How many historical periods did China's ancient poems and songs go through? What are the musical characteristics of each period?

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, under the atmosphere of the gentry talking about Hyunri, metaphysical poetry came into being, and the confluence of metaphysics and Buddhism in the Eastern Jin Dynasty contributed to its development, so that metaphysical temple occupied a hundred years in the poetry circle in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the early Song Dynasty, metaphysical poetry turned to landscape poetry, and Xie Lingyun was the first person to write landscape poetry vigorously. The appearance of landscape poetry has expanded the theme of poetry and enriched the expressive techniques of poetry, which is a great progress in the history of China's poetry. During the Jin and Song Dynasties, a great poet-Tao Yuanming appeared. He discovered poetry in his daily life and created a new garden of pastoral poetry. He brought the simple poetic style of the Han and Wei Dynasties into a more refined situation and raised "nature" to the extreme of beauty. He was the highest literary achiever in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and had a great influence on the later literary development. There was an important turning point in literature between Jin and Song Dynasties, and later it pursued the beauty of artistic form. Bao Zhao's breakthrough in Qiyan Yuefu in the Song Dynasty and the fresh breath brought by folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties are also of great significance. There are two noteworthy literary phenomena in the Qi and Liang Dynasties. First, the poetic style has changed a lot. Zhou Qing discovered four tones in Chinese, and Shen Yue applied the knowledge of four tones to the melody of poetry, and together with Xie Tiao and Wang Rong, he founded "Yongming Style". They tried to establish a strict and harmonious poetic meter, and made many new explorations in terms of words, things and duality. This made necessary preparations for the formation of modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty, and "Yongming style" became an important form of transition from ancient poetry to modern poetry. Secondly, a group of people gathered around the emperor and the prince, forming three literary groups centered on Wang Xiaoliang Zi, Jingling of the Southern Qi Dynasty, ZSZSZSZ and Xiao Tong of the Liang Dynasty and Xiao Gang of the Liang Dynasty. Group participation in creative activities can easily lead to the convergence of materials and styles, and can also improve artistic skills through mutual learning. During the period of Liang and Chen, palace poems became the mainstream of poetry creation, mainly expressing palace life with gorgeous words and expressions, with many themes of chanting things, and women also became the objects of chanting things like other palace vessels. This creative atmosphere continued until the early Tang Dynasty, and it was only in the hands of the "Four Masters" and Chen Ziang that there was a fundamental change. Tang poetry is the peak of China's poetry. From the aesthetic point of view, Tang poetry contains five aesthetic characteristics: first, spiritual beauty, and poets in the Tang Dynasty can freely transform their spiritual feelings and internal essential strength into beautiful artistic images; Second, the beauty of music. On the one hand, Tang poetry inherited the rhythm-oriented characteristics of Southern Dynasties poetry, and on the other hand, it was influenced by western music, with unique musical beauty. Third, architectural beauty, Tang poetry, like architecture, can transform plane time art into works with a sense of three-dimensional space; Fourth, the beauty of personality, the poets in the Tang Dynasty have their own distinct personalities, and there are few people with similar personalities among the Ming Yan poets; Fifth, the beauty of artistic conception. On the basis of predecessors' achievements, poets in the Tang Dynasty further overcame the contradiction between things and me, subjective and objective contradictions, and their poems were completely interactive and blended with each other, creating the highest artistic beauty of China's poems. The prosperity of Song Ci is closely related to the special background of the Song Dynasty and the stylistic features of Ci. Ci originated from the folk and has a strong entertainment color. Ci originated from the lyrics of the Tang Dynasty, and the sentences are long and short, which are closely combined with music and can be sung. Due to the development of commerce, the prosperity of cities and the increasing number of citizens in the Song Dynasty, the words that can be sung are more suitable for the entertainment life in the market than other forms of literary works. At that time, class contradictions and ethnic contradictions were sharp, and irregular sentences made it easier to express people's thoughts of worrying about the country and the people. Therefore, they gradually flourished, replacing poetry and becoming the mainstream of literature, including Yuan Qu, Qu and Song Opera. Yuanqu consists of Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu is a new style poem in Yuan Dynasty, and Zaju is a comprehensive drama. There were many talented playwrights in Yuan Dynasty, among which Guan Hanqing was the best. The musical characteristics of each period maintained a unified trend. With the establishment of a centralized feudal country, the original situation of a hundred schools of thought contending is no longer suitable. Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism" and Han Wudi "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", and the music culture turned to Confucianism, which had always occupied a revered position in the Han Dynasty. Yuefu was established in the Qin Dynasty, which was an institution in charge of the national music culture and was strengthened during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Yuefu has more than 1000 musicians from all over the country and nationalities, and widely collects folk music from all over the country and nationalities, and processes, adapts and creates it to varying degrees. So it had a great influence on the development of music culture at that time. These court music in Han Dynasty, which was improved by Yuefu institutions, showed a completely different look from the old slave owner Yayue, and extended to music life outside the court, such as performances in official residences and landlords' estates. At that time, there were many genres of performances, such as drum music, harmony songs, songs and dances, musical instruments and so on, among which drum music and harmony songs were the most important. The further development of musical instruments is another feature of Qin and Han music. On the one hand, the instruments used at that time were cymbals, drums, flutes, pools, sheng, cymbals, harps and so on. At the same time, new musical instruments, such as pipa, horn, flute (vertical blowing), guzheng, architecture, pipa and harp, especially pipa stringed instrument, have appeared, which is a major evolution of musical instruments. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the three-point profit and loss rule established at the beginning of the Warring States period was always dominant. Later, in the performance, it was found that the twelve laws of the three-point profit and loss method could not return to Huang Zhong's law, and Fang Jing's theory of sixty laws appeared, but it had no practical value and only inspired future generations to explore the legal system. The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were turbulent periods in China's history. At this time, the country is divided, wars are frequent, and complex contradictions distort the image of society. People even regard music as a refuge for spiritual sustenance. The Guqin music Drunkenness by Ruan Ji of the Three Kingdoms is an example. With music and Qin Le as the mainstay, the cultural exchange of music has been further expanded. Shang Qing music, developed from southern folk songs, is the product of the combination of western music of Song Xianghe, Wu Ge and Jingchu. Most of the works are about love, and the style is gentle, fresh and natural. Qin music changed from a court musician to a scholar in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and made great progress in the Han Dynasty. Many famous literati such as Sima Xiangru and Cai Yong are virtuosos. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the piano art has reached a climax, and many famous artists, such as Ruan Ji and Ji Kang in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Yong in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, are all famous for their pianos. Ruan Ji's piano piece Drunk has become a masterpiece. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the internal migration of the northern nationalities and the southward migration of the Kim family, as well as years of war, not only caused destruction, but also formed economic and cultural exchanges and national integration between the north and the south. At the end of the 5th century, the music of Qing merchants from the south flowed into the Northern Dynasties. At the beginning of the 6th century, the drum-horn cross-blowing song in the south was called "Northern Song Dynasty". Three hundred and eighty-three years ago, Qin Lu recruited Qiuci, and Qiuci music was brought to Liangzhou, where it was combined with Central Plains music to form "Qin and Han Music" (later called "Western Cool Music"). In the middle of 4th century, music from Tianzhu (India) was introduced, and in the middle of 5th century, Korean music was introduced. Frequent musical and cultural exchanges played a positive role in the development of music at that time. That's all I know. I hope I can help you.