1. Ice and snow use the crystal of ice and snow to compare the loyalty and noble character of the soul. For example, "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, and a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot." (Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Inn) Bing Xin: A noble soul. The ancients used "as clear as jade pot ice" as a metaphor for a person's open and aboveboard mind. Another example is "I should miss Linghai for many years, alone, my liver and lungs are all ice and snow." During her one-year career in Lingnan, her personality and conduct are as crystal clear and noble as ice and snow.
2. The moon is homesick for the moon-causing parting and homesickness. For example, "looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking, I suddenly remembered home." (Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking) For example, "The small building was easterly again last night, so my country could not bear to look back on the bright moon." (Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") Looking at the moon and thinking about the old country shows the special pain of the monarch who has perished. For example, "There are 300,000 people in the village, and I look back at the moon for a while." Hundreds of thousands of soldiers in moraine, desert and vast desert all looked up at the rising moon for a time and could not restrain their homesickness.
3. willow leaves fold willow. Since the Han Dynasty, people have often expressed their feelings of parting by folding willows, which triggered the yearning for distant relatives and the homesickness of travelers. For example, the poem "Farewell" wrote: "The willows are green and the flowers are long and sultry. The wicker is broken and the flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? "
4. The ancient cicada thought that cicada meal was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used the nobility of cicada to express their noble character. "Tang Poetry" says: "Every time a cicada sings, it respects its nature."
Because cicadas live on high branches, sleep in the wind and don't eat fireworks, their moral character belongs to lofty type. A political prisoner is listening to Luo's Cicada: "Who knows if he is still singing?" Li Shangyin's Cicada: I am pure in mind, so I long to live a pure life like you. Wang's: "I am noble and I am in pain." Yu Shinan's Cicada: "It is not the autumn wind that makes you aloof." They all use cicadas as a metaphor for noble morality.
5. Vegetation contrasts desolation with vegetation prosperity to express ups and downs. For example, "after ten miles of spring breeze, the wheat will be green." (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") The spring breeze is ten miles, and Yangzhou Road, which was once very prosperous, is now full of green wheat and desolate. "The old garden is bleak and new, and Ling sings without winning spring." The willows in the wasteland of the old garden of Wu State have sprouted new branches (desolation). Looking back, it is more beautiful than when the song and dance were crowing in spring. Here, lush willows set off desolation.
6. Nanpu In China's ancient poems, Nanpu is a place near the water. Qu Yuan's Nine Songs? Hebo: "Take your son to the east and send the beauty to Nanpu." Jiang Yan's "Biefu": "Spring grass is green and spring water is surging. It's so sad to send you to Nanpu!" Fan Chengda's "Hengtang": "Nanpu spring comes to a blue river, and the stone bridge and the tower are still two." The ancient people's farewell to the water is not only in Nanpu, because of the long-term national culture, Nanpu has become the proper name of the farewell place to the water.
7. The pavilion is a place to tell others on land. Li Bai Bodhisattva Xia: "Where are you going home? The pavilion is shorter. " Liu Yong's Yulinling: "Cold and sad, Changting is too late." Li Shutong's Farewell: "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green." Obviously, in China's classical poetry, the pavilion has become a farewell place on land.
8. In China's classical poems, fragrant grass is a metaphor for retaining hatred. "Chu ci? Recruit a hermit: "Wang Sun wanders away, spring grass grows." "Lush" means lush spring grass. Spring grass is lush, spring scenery is sultry, and Iraqis have not returned, which inevitably makes homesick women stay upstairs. Yuefu "Song of Harmony"? Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave: "Grass beside the Qingqing River is connected with Philip Burkart Road." Stand up with "grass by the green river" to express your thoughts about the Iraqis in the distance. Bai Juyi's Farewell to Ancient Grass: "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high. Sweet they pressed on the old highway and reached the crumbling gate. " Li Yu's Qing Ping Le: "If you hate like spring grass, you can go further and live better." With endless spring grass, far away from the horizon, it is a metaphor for the sadness of parting.
9. Bananas are often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. In the south, there is the joy of bamboo and silk "rain hits banana" and the sad sound. Li Qingzhao once wrote: "Who planted banana trees in front of the window and filled the atrium?" Yin is full of heart and leaves are full of love. " Pour out your sadness and melancholy and complain about bananas. Wu Wenying's "Tang Duoling": "Where to synthesize sorrow? Leave people's hearts to autumn. Plant a banana and it will be chilly if it doesn't rain. " Ge Zhongsheng's "Red Lips": "How many idle worries, dreaming of banana rain." It's sad enough that the rain hits the banana, and it's even more sad that the dream soul chases the rain and hits the banana leaves.
10. In China's classical poems, the phoenix tree is similar to the banana, and most of them express a sad voice. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "Peach and plum blossom, spring breeze blows, autumn rain falls." The cold rain in autumn hits the plane blades, which makes people miserable. Li Yu's "Hui Huan": "Solitary phoenix tree, deep courtyard lock clear autumn." Wen Tingyun's "More Leaks": "It rains three nights under the plane tree, and it is more bitter to leave love. A leaf, a voice, and empty footsteps fall into the light. " Li Qingzhao's Slow Voice: "The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk." It can be seen that the autumn rain hits the phoenix tree, and there is no sorrow.
1 1. Plum blossom "Flowers are precious, since the Warring States Period", and a large number of Yongmei's poems appeared in Liang and Chen Dynasties. Most of the plum blossom poems in this period are descriptions of flowers themselves or used for farewell, and there is no obvious symbolic sustenance. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, plum blossom had become a symbol of noble personality. Zhang Lei: "Why should you accompany Gao Jie and sing the song" Huang Ting "?" Zhang Daoqi: "A snow is similar and I don't know it alone." "The skin is white and the style is distinct." Su Shi: "Shi Lao doesn't know that Meg is here, but he looks at the green leaves." Lu You: "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only the fragrance remains." They all placed a noble character in the description of plum blossoms.
12. The Analects? Zi Han said: "When the cold comes and the summer goes, you will know that the pine and cypress are withered." Later poems often use pine and cypress to symbolize loneliness, straightness and coldness. Liu Yuxi: "Later, wealth faded, and cold pines and cypresses still existed." Li Shanpu: "There is a lonely horn in the snow and a howling in the wind. It's really embarrassing for Tao Li to denigrate her. The vines are not a group. " In addition, for example, chrysanthemum symbolizes noble quality, peach blossom symbolizes beauty, peony embodies wealth, and Huayang means falling.
13. In China's classical poems, Du Fu's poems are often associated with pain. Li Bai said in his poem, "Huayang shed tears, and Wendaolong crossed five streams." Another example is Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu": "When I hear about it, I am worried about the empty mountain." The cuckoo's crow seems to say "it's better to go home", and its crow can easily touch people's homesickness. Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty said in a poem: "Smoke cries at night and trees fly during the day. Chunshan is infinitely good, and there is no return. "
14. According to superstition, crow is an ominous bird, which often haunts graves and other desolate places. China's classical poems are often associated with decadent and desolate things. Li Shangyin's Sui Palace: Fireflies have gone and left the place where the wind blows, but they are still in the weeping willows, and crows inhabit at dusk. Fang Ting, the man of Qin Guan, said, "Outside the setting sun, there are ten thousand points in west Western jackdaw, and the water flows around the lonely village." Ma Zhiyuan's "Clear Sand? Qiu Si: "The old vine is a weak crow. "
15. Crickets, as the object of chanting, were first seen in The Book of Songs? Hurricane? In July, it observed the movement law of crickets in detail: "In July, in the wild, in August, in the house, in September, 10, crickets came under my bed." At that time, the ancients thought that the sound of cricket was similar to that of a loom, and the season was late autumn, so it was associated with the promotion of human textiles, the preparation of winter clothes, and even the lack of recruitment. Crickets are directly called "promoting weaving", which appears in Nineteen Ancient Poems: "The moon is bright, and promoting weaving is famous in the East Wall." "Qi Tianle" by Jiang Kui: "Sadness is like resentment. I've been thinking about my wife all night, and I'm looking for an opportunity. Qu Pingshan, I am very emotional at night. " It is about a woman who remembers the melancholy of people far away after hearing the sound of crickets.
16. The cry of an ape in poetry often symbolizes a sad feeling. Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain": "There is a flurry in the sky, and apes crow." Zhu Xiaojing, Li Daoyuan? In Jiang Shui, the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes crow three times, and tears spill on their skirts." Li Duan's "Send a guest to Bajiang Night Ape": "Bashui is far away, crying apes hurts the guests." They all use apes to express this sad mood.
17. Guanshan Guansai Mountain River. Pass, pass fortress; Mountains and rivers. Gao Shi's "Listening to the flute on the plug": "Where does the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight. " Plum Blossom Fall is the name of the tune. Where did the flute go? The wind blew the melodious flute and filled the frontier fortress overnight.
18. Qiangdi is a musical instrument from the ancient west, which makes a sad sound. It is often mentioned in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Qu: "Why should the Qiang flute complain about the willow? The spring breeze is only Yumenguan." Cen Can's "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home": "The China army gave a banquet to thank the guests and played the barbarian pipa, guitar and harp for him." Li Yi's "On Listening to the Flute at Night on the Wall of the Country": "I don't know where to play the flute, but I have to find someone all night." Fan Zhongyan's Fisherman's Pride: "A cup of turbid restaurant Wan Li, Ran Yan is not happy, Qiang Guan is full of frost." The shrill voice of the strong brother often makes recruiters cry. Hu Jia's function is the same as this, so I won't list it again.
19. The moon and white clouds look at the clouds and think of friends. Seeing the moon and thinking of people is a common technique in ancient poetry. Du Fu's poem "Hate Farewell": "I miss home, but I miss my brother watching the clouds sleep during the day." These two sentences are also borrowed from the white clouds and bright moon to pin the memory of friends. Liu Changqing's Death of a Wandering Fairy: "White clouds are thousands of miles away in Wan Li, and the moon flows before and after." Goodbye after writing, I am far away from you and miss you deeply. I hope the long white clouds will bring my missing feelings to friends thousands of miles away. As for thinking about the moon, there are even more people, such as Xie Zhuang's Yuefu: "There is a bright moon in a thousand miles." Zhang Jiuling: "I miss you like a full moon, and the brightness decreases every night." "The moon is at sea now, and the horizon is at this time." Li Bai: "Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home." Du Fu: "He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is so bright! "Su Shi:" I hope people will live for a long time and have a beautiful scenery thousands of miles away. " Wait a minute.
20. In China's ancient poems, water was associated with lingering sadness. Li Yu said: "How much sadness can you have? Just like a river flowing eastward. " "People grow up and hate water." Use the water flowing from the east as a metaphor for endless worries. Qin Guan's Walking on the Sand: "Sorrow is drifting away, and the distance is like spring water." "It's the tears that will turn into a spring river, which will never stop flowing." Linking running water with parting sadness is also a common expression in classical poetry.
2 1. harp (1) is a metaphor for a harmonious relationship between husband and wife, also known as "playing the harp". "Poetry? Nan Zhou? Guan Luo: "My Fair Lady, Friends of the Harp." "Xiaoya? The eldest emperor: "A good wife is like a harp." (2) metaphor friendship between brothers and friends. Chen Ziang's poem "Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night" says: "When you get out of the hall, think about the harp, and don't take another road around Sichuan."
22. "Poetry? Xiaoya? Xiaowan: "moths have children, cockroaches win and lose." "Yao Ying (a kind of bee) catches moths for food, pierces them with ovipositor tubes, injects bee venom into their bodies to paralyze them, and then puts them into the hive as food for Yao Ying larvae. The ancients mistakenly thought that cockroaches won and raised moths as sons, because moths were used as synonymous with adopted sons.
23. "Han Shu Hongyan? According to Su Wu, Huns Khan deceived China's envoy, saying that Su Wu was dead, and China's envoy deliberately said that the son of heaven shot down a swan flying from the north when hunting, with a silk book tied to his foot, written by Su Wu. Khan had to let Su Wu go. Later, they used "Hongyan", "Yan Shu", "Yanzu" and "Yuyan" to refer to letters and audio information. For example, Yan Shu's "Qingpingle" said, "When writing in fine print, it can be said that business is flat. It's hard to feel that the geese are in the clouds and the fish are in the water. "Li Qingzhao said in his poem," When the wild goose returns, the West Building will be full in the next month. Another poem by Li Qingzhao said: "Relying on the sound of books is not as good as flying geese, and coming from the east is far less than Penglai. "Goose is the messenger here.
24. Artifacts refer to kindness and political power. Laozi: "I want to take the world and do it." I think this is the last resort. " The world's artifacts cannot be done. "
25. According to legend, in the Tang Dynasty, Wei Gu passed by Song Cheng at the foot of the mountain and met an old man sitting and turning over a book. Wei Gu went to peek and didn't know a word. Only after asking the old man did I know that the old man is a fairy who specializes in human marriage, and the book he searched was a marriage book. (See "Continued Ghost Record"? Later, the matchmaker was called the old man under the moon, or the old man under the moon
26. Tao Zhu, nicknamed Fan Li, was a doctor of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, after he helped Gou Jian destroy Wu, he left Yue for Tao. He was good at managing his own livelihood and accumulated a lot of wealth, so later people called him "Tao Zhu" or "Tao Zhugong" and he was a rich businessman.
27. In the legend of Zhu Rong, The King of Chu State's ancestor was Gao Xin Di Ku's fire administration, which was called Zhu Rong by the world and revered as Vulcan by later generations; So the fire is called the Zhu Rong disaster.
28. Qiushui Qiushui refers to the eyes and describes the urgency of hope. The second fold of the third volume of The West Chamber: "Look at its autumn waters and surprise its faint spring mountain." Spring mountain refers to the eyebrows.
29. The connecting branches and connecting branches of a lovebird refer to two trees that are connected together. Love birds, a legendary bird, always flies together, which is used as a metaphor for loving couples in classical poetry. Legend has it that in old China, King Kang of Song married Han Ping, an official, and imprisoned Han Ping. Han committed suicide and his wife's clothes were rotten. When she went on stage to play with Kang Wang, she jumped off the stage and everyone pulled her clothes. As a result, she fell down and died, leaving a suicide note saying that Han Ping was buried together, but Kang Wang buried them in two places. Soon, a catalpa tree was born on each of the two graves, and it grew very thick in ten days. The roots and branches of two trees are intertwined, and there is a pair of mandarin ducks on the tree, groaning at each other. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world. We hope to fly in heaven, two birds grow together on the earth with the same wing, two branches of a tree ... "With these sentences, it is no wonder that people call marriage" tying the knot ".