brief introduction
Meaning: In poetry and songs, words with the same or similar vowels are used at the end of some sentences to make the tone harmonious and beautiful. The so-called rhyming (also called rhyming and Ye Yun) means putting the words with the same rhyme in the designated position. The so-called rhyme is to classify words with the same vowels into one category, which is called rhyme. All the words in the homonym are homophones. Any poem requires rhyme, no matter ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign. The difference is that there are more or less restrictions on rhyme, and there are strict and wide restrictions. This is also the biggest difference between poetry and other literary genres. The common rhyme is 108. Rhyme is an important means to enhance the musicality of poetry. Modern poetry pays great attention to rhyme in order to make the tone harmonious and easy to remember. The ancients usually used official books that specially instructed the use of rhyme, such as Tang Yun, Guang Yun, Libu Rhyme, Peiwenyun, Integration of Rhyme and Combination of Rhyme. Among them, the rhyme of "Xin Kan" in Wang Wenyu in the Southern Song Dynasty is the most popular, that is, the so-called 108 level rhyme. But what needs to be understood is that it is not worth destroying the essence of poetry in order to accommodate rhyme. Unless you take the imperial examination, even if you rhyme a word or two occasionally, the ancients are allowed.
rule
The rhyme of modern poetry has strict rules, which can be summarized as follows: the first sentence can be pledged or not, and the next sentence must be flat.
Even sentences rhyme.
There are 2468 rhymes in metrical poems and 24 rhymes in quatrains. Whether it is a metrical poem or a quatrain, the first sentence may or may not rhyme. For example, a letter to Han Chuo, Yangzhou magistrate (Du Mu), the castle peak is covered with water, and the vegetation in the south of the Yangtze River is withered in autumn. Where does the Jade Man teach oral sex at Bridge 24 on a moonlit night? The first 124 sentence rhymes. Another example: Leyou Tomb (Li Shangyin), with a twilight shadow in my heart, I have opened it in Leyou Tomb. Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk. The first sentence doesn't rhyme, but two or four sentences rhyme. Generally speaking, it is common that the first sentence of five-character poems does not rhyme, and it is also common that the first sentence of seven-character poems rhymes. For the rules of whether the first sentence rhymes or not, please refer to Table ④ of Pingping.
Only bet on rhymes.
It is almost a dead rule that modern poetry can only rhyme. In fact, in the style of modern poetry, it will be very difficult to bet the sound, so the ancients can consciously abide by this rule. There are no counterexamples in memory, so I won't give them here.
Rhyme at the end
You can't change rhyme in the middle. Ancient poems (ancient styles) are allowed to change rhyme in the middle, but modern poems are not allowed to do so.
The rhyme of the first sentence can be borrowed from the adjacent rhyme.
The rhyme of classical poetry can be mixed with the rhyme of neighboring rhymes, such as Dong Yi and Er Dong, Si Zhi and Wu Wei, which are called tongyun. However, the rhyme of modern poetry must strictly only use words with the same rhyme. Even if the number of words in this rhyme is small (called narrow rhyme), it cannot be mixed with words in other rhymes. Otherwise, it is called rhyme, which is the taboo of modern poetry. But if the first sentence rhymes, you can borrow adjacent rhymes. Because the first sentence can be put or not, you can bend the rules. Such as "Drunk Drinking in the Army to Send Ba Shen Liu Sou": The wine is thirsty for Qingjiang River, and the rest is dry to soothe the dusk. Soft sand leans on the seat, and Leng Shi wakes up drunk. Picnics are accompanied by accounts, and Huayin is happy. Several cups are missing. They have all been sent to Shen Ming. This song "Ting Xing Ling Ming" consists of nine tones, but the first sentence borrows the word "Qing" from Ba Geng. This is called borrowing neighboring rhymes, which was popular in the late Tang Dynasty and even formed an atmosphere in the Song Dynasty. Please refer to Tongzhuan Guyun and 108 Pingshui Yun.
avoid
1, avoid heavy rhyme, that is, the same rhyme word appears repeatedly in the rhyme foot of a poem, which is a big taboo. 2. Avoid juxtaposing synonyms, such as "flower", "flower", "fragrance" and "fragrance" in a poem. 3. avoid rhyming. Most ancient poems were written according to the official rhyme. Many words that we thought were homonyms contained different rhymes in the official rhyme, such as "winter" and "east". If they are in the same poem, they rhyme. This is mainly due to the change of ancient and modern pronunciation, so it is unnecessary to emphasize this point today.
Sing a song with others.
Chorus is to rhyme according to the rhyme used in other people's poems, which is called "harmony rhyme" or "step rhyme" There are three main ways:
Follow a given or another poet's rhythmic sequence.
Also known as rhyme, that is, using the same rhyme words in the original poem, and the order must be the same, which is the most common way.
rhyme
That is, the rhyme in the original poem is used, but not necessarily in its order.
Yi Yun
That is, use words that rhyme with the original poem, but the original words don't have to.
Edit the comparison table of eighteen rhymes and thirteen rhymes in this paragraph with vowels in Mandarin.
Eighteen rhymes: one hemp, the vowels A, ua and ia in Xinhua Dictionary belong to the same rhyme. The second wave, vowels o and uo. Three songs, vowel e. Four are vowels ie, ue. Five vowels, I (belonging to the initials zh, ch, sh, Z, C, S, different from Qi Qi). Six, vowel er. Qiqi, vowel I (belonging to initials B, P, M, F, D, T, N, L, J, Q, X, Y, different from five). Bawei, vowel ei, ui. Jiukai, vowel ai, uai. Aunt Shi, vowel u.eleven fish, vowel v.twelve hou, vowel ou, iu. Room thirteen, vowel ao. Fourteen cold vowels an, ian and uan. Fifteen marks, vowels en, in, un, vn. Sixteen Tang, vowel ang, uang, ang. Seventeen Geng, vowel eng, ing. Eighteen holes, vowel ang, ong. Thirteen strokes are thirteen rhymes, namely, one flower, one hemp and eighteen rhymes. Two shuttle waves, two waves, three songs and eighteen rhymes. Triclinic, the fourth of eighteen rhymes. Four uniforms, eighteen rhymes, five, six, seven. Five ash piles, eight micro rhymes. Six Huailai, eighteen rhymes and nine. Seven gusu, eighteen rhymes and ten gusu. Eight clothes tyrants, eighteen rhymes and eleven fish. Nine from seeking, eighteen rhymes and twelve Hou. Ten remote bars and thirteen houses with eighteen rhymes. Before eleven characters, fourteen cold and eighteen rhymes. Twelve ministers, eighteen rhymes and fifteen points. Thirteen Wang Yang, eighteen rhymes and sixteen Tang Dynasties. Fourteen Middle East, seventeen Geng and eighteen East Rhymes. Because the 13-track Qigusu and Bayiba correspond to the rhyme of ten cares and eleven fish, the merger is 13 tracks. Thirteen rhymes, also known as "Thirteen rhymes", refers to the classification of vowels in northern rap art according to the basic principle of the same or similar rhyme abdomen (if there is a rhyme ending, the rhyme ending must be the same), so as to make recitation and singing smooth, easy to remember and full of musical beauty. The names of the thirteen roads are: Fahua, Sobo, Mixie, Yiqi, Gusu, Huailai, Huidui, Yaotiao, Yuan Qiu, Yan Qian, Renchen, Jiangyang and Middle East. In particular, it is pointed out that the names of each of the thirteen lines are only two representative words that correspond to this line, and there is no other meaning, so other words of this line can also be used to represent this line, such as "Suoboxing" can also be called "Dance Line", "Preface Line" can also be called "Tianxianxing" 1, and "Fahuaxing": the vowels include. For example, a (pull) (well) comes from the south with five Jin (Kun) (mesh) in his hand. A (dumb) (ba) came from the north with a (la) (ba) tied to his waist. [Note: the words in brackets are the same word] [Note: tongue twisters] 2. Sobozhe: Vowels include: e, o and uo. For example, the surname of Dongyang County in Xiangyang Prefecture is Luo (De), and Benben's ex-husband is Jiang (Ge). [Note: It is from "Pearl Shirt in Pingju", and it was once a school song for Mr. Ma in Saint] 3. What a deviation: vowels include Mi, ie and ü e. For example, angry hair rushes to the crown, leans against the fence, and it rains (rests). Raise your head and scream at the sky, strong and excited. Thirty fame, dust, eight thousand miles of clouds (month). Don't be idle, it's sad for nothing (cut). Jingkang shame, still not (snow); Great hate, when (out)! Driving a long car, stepping on Helan Mountain (tired), hungry for pork, laughing and thirsty for Xiongnu (blood). Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky (que). [Note: Yue Fei's Man Jiang Hong] 4, 17: I, ü, er. For example, the dragon swims in shallow water and is played by shrimp, while the tiger falls in Pingyang and is bullied by dogs. [Note: Proverbs] 5. Ancient: the vowel is U. Example: Go out of the south gate, take seven steps and pick up a piece of suede (mending) leather (pants). It's suede, (patched) leather (pants), (no) it's suede, (no) it's necessary (patched) leather (pants). [Note: Tongue twisters] 6. Huailai: The vowels are ai and uai. For example, I finally learned how to (love), but it's a pity that you have already disappeared into people (the sea) and finally realized it in tears. Some people will not (again) once they miss it. [Note: Rene Liu's Later] 7. Ash heap: vowels are ei and uei(ui). For example, your mood is always flying, you have to go (catch up) with everything, and you want to catch a little peace (ease). You always like wandering in the crowd [note: in pop songs, "wandering {Huai (er)}" is sometimes sung as "Hui (er)"], and you are most afraid of loneliness. [Note: Who will you think of when you are lonely] 8. Distant rhyme: vowels are ao and iao. For example: (1) There is a bridge on the Huangpu River, and the river bridge has decayed (shaken). Jiangqiao is on the verge of collapse (falling). Please indicate whether it was torn down or burned. (2) If I want to hear ghosts (scream), I will cry (laugh). Sprinkle wine for the hero, raise your eyebrows and draw your sword (sheath) [note: two poems in Tiananmen Square] 9. Seeking truth from it: vowels are ou and iou(iu). For example, 66-year-old Liu Lao (VI) built 66 tall buildings, bought 66 baskets of osmanthus (oil), raised 66 rhubarb (cattle) and planted 66 weeping willows. [Note: Tongue twister] 10, as before: the vowels are an, ian, uan, üan. For example, my son went to Fenhe Bay to play (goose), but he didn't come back that day. Sit outside the kiln door and wait for my son to have a meal. [Note: Fenhe Bay of Traditional Crosstalk] 1 1. People's rhymes include en, in, uen(un) and ü n, for example, singing a folk song to the party, and I compare the party to my mother (Pro); My mother only gave birth to my body, and the glory of the party shines on me. [Note: Sing a folk song for the party] 12. Jiangyang: The vowels are ang, ang and uang. For example: under the dream, the garden vegetation grows and the balcony reflects into the pool (pond). Daiyu returned to Xiaoxiang Pavilion, dying (in bed). [Note: Jing Yun Drum "Daiyu Burning Draft"] 13, Middle East: vowels are eng, ing, Weng, ong, ong.