women's Song", which was called "Qin Women's Song" by people at the time. Scholar". Later, he wandered for a long time and accepted the influence of folk poetry during his wandering. In the first year of Qianning of Zhaozong (894), he was awarded Jinshi at the age of fifty-nine. When Zhaozong was sixty-six years old in the first year of Tianfu (901), he became the secretary of Xishu. After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, in September of the fourth year of Tianyou (907), he persuaded Wang Jian to proclaim himself emperor, and was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Pingzhangshi, and established the founding system of the country.
Song Yang Shi's "Ancient and Modern Ci": "Weizhuang lived in Shu in the name of his talent, and Wang Jian separated the regime, so he detained him. Zhuang had a favored person, a beautiful talent, and was also good at poetry. Jian heard about it and entrusted him to teach. "Zhuang Chunqiu" also records: "There was a beautiful concubine in Zhuang who was good at writing poems. Gao Zu asked her to teach the palace and took her away by force." Zhuang wrote the poem "Visiting Jinmen" to recall it. "Ji heard about it and died without eating."
In August of the third year of Wucheng (910), Wei Zhuang died in Hualinfang, Chengdu, and was buried in Baishazhiyang. He was seventy-five years old.
Three
"People are like flowers", clear as words, and profound. Flowers are beautiful, but they will eventually fall apart. People are as beautiful as flowers, but also as easy to wither as flowers. It is a metaphor for the woman in the boudoir who leans against the window and looks into the distance. She is like a flower in her prime, but her youth is fleeting.
"Flower Room Collection" collects five poems from Wei Zhuang's "Bodhisattva Man", which are echoing groups of words. They were all written by Wei Zhuang in his later years as he recalled the past. This is the first one. Below are the other four songs:
Second
Everyone says Jiangnan is good, but tourists only like Jiangnan. The spring water is as green as the sky, and the boat is painted and sleeping while listening to the rain.
The people on the side are like the moon, and their bright wrists are covered with frost and snow. Don't return to your hometown before you are old. Returning to your hometown requires breaking your heart.
Third
Now I recall Jiangnan Le, when I was young and had thin clothes. Riding a horse and leaning on the leaning bridge, the building is full of red sleeves.
The green screen and gold bend, drunkenly sleeping among the flowers. Seeing flowers and branches at this time, I swear I will never return.
Fourth
I advise you to get drunk tonight, and don’t talk about tomorrow’s affairs before you. Cherish the heart of the host, and the wine will be deeply affectionate.
Don’t worry about the spring leakage being short, but don’t complain about the gold cup being full. When you drink and laugh, how much can life be?
Fifth
The spring in Luoyang is good, and the talented people in Luoyang are old in a foreign country. The willow darkened the embankment of King Wei, and at this moment his heart became confused.
Peach blossoms bloom in the spring water, and mandarin ducks bathe in the water. I hate Canhui, but I don’t know how to remember you.
The ancients called the five poems of "Bodhisattva Man" similar to "Nineteen Ancient Poems", which are resentful but not angry, and infinitely low-key. Chen Tingzhuo said that "Duansi's poems reveal the thoughts of his late emperor." These five poems, on the surface, are written about the longing for a beautiful woman, but there is indeed a very deep longing for the motherland.
Four
Yan music, known as "Hu Yili Lane music" by the ancients, has two main sources: one is the music of the Western Regions; the other is the folk music of the Central Plains and Jiangnan. It was formed during the Sui and Tang Dynasties and flourished during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there were two places that were relatively stable and prosperous. One is the Southern Tang Dynasty, which considers itself to be the continuation of the Tang Dynasty's orthodoxy and has its capital in Nanjing; the other is Hou Shu, which has its capital in Chengdu. The first collection of literati's poems in the history of Chinese literature, "The Collection of Flowers", was born in Western Shu.
In 940 AD, Zhao Chongzuo of the Later Shu Dynasty compiled 500 poems from eighteen schools of thought into "Hua Jian Ji". Most of these writers were born in Western Shu or once traveled here as officials, so they are called Western Shu poets, and the concept of the "Huajian" Ci School was naturally formed.
During the Five Dynasties, the Ci Circle of the Southern Tang Dynasty appeared in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which mirrored the "Huajian" of Western Shu. It was represented by Li Jing, Li Yu and Feng Yansi. In his creation, he pays attention to the expression of his true feelings, which often arouses rich emotions and associations in the readers' hearts.
Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, and Zhang Zhihe wrote lyrics occasionally. Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang were the ones who really concentrated on writing a lot of lyrics and achieved high artistic achievements. Chen Tingzhuo of the Qing Dynasty spoke highly of it: "Song poetry can surpass the Five Dynasties, but cannot surpass Feiqing and Duansi. They have reached their extreme.
"("Bai Yuzhai Ci")
However, Wen's Ci is not very distinctive in its creative personality, rich and gorgeous, more dense and more subtle; Wei's Ci focuses on the expression of personal feelings, fresh and smooth, more sparse and more obvious, and good at using The line drawing technique has a strong narrative color. Wei Zhuang's words are natural in making words, which breaks through the elaboration of Wen Tingyun's words. , "April 17, it was today last year", "Don't go back to your hometown before you are old, for returning home requires breaking your heart", "Have a laugh when you are drunk, what can you do in life?" "
Wang Guowei said in "Human Words": "'The Yellow Ying Yu on the String' is Duanji's language, and the quality of his words is also similar to it. " called his poems "Beautiful", and believed that Wei's poems were superior to Wen's, "Wen Feiqing's poems are beautiful in sentences; Wei Duanji's poems are beautiful in bones".
Wei's poems have a strong subjective color, Writing one's own joys and sorrows makes it easier to appeal to the readers' emotions. All of this opened up a new path for later poets. Starting from Wei Zhuang, poetry gradually became independent of music and had its own literary independent life. Through Li Yu and Su Shi. , Xin Qiji finally became the mainstream.