Why did Ye Saining write the poem "Birch Tree"?

Sergei Aleksandrovic Ye Saining (1895— 1925) was born in a peasant family in Ryazan province and was raised by a wealthy peasant grandfather. 19 12 After graduating from normal school, I went to Moscow alone and worked as a proofreader in a printing factory. At the same time, he joined the Surikov Literature and Music Group and took part-time courses at Shanyavski Civilian University. 19 14 published the lyric poem "White Birch"; 19/kloc-met Brock, Gorky and Mayakovski in 0/5, and published the first book of poetry, Day of the Dead. 1965438+enlisted in the spring of 2006, and married Reich after retiring. 19 19 participated in the publication of the Manifesto of Imagism, and later wrote Life and Art (192 1) to criticize Imagism, indicating its return to real life. 192 1 married Duncan and traveled to Europe and America the next year. 1923 returned to the Soviet Union and published an article criticizing the American way of life. 1September, 925, she married lev tolstoy's granddaughter Thor Staja.1October, she was hospitalized for mental illness. On February 26th, 65438, he wrote a poem in blood: "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye. Dear, you will always remember my heart. /the separation of fate,/indicates the reunion in the afterlife. //Goodbye, my friend, don't say goodbye, don't shake hands,/Don't be sad, don't be sad-/In this world, death is not new/alive, and of course it is not rare. " Before dawn on the 28th, he hanged himself in a hotel in Leningrad at the age of 30, just as Confucius said. A year later, in the winter, his grave was shot, and Benislavskaya, who loved him deeply and was missed many times, died for him. It is said that "my friend" in Ye Saining's farewell poem refers to her.

The October Revolution fundamentally changed his writing. He praised the revolution and the working class, but he did not fundamentally understand the revolution and the Soviet system. Therefore, it reveals the bohemian and cynical "Ye Saining temperament", and the masterpiece in this respect is the group poem "The Voice of the Moscow Tavern" (1921-1923). "Ye Saining temperament" is easily associated with the "Faust spirit" with two sides in the Romantic era, especially the "Byronic hero", which can be roughly regarded as the performance of the same poet in different times. "Ye Saining temperament" is actually a unique expression that "the last rural poet" found himself standing on the opposite side of the development of the times during the changes of the times. Pasternak (1890- 1960) thinks: "Ye Saining regards his life as a fairy tale. He is like Prince Ivan riding a gray wolf across the ocean and catching isadora duncan, just like catching the tail of a firebird. His poems are also written in fairy tales. Sometimes they are arranged like playing cards, and sometimes they are recorded with the blood in their hearts. The most precious thing in his poems is the scenery of his hometown, Ryazan province in central Russia, which is full of forests. Just like when he was a child, he described it with a dizzy freshness. " Evtushenko (1933-) called him "the purest Russian poet": "Ye Saining's poetry is a local phenomenon. Ye Saining's phonology radiates the magical brilliance of minerals unique to Russian land structure. Ye Saining's poetry is a unique product of Russian nature and Russian language (including fairy tales, ballads, country folk songs, proverbs and common sayings, incantations, lamentations and ritual songs handed down from generation to generation). " Their grasp of Ye Saining is undoubtedly extremely accurate. "Suddenly spread the word array like playing cards, and then write it down with the blood in my heart" are two different manifestations of "Ye Saining temperament" in his poetry creation. The reason why he is called "the purest Russian poet" is precisely because Evtushenko deeply grasped the cause of "Ye Saining temperament": out of his persistence in Russian countryside, he could not agree with the powerful promotion and destruction of modern civilization to the countryside. If Pushkin is a poet who walks in the forefront of the times and strives for national freedom, then Ye Saining has undoubtedly acted as a "villain" of an era consciously or unconsciously, and he is eager to preserve the regional culture of a specific era. Gorky thought that he died in the conflict between urban and rural civilizations when analyzing his death, which is quite profound. The difference between Ye Saining and other poets in the Silver Age is that after the October Revolution, he did not go into exile, but, like Kipius and others, vowed to be at odds with the October Revolution. Except for the two years of traveling with Duncan, he has been sticking to the land of Russia. However, the development of reality made him more and more sad: "On the road of Lantian, there will be/steel customers soon. /Oats are soaked in the morning glow,/Only some withered grains are left. //strange and lifeless threshing floor,/the song I sing to you won't let you live! Only those horses and oats will grieve for their old owners. " In Lenten Sacrifice, he directly used the typical scene of "iron horse" (that is, train) competing with live horse to reflect this conflict. Pasternak, who lived in the same era and had contacts with him, was full of understanding and sympathy for Ye Saining: "The position of Ye Saining's landscape poems has been replaced by the maze of modern metropolis in his works. A lonely soul of a contemporary lost its way in this maze and destroyed morality. He described the exciting and inhuman tragic state of this soul. "

Of course, if Ye Saining's death is only attributed to the conflict between urban and rural areas, it can't tell the whole story. His three marriages stand out. The breakup of his first marriage made the poet regret it. If his previous debauchery was due to the storm that turned the world upside down, he "didn't understand where the ominous events were going to lead me", then in Lion, after he broke up with him, he "continued to fall", which had nothing to do with the breakdown of his marriage. One year before he committed suicide, he also wrote a letter to a woman and poured out his heart to Reich. Goethe said: eternal women, lead us to rise! So, what happens after losing the lead? Undeniably, Ye Saining's depravity and physical death are not one of the endings. His lightning romance with American dancer Duncan is both romantic and bitter. They came together in lightning speed and separated in lightning speed. Touch the wound of love in the envious and puzzled eyes of everyone. Less than half a year after his third marriage, the poet passed away.

It seems a little unreasonable not to talk about the poet's works here. And I think the death of Ye Saining is the fundamental problem that puzzles modern people. No matter whether he is a born civilized man or a civilized man after transformation, no matter whether he keeps pace with the times or dreams back to the Tang Dynasty, it is impossible for him to escape these problems encountered by Ye Saining. Ye Saining's death was the inevitable result of many factors acting on the poet's mind, which led to the spiritual crisis. Before him, there were cases of poets committing suicide, but the phenomenon of poets committing suicide began with him. Time is always flowing and the years are still circulating. Since Ye Saining declared that "I am the last poet in the countryside", pure lyric poetry has reached its peak and come to an end.