Geographical environment
Suizhou is located in the northern part of Hubei Province, spanning 31°19' to 32°26' north latitude, and 112°43' to 113°46' east longitude. The city is about 130 kilometers long from north to south and 105 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total of 9,636 square kilometers and a population of 2.58 million. Among them, the mountain area is 4285 square kilometers, the hilly area is 2094 square kilometers, the flat area is 530 square kilometers, and the river beach area is 80 square kilometers, accounting for 61.3%, 30%, 7.6%, and 1.1% of the total area respectively. Suizhou is adjacent to Nanyang and Xinyang cities in Henan Province to the north, and to Jingshan County and Zhongxiang City in the Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province to the south. It happens to be at the junction of the Yellow River Basin in the north and the Yangtze River Basin in the south. It can be said that it connects Wanluo to the west and Wuyue to the south. The ground is the fortress of Jingyu, blocking the throat of Xianghan. Gu Zuyu once described the geographical situation of Suizhou in "Minutes of Reading History Fangyu": "It is connected to Mian'e in the north, Hanmian in the east, and between Xiang, Ying, Shen and An. It is actually an important place; Yiyang and Nanyang The key to the lock is to be followed by the real commander; the mountains and streams are surrounded by passes, which are almost as dangerous as the bird's way and the intestines of sheep. It is a necessary resource for martial artists."
As early as the middle period of ancient times, Suizhou area. All covered by the pristine ocean. During the subsequent Luliang tectonic movement (approximately 1.7 billion years ago), as the earth's tectonic movement intensified, magma continued to burst out, the earth's crust experienced strong folds and uplifts, and the seawater retreated in some areas, causing the western Hubei and Dabie Mountains in Hubei to The area became land for the first time, but Suizhou area still slept in the sea. In the early Cambrian period (around 600 million years ago), the Dahongshan area including Suizhou became an ancient island. In the late Cambrian period (about 500 million years ago), a large-scale volcanic eruption occurred in the Suinan Basin. At the end of the Silurian Period (about 400 million years ago), as the Wudang Mountains in northwest Suizhou grew into land, most of Suizhou and even Hubei became land. In the Permian (more than 200 million years ago), the earth's crust rose and fell frequently again. There were two major transgressions and regressions in the Hubei area, and the Suizhou area was also in the process of disappearing and reappearing. It was not until the end of the Triassic Period (about 200 million to 190 million years ago) that the earth's crust rose again, and Suizhou and the entire Hubei region finally said goodbye to the sea.
The tectonic action of the earth has created Suizhou’s unique terrain and complex topography, forming good terrain characteristics and complex landforms: mountains and rivers intersect, valleys and slopes connect, hills and plains echo, It is known as "Ten Thousand Mountains, Thousands of Springs and Hundreds of Caves". To the north of Suizhou is Tongbai Mountain, which belongs to the western section of the Huaiyang Mountains. Its main peak, Taibaiding, is 1,140 meters above sea level. To the southwest is Dahong Mountain, a folded and fault-block mountain. Its main peak, Baozhu Peak, is 1,055 meters above sea level. There are hills and slopes in between, and the middle part is a long and narrow plain running from northwest to southeast, which is called the Suizao Corridor. It is an important passage for communication between the north and the south in ancient and modern times. On the plain, there is water flowing through it. ?Shui is the largest tributary in the east of Han River. It originates from the northern foot of Dahong Mountain, flows through Suizhou, Anlu, and Yunmeng, and branches off at Xiazui at the junction of Yingcheng and Yunmeng. The west branch passes through the northern part of Hanchuan River to Xinjiang River. The ditch flows into the Han River, and the east branch flows from Yunmeng into Xiaogan to Wuhan Chenjiaji into the Yangtze River. On both sides of the river, hundreds of tributaries are distributed in the shape of veins. Among them, the Jueshui, Diaoshui, Dianshui and Jianshui with larger flows form a relatively independent water system, which can be called the Jianshui River Basin. It can be said that the rivers are crisscrossed and the land is fertile. Similarly, the tectonic processes of the earth have left Suizhou with rich mineral resources such as marble, copper, gold, iron, sulfur, and oil.
Ecological environment
Suizhou is located in the middle of the mid-latitude monsoon circulation area and has a north subtropical monsoon climate. Affected by seasonal changes in solar radiation and monsoon circulation, Suizhou has a climate with varying temperatures, distinct four seasons, sufficient sunlight, abundant rainfall, a long frost-free period, and short periods of severe cold and heat. According to statistics, the average annual precipitation in most areas is 865-1070 mm, the total number of annual photo studio hours is between 2009.6-2059.7 hours, the annual average temperature is 15.5 degrees Celsius, and the frost-free period is 220-240 days. Warm climate conditions and good landforms have created a superior ecological environment, especially in the Dahongshan area, which retains many precious plant species, including evergreen broad-leaved forests in the mid-subtropics and deciduous mixed forests in the northern subtropics. . Lush plants and abundant fruit roots make Suizhou rich in animal resources, ranging from coelenterates, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds to mammals, and some precious ones are still preserved today. Species such as giant salamander, goldfish, etc. It can be said that since ancient times, the land of Suizhou has been an ideal place for animals and plants to inhabit and reproduce.
The natural environment and biological resources are the material basis for human survival. Especially in ancient times, a good natural environment and biological resources were essential conditions for the survival, development and social progress of primitive humans. Since the Suizhou area has had a suitable climate, abundant rainfall, dense forests, green grass, abundant fruit roots, and numerous animals since the Zoic Era, as well as the widespread distribution of limestone and the development of caves in the Dahongshan Mountains, the land of Suizhou has become a place where human beings in the Stone Age One of the important areas for life and one of the important sources of Chinese prehistoric civilization.
Chime Bell and Suizhou
Chime Bell and Suizhou
In the spring of 1978, a piece of news broke out in Suizhou City, Hubei Province that shocked the country and even the world: in the west of the city Two kilometers away, at a place called "Leigudun", a large wooden coffin tomb from the early Warring States period was excavated - the tomb of Zeng Houyi. A large number of exquisite cultural relics were unearthed in the tomb, many of which have unique shapes and exquisite craftsmanship. Unseen treasures.
At that time, since the "Cultural Revolution" had just ended, the army was still involved in some local work, and my unit was the only organic division in Suizhou. Therefore, at the invitation of the local government, we The army participated in the excavation and protection of ancient tombs. At that time, I had just been transferred to the press officer of the political department of the division and had the opportunity to get close to this work. Therefore, I personally experienced part of the work of excavation of ancient tombs and had a deep understanding of the work at that time. Some scenes are still fresh in my memory. Before the excavation, "Leigudun" was just an ordinary hill. It looked to Tongbai in the north and Woshan (Dahong Mountain) in the south. It was surrounded by mountains and ancient tombs. According to legend, in 605 BC (the ninth year of King Chuzhuang), Du Yuejiao, the prime minister, launched a rebellion. King Chuzhuang led his army to pursue it, and he personally beat drums to supervise the battle, and finally wiped out the rebels, hence the name of this place. One day more than two thousand years later, with the sound of a cannon fired during the strategic construction of the People's Liberation Army, this place that had been silent for many years became famous again - an unprecedented archaeological discovery was revealed to the world.
The tomb of Zeng Hou Yi was built on a red sandstone slope with a cave carved out of the stone. The owner of the tomb was a king named Yi from the Zeng State in the early Warring States Period (the territory of Sui State in the Spring and Autumn Period). The tomb entrance is 21 meters long from east to west, 16.5 meters wide from north to south, and 11 meters deep. The tomb covers an area of ??about 220 square meters. Its shape is very similar to today's three-bedroom and one-living unit, which is divided into four rooms: east, middle, west and north. The small room is partitioned with giant high-quality catalpa wood, with a total volume of 380 cubic meters of wood. The middle room is the largest, with a length of 9.75 meters from north to south and a width of 4.75 meters from east to west. It mainly contains chimes and other bronze ritual vessels, while the remaining three rooms contain coffins and other funerary objects. The main coffin is divided into two layers, the inner and outer. The outer coffin is 3.5 meters high, and the inner and outer coffins are all painted. There are 21 coffins, mostly painted, and the victims are mostly young women aged 13-25. Judging from the presence of sharp objects or signs of struggle in the bones, these victims may have been buried alive or killed and placed in coffins. This shows that the burial system implemented in the slave society was extremely cruel.
In order to prevent their tombs and their burial objects from being destroyed and stolen, ancient emperors often spent manpower and material resources to build the tombs very solidly and took very strict protection measures. The same is true for the tomb of Zeng Hou Yi. Looking at the entire tomb structure, the upper part of the coffin chamber and its surroundings were filled with thick charcoal, with a total weight of about 60,000 kilograms, to prevent moisture. The charcoal is covered with a half-meter-thick layer of catalpa wood, and the catalpa wood is filled with more than 10 meters of green paste mud and yellow cinnamon soil. This soil has a strong sealing effect. Stone bars weighing several tons each are densely arranged on the brown soil, called capping stones. Further up is a thick layer of soil.
However, such strict precautions failed to stop tomb robbers from visiting. During the excavation, a robbery hole more than ten meters deep was discovered at the west end of the upper part of the tomb, which was formed from the overgrown ground and penetrated into the tomb chamber. At the bottom of the robbery hole, a corpse and several tools used in ancient tomb robbing were found in the mud of the tomb chamber. . According to the analysis of archaeological experts, tomb robbing occurred in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, wars broke out frequently and the people were in dire straits. Several tomb robbers came to rob the tomb in the dark of the moon and the wind in the dead of night. After several nights, they tried their best to rob the tomb. Finally the hole was opened. However, I don’t know whether it was due to lack of oxygen in the deep tomb, or whether there was some hidden weapon in the tomb. A tomb robber tied a rope around his waist and died as soon as he entered the tomb. When the people above saw this, they all fled. Fortunately, the cultural relics in the tomb were not lost.
I don’t know whether it was due to thousands of years of natural leakage or the robber hole. When the tomb was opened, it was found that it was filled with stagnant water. The water was dark brown, like the water flowing out of a coal kiln. All cultural relics They were all soaked in water and no one was spared. But what is puzzling is that various cultural relics that have been buried in the sewage for more than two thousand years have survived unscathed. After being unearthed and sorted out a little, they are as bright as ever, dazzling and elegant.
The project of excavating ancient tombs is huge. Plaster mud, heavy stone strips, square catalpa wood, black charcoal, coverings weighing thousands of tons, and precious cultural relics all need to be transported from the ground. On the ground, for this purpose, our army specially dispatched a company to cooperate with the archaeological team, digging with shovels and pickaxes, working day and night. We also specially deployed a crane (the crane driver, Comrade Ma Shuxiang, is now working in the Xushui County Public Security Bureau). Responsible for the lifting of heavier cultural relics to ensure the smooth progress of the excavation work. As the water in the tomb was drained away, a large number of cultural relics were revealed. After consultation between the archaeological work headquarters and the army chief, all the unearthed cultural relics were transported to the army barracks by military vehicles and placed on the large stage of our division headquarters auditorium, where they were counted, wiped, sorted and tested one by one.
After preliminary cleaning, more than 15,000 cultural relics including various bronze ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, gold vessels, jades, chariots and horses, lacquered wooden vessels and bamboo slips were unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng. , large and small, all kinds of them, placed in the auditorium, just like a medium-sized museum. The cultural relics unearthed from the tomb can be said to be extremely exquisite and amazing.
I remember that there was a gold spring that was more than two feet long. It was made of gold wire with a diameter of less than one millimeter. When held in the hand, it was full of elasticity and shining. It is unimaginable that under the conditions at that time, the craftsmen could How they were forged and shaped; among the many cultural relics, there are dozens of wooden lacquerware that are also very eye-catching. The lacquerware includes bowls, bowls, boxes, etc., with a yard of brick red paint on the inside and black and red paint on the outside. The paintings usually show themes of swimming fish, mandarin ducks, etc., with bright colors and vivid patterns. These lacquerwares have been soaked and buried in muddy water for a long time. Not only have they not been deformed or corroded, there are not even any faded paint spots. It is really incredible.
There is also a bronze vessel that was later named "Deer Crane" by experts. It is the only one among the cultural relics unearthed at home and abroad so far. It has a very unique shape: a slender crane with a head on its head. The two antlers sing loudly and spread their wings to fly. Looking at this extraordinary and lifelike "deer and crane", one cannot help but be impressed by the rich imagination and creativity of the ancestors. Later, the "deer and crane" was designated by Suizhou City as the symbol of its city. I took a bus from Wuhan to Suizhou along the 316 National Highway. As soon as I entered the city, I saw the proud "deer and crane" standing in the flower bed in the middle of the street from a distance, as if it was in the middle of the street. It shows people the splendid civilization of ancient Suizhou (Luhe no longer exists here). The mascot "Chu Chu" of the 8th China Art Festival in 2007 is based on a deer and crane.
However, among the cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Hou Yi, the most eye-catching ones are the 124 ancient musical instruments. Among them, the largest and best-preserved percussion instrument - chimes - is the most spectacular. There are 65 pieces in this set of chimes, with a total weight of more than 2,500 kilograms. The small ones are not as big as a bucket, and the large ones weigh 500 to 600 kilograms. They are exquisitely designed and magnificent. When they were unearthed, they were hung in three layers on a copper bell frame. , as long as you hit the phonetic position engraved on the bottom of the bell, you can make a rich or crisp sound, with a wide range and beautiful timbre. After testing by relevant experts from Hubei Province with precision instruments, its accurate pronunciation was exactly the same as that of modern standard musical instruments! I remember that after the test, the experts present were so stunned that they were speechless for a long time. They could not understand it. How did humans 2,500 years ago, with very simple smelting conditions, cast such beautiful musical instruments? The unearthing of this set of chimes shocked China and the world. It attracted worldwide attention and was hailed as "a unique treasure among the wonders of the world." "The Eighth Wonder of the Ancient World".
During the process of clearing cultural relics, a camera crew from Hubei Documentary Film Studio rushed over to fully reflect the excavation work and focus on filming the performance of the chimes. So, in the auditorium of our army, under the guidance of experts, with several female soldiers from our division's propaganda team as musicians, a unique chime concert kicked off: The east is red, the sun rises, China Mao Zedong appeared... The sound of the bell was beautiful and powerful, shocking. Later, it was this piece of music "The East Is Red" played by Chime Bell that was repeatedly played on the artificial earth satellite launched by China. The ancient rhyme and the new sound spread throughout the world and into space. Not long ago, I was fortunate enough to set foot on Suizhou again. At the foot of Guoshan Mountain and on the bank of the Shuihe River, today's "Leigudun" has been developed as a tourist attraction, with picturesque scenery and throngs of tourists.
2. Yandi Shennong and Suizhou Lishan
Since Shennong and Yandi have different eras, it is appropriate to separate them when discussing their birthplaces. As for the place of birth after the merger of Emperor Yan and Shennong, it is another matter.
(1) The place where Shennong was born
According to the analysis of a large number of literature records, Shennong was born in Mount Lie. "Guoyu·Luyu" said: "In the past, the Lieshan family had the world, and its son was called Zhu, who could grow hundreds of grains and vegetables." "Zuo Zhuan? The 29th Year of Zhaogong" also said: "There was a son of the Lieshan family. It is said that the pillar is Ji, and it has been worshiped since Xia. "The "Book of Rites? Sacrifice" also basically says the same: "The Lishan family has the world, and his son is called Nong, who can cultivate hundreds of grains. When Xia declined, Zhou abandoned it. Therefore, he was worshiped as Ji." The previous article has fully demonstrated that the Lieshan family, Lieshan family, and Lishan family were actually the same person, and their son Zhu or Nong was Shennong. Lieshan is probably the ancestor of Shennong. It can also be said that the first generation of Shennong set fire to the desolate place. Some people named the mountain, or the mountain was named after the person. In short, there is no doubt that Shennong originated from Lieshan.
"Kuo Di Zhi" compiled by Xiao Deyan of the Tang Dynasty records: "Lishan is a hundred miles north of Suixian County, Suizhou, and there are stone caves in Shandong. In the past, Shennong was born in Lixiang, and the so-called Lieshan clan was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Li Guo." "Yuanhe County Chronicles" compiled by Li Jifu in the late Tang Dynasty records: "Sui County is an old county in the Han Dynasty, and it belongs to Sui Guocheng. It has not been changed in the past dynasties." Lieshan is located a hundred miles north of the county. "Book of Rites" says: Lishan clan is also the Yan Emperor; it originated from Lishan, so it is called Lishan clan. "Fengjiuyu Zhi" records: "Suizhou: Shennong Temple is in Li Village."
Luo Mi's "Road History" of the Southern Song Dynasty records: "Shennong Well is in Laishan (i.e. Lishan), and the old saying is that Jiyi The eight wells are in motion, and no one dares to touch them. There is only one cave, which is shaded by a big tree, and that is where the community was established."
It is recorded in the "Hubei Tongzhi Yudi Zhi" edited by Zhang Xuecheng in the Qing Dynasty. : "Lixiang, in the north of the state, is now called Lishandian. ... It is also called Laixiang, so it is Laiguo. There is Shennongshe."
The above records show without exception that Shennong was born in Lishan, Lishan is located in the north of today's Suizhou. The saying that Shen Nong was born in Lishan, Suizhou is related to each other from generation to generation, and it is proved by unanimous consent.
(2) The place of birth after the unification of Emperor Yan and Shennong's clan
Although the historical fact of the unification of Emperor Yan and Shennong was formed in ancient times, the concept of unification did not take shape until the Qin and Han Dynasties.
The first scholar to point out the birthplace of Emperor Yan Shennong was Zheng Xuan, a famous Confucian scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zheng Xuan based on Zhan Qin in "Guoyu·Luyu" and Cai Mo's remarks about the Lieshan clan and his sons in "Zuo Zhuan·The 29th Year of Zhaogong", and referred to the definite theory of the unity of Emperor Yan and Shennong during the Qin and Han Dynasties. , when annotating similar records in "Book of Rites? Sacrifice", the Lishan clan, or Lieshan clan, and Emperor Yan were regarded as the same person: "Lishan clan, also known as Yandi. Originated from Lishan, or Lieshan. " Since Zheng Xuan thought that the Lieshan clan (Shen Nong clan) and Emperor Yan were the same person, their birthplaces were naturally in the same place. Not long after, Wu Weizhao of the Three Kingdoms period took the lead in responding to Zheng Shuo. When he annotated Zhan Qin's words in "Guoyu·Luyu", he said: "The Lieshan family is also the name of Emperor Yan. It originated from Lieshan. The "Book of Rites" - Sacrifice Law lists Lieshan as Lishan." Since the pre-Qin classics only recorded the birthplace of Shennong (Lieshan) and no record of Emperor Yan's birthplace, Zheng Xuan and Wei Zhao decided that the birthplace of Emperor Yan after Shennong was unified was Lieshan.
So, after the merger of Emperor Yan and Shennong, was the birthplace "Lieshan" or "Huayang"? We believe that Shennong and Emperor Yan were two tribes and their leaders that appeared successively in the pre-Qin classics titles, so they cannot be born in the same place. The reason why there are two theories of "Lieshan" and "Huayang" in the birthplace after the merger of Emperor Yan and Shennong is that the former is probably because Shennong was born and was tainted with Emperor Yan, while the latter is probably because Emperor Yan was born and was tainted with Shennong. , because the Five Elements Theory locates the Yan Emperor sect in the south, this puts the "Huayang theory" under the fire and makes the "Lienshan theory" the icing on the cake. After the two merged into one, Huayang was connected to Shennong from Emperor Yan, and Lieshan was connected to Emperor Yan from Shennong. However, it has been concluded that Emperor Yan was located in the south, so the "Lieshan theory" is more reasonable than the "Huayang theory". Moreover, the ancient Zeng State had its capital in Lishan (Lie Mountain) in Suizhou, and its principal clan was named Jiang, who was undoubtedly the authentic descendant of the Miao Emperor Yan. Therefore, if we must find out where the Yan Emperor and Shennong clan were born after they merged into one, the "Li Shan theory" has the most sufficient reason. What's more, the relics of Emperor Yan's Shennong clan are most common in the upper reaches of the Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, and most concentrated in Lishan, Suizhou. According to legend, Gucheng County was named after Emperor Yan Shennong tasted grains there, and Shennongjia was named after Emperor Yan Shennong tasted herbs there. As for Mount Li in Suizhou, there are relics such as Shennong Cave, Shennong's House, Shennong's Well, and Shennongshe. Hubei Province Suizhou Local Chronicles Compilation Committee: "Suizhou Chronicles? Scenic Sites", China Urban Economic and Social Press, 1988 edition. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that Lishan is the hometown of Yandi Shennong.
Suizhou Tourism
Suizhou City is extremely rich in tourism resources. It is famous at home and abroad as "the hometown of Shennong, Emperor Yan, and the hometown of chime bells and ancient music". It has a large number of cultural and natural landscapes.
Suizhou is the birthplace of Emperor Yan Shennong, the ancestor of China. Every year on the 26th of the fourth lunar month, Emperor Yan Shennong’s birthday, a large number of descendants of Yan and Huang from home and abroad come to seek their roots and worship their ancestors; An ancient cultural relic, a large set of chimes, has rewritten the history of world music and is known as one of the eight wonders of the ancient world.
Suizhou was once the fiefdom of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian, and the Sui Dynasty was named after Suizhou. Suizhou has beautiful mountains and rivers, and scenic tourist areas such as Dahong Mountain, Tongbai Mountain, Zhonghua Mountain, Xujiahe, and Fengjiang are well-known both inside and outside the province. Li Bai, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, once praised Suizhou with his immortal poem: "The beautiful Han Dynasty is beautiful, the moon shines brightly in Sichuan and Tibet". Known as the "No. 1 Peak in the Sky in Northern Chu", Dahong Mountain combines the essence of various scenic spots, with steep peaks, beautiful mountains, secluded forests, mellow springs and beautiful lakes. It is a national-level scenic spot; the willows on the banks of Fengjiang and Xujiahe Reservoirs Yiyi is famous as a "water park" with hundreds of islands competing for beauty and fishing boats cruising around; the three ancient passes of Pingjing Loess and Wusheng are located in dangerous areas, standing abruptly and with extraordinary momentum; Wushan Jiming Mountain is said to be named after Zhang Sanfeng. The birthplace of Taoism; Noble Three Pools Scenic Area, etc. Everywhere is fascinating.
There are many historical and cultural celebrities in Suizhou. In ancient times, there was Emperor Yan Shennong; in the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Ji Liang and Suihou; in the Warring States Period, there was Marquis Zeng Yi; in the Tang Dynasty, there was Hu Ziyang. Li Bai had frequent contacts with Hu Ziyang and wrote a lot of poems. Some of the texts that have been handed down to this day include "Inscribed on the wall of Mr. Ziyang in Suizhou" and "Preface to Sending Yan Ziyuan to Yinxian City Mountain at Mr. Ziyang's Dinxia Tower in Suizhou on a Winter Night". Today, Suizhou plans to rebuild the Dinxia Tower and protect cultural relics such as Xianguang Temple. The ancient site was expanded into the Guangshan tourist attraction today; the poet Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty served as the governor of Suizhou, and "Liu Suizhou Collection" has been handed down; in the Song Dynasty, there was Ouyang Xiu, who came to Suizhou with his mother to join his uncle when he was 4 years old. He left Suizhou to study in the north at the age of 24 and studied abroad There are relics such as Wuyan Bridge and Octagonal Tower; in the Yuan Dynasty, there was Ming Yuzhen, the leader of the peasant uprising army and the founder of the Great Xia Kingdom. Her original name was Min Yuzhen, but she changed her surname to "Ming" because she believed in the Ming religion. Fan people in the ancient city of Liulin. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, peasants revolted and attacked Chongqing, captured Chengdu, and settled in Sichuan. He called himself the King of Longshu. In the 22nd year of Zhizheng (1362), he became emperor and settled in Chongqing. The country was named Daxia (historically known as "Mingxia"), and the Yuan Dynasty was established. . The Ming army entered Sichuan in large numbers, and the Ming Dynasty was promoted and subordinated. After arriving in Nanjing, he was granted the title of Marquis of Guiyi. The next year, Zhu Yuanzhang suspected that Mingsheng had ulterior motives and sent his family to Korea
Geographical location
Suizhou is located in the northern part of Hubei Province, connecting Sichuan and Shaanxi to the west, the Central Plains to the north, and the Central Plains to the south. Wangjianghan has been an important town connecting Jingchu and the Central Plains since ancient times, and is a national historical and cultural domain. Suizhou is surrounded by Dahong Mountain in the south and Tongbai Mountain in the north. It is the birthplace of the Huaihe River, the famous north-south boundary river in China. The landforms include mountains, hills, and alluvial plains.
On June 25, 2000, the State Council approved the establishment of prefecture-level Suizhou City. The city covers an area of ??9,636 square kilometers and governs Zengdu District, Guangshui City, Economic and Technological Kaiyou District, and Dahongshan Scenic Area, with a population of 2.58 million. It has beautiful mountains and clear waters, fertile land and rich products.
History and Culture
Suizhou has a long history. According to the "Book of Rites", "Zuo Shi" and many other documents: Suizhou in ancient times was the Lieshan clan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Emperor Yan Shennong." Five thousand years ago in Lieshan, Yan Emperor Shennong "cultivated the fields, cultivated grains, and tasted hundreds of herbs" and started the prehistoric farming civilization. As early as two thousand years ago in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the envoy Feng Yinsui was recorded here. "The Kingdom of Eastern Han Dynasty will grow bigger". Every year on the 26th of the fourth lunar month, Suizhou City holds a grand and enthusiastic "China Hubei Lieshan Yandi Shennong Festival" to commemorate the birth of the ancestor of China on this day. Overseas Chinese organizations such as the Lieshan Clan Association from all over the world organize groups to participate in the festival.
Speaking of Suizhou’s cultural heritage, we must mention the bronze bells that were unveiled in Suizhou in the summer of 1978. A tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng from the early Warring States period was excavated at Leigudun, one kilometer west of the city. More than 15,000 pieces of various precious cultural relics were unearthed, including a set of large-scale bronze chimes that are considered rare treasures. There are 65 pieces in total, the third floor of the army, majestic, magical, and magnificent. Its grand scale, exquisite casting, precious gold inscriptions, and complete musical scales not only surprised the world, but also made people all over the world look at Suizhou with admiration. A set of chime bells unearthed in Suizhou more than 2,400 years ago is "one of the major discoveries in the world's archaeological history in the 20th century". It is no exaggeration to regard it as the "king of Chinese musical instruments and ritual vessels". Its discovery has rewritten the history of Chinese music. , advancing the history of ancient Chinese music by 500 years
Infrastructure
Highlighting the charm and style of the historical and cultural domain, pursuing the spirit and ambition of a modern open city—— Suizhou people used this image positioning to renovate and decorate their homes. Municipal projects such as Municipal Square, Shennong Avenue, Baiyun Avenue, and Bird Road were fully launched and completed one after another; Yanhe Avenue, 316 Lieshan Avenue, and Jiefang Road Commercial Pedestrian Street were completed. The implementation of projects such as high-standard packaging renovation, overpass maintenance, greening of Pearl Plaza, Baiyunshan Park Commercial Tourism Street and 88 streets and lanes construction have comprehensively improved the city's functions; the Baiyun Lake Reservoir is about to be completed and filled with water, and Baiyun Lake will become Neihu is the second largest urban area after East Lake; the landmark municipal building in Chengnan New District has been officially put into use; the real estate industry has been vigorously developed through investment promotion, and 12 modern residential communities and commercial pedestrian streets have been built. The urban streets have formed five vertical and six horizontal lines. The urban area covers an area of ??43 square kilometers and has a population of more than 400,000. The Wuhan-Ankang Railway, the Xining Railway and the only connecting line with the Wukang Railway, National Highway 312, National Highway 107 run through the entire territory, and have been completed and put into use. The Hanshi Expressway and the Suiyue Expressway, which is about to be completed, both meet in the suburbs of Suizhou. The Mazhu Expressway, which is about to be constructed, will pass through Xihe Town, Suizhou Development Zone.
Industrial Overview
Suizhou adheres to the principle of "opening up the city, industry to prosper the city, and projects to prosper the city", and a modern new industrial city has emerged in the hinterland of the Central Plains.
The Bird Company gave birth to the Information Industry City. Bird Suizhou Company is the only manufacturing enterprise of Ningbo Bird Co., Ltd. outside its headquarters. At present, 8 companies have settled in Suizhou and have introduced waveguide mobile phones as supporting equipment, including Deli Electronic Technology Company, Lufa Special Technology Company, Korean Company A and B, Singapore Meili Company, and Japan's Toshiba Matsushita Mitsui Technology Co., Ltd., which has signed a contract. According to Bird Company's market plan, Suizhou Company's annual sales revenue will exceed 10 billion yuan within three years.
Dongfeng Company spawned the modified automobile city. Suizhou Kaibai Automobile has a development history of more than 30 years. In 2004, Dongfeng Motor Corporation re-established Dongfeng Suizhou Special Purpose Vehicle Manufacturing Company on the basis of the original Hubei Automobile Manufacturing Plant. Mutian Suizhou has 53 automobile manufacturing and parts production enterprises taking this as its leader. Last year, it achieved a total output value of 2.9 billion yuan and has become an important production base for modified cars and auto parts in Hubei and even the entire central and southern region. In 2007, Suizhou was awarded the title of "China's Capital of Special Purpose Vehicles" and several well-known domestic and foreign automobile companies have settled in Suizhou.
Wuhan Jianmin gave birth to a pharmaceutical and chemical city. In 2000, Wuhan Jianmin Group merged with Suizhou Pharmaceutical Factory, Chutian Pharmaceutical Factory, and Chutian External Drug Company. It has 137 varieties of 18 dosage forms including granules, granules, and oral liquids, with annual sales revenue of 200 million. Yuan and above. Represented by Wuhan Jianmin, the number of enterprises in Suizhou's pharmaceutical and chemical industry has reached 59, with assets of more than 1 billion yuan.
Wuda Science and Technology Park gave birth to a new materials city.
In early 2004, Wuhan University officially built the Wangye Park in Suizhou, which integrates R&D, achievement incubation, industrialization, venture capital and park management functions, and has the production technology for 10 industrialization projects. These projects are all projects that fill the domestic and provincial gaps and have completely independent intellectual property rights. At present, the industrial park has launched a project to produce modified nano-silica gel, oxygen-based silicon pits and quartz materials for synthetic optical fiber cables, with annual sales of 1.2 billion yuan and profits and taxes of 400 million yuan.
Tieshu Group gave birth to Textile and Garment City. In 2003, Hong Kong Jijia and Liuying jointly acquired Tieshu Company and established Suizhou Tieshu Textile Co., Ltd. A textile and garment industry cluster with Tieshu and Jingkang as leaders, integrating spinning, printing and dyeing, and garment processing, is showing its vitality in Suizhou. This year, Suizhou City has given full play to the textile and apparel industry's ability to absorb labor resources, actively cultivated brands, and established a textile and apparel industry corridor along National Highway 316.
The Xiangjiang Group gave birth to a business and tourism city. Xiangjiang Group is a large-scale national enterprise group with its main business in home furnishing circulation and logistics market, and real estate and finance as its two wings. In 2003, Xiangjiang Group planned to acquire 1,000 acres of land along National Highway 316 and invest 800 million yuan to build Xiangjiang Suizhou Business Center. At present, a modern large-scale wholesale market integrating the flow of people, logistics, and information has been officially put into use. At the same time, the tourism industry with humanistic features such as Chime Bell and Yandi Shennong continued to consolidate and develop. In 2004, Suizhou City received more than 3 million tourists. Comprehensive tourism revenue was 930 million yuan.
Suizhou has an elegant cultural environment and beautiful natural scenery. "High peaks, secluded forests, strange caves, beautiful lakes, and mellow springs" are not only a typical portrayal of Dahong Mountain, which is located in the national scenic spot in the southwest of Suizhou and "the first peak in the sky in northern Chu", it is also a representative of Suizhou's outstanding landscapes. concentrate. In this land, the legacy of the ancient Sui Kingdom, the culture of Emperor Yan and Shennong, the connotation of the chime culture, and the achievements of contemporary spiritual civilization construction merge into a harmonious and honest humanistic atmosphere. Suizhou will be built into a tourist city. Yandi Shennongli Mountain Scenic Area and Dahongshan National Geopark are under intense construction. The ring road will connect Leigudun and Lishan Scenic Area. The new Suizhou Museum will be opened in October 2008 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the chime bells being unearthed.
Suizhou Administrative Division
Suizhou Administrative Division
Suizhou City is a prefecture-level city approved by the State Council in June 2000. The city covers an area of ??9,636 square kilometers. It has a population of 2.58 million and has one city and one district under its jurisdiction: Guangshui City and Zengdu District.
Guangshui City*** has 18 townships.
Zengdu District*** has 29 towns, offices and fields.
Guangshui City *** has 18 towns, namely:
Maping Town, Pinglin Town, Haodian Town, Chengjiao Township, Wushengguan Town
Yang Guangshui Office, Lidian Township, Taiping Township, Zhai Town
Shili Office, Changling Town, Luodian Township, Chenxiang Town
Caihe Town, Yidian Town, Guanmiao Town Shan Office
Zengdu District*** has 29 towns, offices and fields, which are:
Hongshan Town Shuanghe Town Liulin Town Sanligang Town
Wanfudian Farm, Anju Town, Juntan Town
Hedian Town, Xinjie Town, Luoyang Town, Fuhe Town
Yindian, Gaocheng Town, Wandian Town, Xihe Town Zhendongcheng Office
Xincheng Town Xicheng Office, Xiaolin Town, Huaihe Town, Caodian Town
South Suburb Office of Wushan Town, Shangshi Town, Zhentang County Town, Wanhe Town
Lishan Town Northern Suburb Office