Zhu introduced the author:
Zhu (1130 September15 ~1200 April 23rd) 52 lines, nicknamed Lang Lang, small print, dark word, dark number, later called Dark Weng, also known as Mr. Ziyang and Kao. Shi Wen, also known as Zhu Wengong. Han nationality, whose ancestral home is Wuyuan County (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), Jiangnan East Road, was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Sanming City, Fujian Province). Zhu Zi was a famous philosopher, thinker, educator, poet and representative of Fujian School in the Southern Song Dynasty, and he was the most outstanding master of Confucianism since Confucius and Mencius.
Zhu Wenxuan:
There are 25 kinds of Zhu Xian's works, more than 600 volumes, with a total word count of about 20 million words. There are Zhouyi's Original Meaning, Enlightenment, Textual Research on Eight Diagrams, Biography of Poetry, The Doctrine of the Mean in Universities, Four Books or Topics, Notes on Analects of Confucius, Notes on Mencius, Illustration of Taiji, Interpretation of Tong Shu, Interpretation of Mingxi, Annotation of Chuci and Differences in Korean. An anthology with 100 volume, a sequel to1volume, an anthology with 10 volume, and a collection of Zhuzi schools with 140 volume are compiled by admirers.
Zhu's achievements:
Neo-Confucianism
In the Song Dynasty, Zhu's academic attainments were the deepest and most influential. He summed up the thoughts of predecessors, especially the Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and established a huge Neo-Confucianism system, which became a masterpiece of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and his achievements were praised by later generations. His disciple Huang Wo once concluded: "We should carry forward the lofty sentiments of the sages, open up opportunities that the sages did not have, clearly distinguish the gains and losses of Confucianism, start heresies, manage tomorrow, be straightforward and make great achievements." "("To the Star ") also said:" Since the week, only a few people have been allowed to preach. And it can stop more than one or two authors. After Confucius, Ceng Zi and Zi Siri followed suit, starting with Mencius. Mencius followed closely, followed closely by Zhou, Cheng, etc. "(ditto) The whole of A Qing Dynasty pointed out:" We need the broad masses, be subtle and big, and be comprehensive from generation to generation. The study of Jiangxi and the study of Yongjia in eastern Zhejiang are not inevitable, but they cannot be partial. " ("Song and Yuan Learning Examples". Although these comments are flattering, they truly reflect Zhu's position and influence in academic circles. After Zhu's death, posthumous title "Wen Gong" presented Bao Moge with a bachelor's degree and conferred the title of Lord protector. His thoughts are regarded as official research, and since the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu's hermeneutics of Confucian classics has become the basis of the imperial examination. Also known as "Zhu Zi" with Confucius sage. Because of this, Zhu's words became an unchangeable and absolute authority. This is especially true of Yi-ology. Zhu wrote The Original Meaning of the Book of Changes, listing the images of Heluo and congenital, and edited The Book of Changes with his disciples Cai and his son (Cai and Cai Shen), explaining the theory of Heluo and congenital, which was used by later generations to explain Zhu's innate thought of Heluo. In this sense, Zhu Zhen correctly established the position of the theory of Heluo and the theory of congenital in academic circles, and was recognized by most Yi scholars in later generations.
His works include The Original Meaning of Zhouyi, Enlightenment, Textual Research on Eight Diagrams, Biography of Poems, The Doctrine of the Mean in Universities, Notes on Analects of Confucius, Notes on Mencius, Illustration of Taiji, Interpretation of Books, Interpretation of Mingxi, Collection of Chuci, etc. In addition, there are collections of 100, sequels of 1 1, anthologies of 10, and various sub-languages of 140 are compiled by admirers. His thought of Yi-ology is mainly concentrated in the original meaning of Zhouyi, Enlightenment of Yi-ology, Zhuzi School and other works. According to the chronology of Zhu, The Original Meaning of Zhouyi was written in four years (A.D. 1 177) and Enlightenment in thirteen years (A.D. 1 186). According to Zhu Bokun's textual research, "the original meaning was not written before enlightenment." (History of the Book of Changes, Peking University Publishing House, 198) This statement is accurate. It should be noted that although Zhouyi Shenwu is listed in Zhu's name, it is not his own work, but the result of his cooperation with Cai. Weng Yi, a student of Cai, recorded in "Seven Years of Chunyou" (1247): "Hui 'an's interpretation of the four books was inspired by Mr. Wang's argument ... Six Classics, Yu, Meng, Xue, Yong, and Mr. Wang used this to discuss how to be coherent and how to be outstanding. Mr. Yan Jing pondered the book "Yi Xue Enlightenment". After many years, it was just a book after being deleted and polished. " (In front of Chua's Nine Books is Chua's scholar) This "gentleman" refers to Chua's Ding Yuan. In the History of Song Dynasty, it is consistent that Weng Yi's Book of Changes was written by Cai and compiled by Zhu. The History of Song Dynasty Cai Zhuan said: "After all, the interpretation of the Four Books, as well as the Book of Changes, Biography of Poetry and Zi Zhi Tong Jian are all repetitive. The book Enlightenment belongs to Ding Yuan. " This can also be confirmed in Wei's remarks. In his letter to Cai Yuan, Zhu said, "Has Enlightenment been revised? I want to be early. " (Selected Works. Answer Cai Jitong) and say, "Has enlightenment changed? Another day, one place and two seasons are connected with days, five places and five times. Cheng Zi changed this, but it was not revealed at that time. I'm afraid it should be added to Cheng now. Is it tomorrow? " (Answer to Cai Jitong's Collected Works) Zhu also made it very clear in the Preface to Enlightenment: "Because of comrades, there are quite four kinds of books about old news to show beginners and make their words unquestionable." This "comrade" is Cai. The word "book" in "four books are books" is enlightenment. Therefore, what Weng Yi wrote is credible.
Research on works
As a famous thinker, philosopher and educator in China's feudal society13rd century, Zhu's Neo-Confucianism thought represented by him has a considerable influence and function in China society, East Asian countries and nations, and even the Chinese society in the world. Zhu's philosophy, thoughts, textual research of Zhu's works and evaluation of Zhu's historical position all need comprehensive and in-depth research.
His research tentacles cover all fields of Confucian classics. Scholars in the Qing Dynasty all said with emotion that Zhu Zi was a "broad, meticulous and comprehensive" scholar. According to the description statistics of Sikuquanshu, there are 25 kinds of Zhu's works with more than 600 volumes, with a total word count of about 20 million words. This is still a very incomplete statistic, but this set of figures alone is considerable enough to build a monument to diligent thinkers.
In addition to the richness of his works, Zhu's works also show the characteristics of diversified forms. "Words must be faithful and deeds must be fruitful" is a Confucian tradition that began with Confucius. The so-called "narration" is essentially a creative way to explain one's own thoughts and theories by means of annotation and interpretation of Confucian classics. Zhu is the most successful and active scholar who established his own neo-Confucianism system in this way. His Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Biography of Poems and Original Meaning of Zhouyi are the representatives of this kind of works. But Zhu Xi is by no means a "doer". He laid the foundation stone for his Neo-Confucianism building with a large number of rigorous theoretical works. Jie Tai Chi Tu and Jie Mingxi are the high crystallization of his philosophical thoughts, Jing Hua Yuan and A Record of Famous Officials' Words and deeds are the concentrated displays of his historical theory, and Hui An Anthology is the final masterpiece of his neo-Confucianism. Another kind of Zhu Zi's works, such as Notes on Chu Ci and Textual Research on Korean, are the collation and research of the academic heritage of the previous generation. This kind of works not only shows Zhu Zi's profound and extensive academic foundation, but also shows his academic orientation in different periods. Editing suicide notes for former institutional scientists is another work of Zhu. He compiled Cheng Cheng's suicide note and foreign books for Cheng Yi and Hao Cheng.
Edited "Quotations from Shangcai" for Xie and "Zhai Weiji" for his father Zhu Song. Zhu also has a book about cooperation with friends, which records his recent thoughts. This is the work of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and Zhang Zai that he read with Lv Zuqian while guarding his mother's grave in Lengquan Elegant House during the mourning period, and he arranged and edited it. This is an important book called "China's first philosophical anthology, the outline of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the outline of Zhuzi's philosophy" (the introduction of Chen Yongji's Golden Note).
Zhu's evaluation:
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty called Zhu: a subject that has been studied for thousands of years and hundreds of millions of years. [ 16]
Huang Kaizai, a student of Zhu (Zhu Zi): Taoism is passed on to others ... from Mencius, to Zhou, Cheng, and finally to Mr. ..
Xin Qiji, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: Immortal people will be immortal. What do you mean, dead, still alive.
Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: Some people have the heart to donate 100 corpses and nine plains, while others shed tears into the East China Sea. The road has been repaired and I am lost. The public never dies, but they still enjoy it.
Fan Jiang in the early Qing Dynasty: Hui Weng was a disciple of Confucius and Mencius and a master of Confucianism. [9]
Phoenix. Com (Master of Science: Zhu): As a knowledgeable scholar, Zhu has many aspects worth learning by future generations. He never tires of learning all his life, never tires of teaching others, is knowledgeable, rigorous in his studies and rich in books. He has made great achievements in exegesis, textual research, annotation of ancient books and collation of documents and materials. In addition, he also conducted extensive research on many natural sciences such as astronomy, geography, law and calendar. As an official in feudal society, he tried to maintain that system, but at the same time he could observe people's feelings, oppose those who extorted money and harmed the rich, and dared to fight against the illegal acts of corrupt officials and local gentry. During his tenure as a local official, Zhu also did some useful work to stabilize people's livelihood, such as relieving famine and encouraging production. Among the officials in feudal society, he was an upright and promising man. Finally, it should be pointed out that Zhu is also one of the famous educators in the history of education in China. [9]
Poets in the Song Dynasty wrote in Huang Richao: Huian is a collection of notes and a revival of ancient exegesis. First of all, the meaning of the word is clear, which makes this article easy to understand, and then ... gives its main points. [ 17]
Joseph Needham, British historian of science and technology (collected works of Joseph Needham): Zhu was a naturalist who made in-depth observations on various natural phenomena [18].
Scholars from all over Wang Zu and Korea (case study of Song and Yuan Dynasties, case study of Huiweng): To the masses, they are meticulous and considerate from generation to generation. The study of Jiangxi and Yongjia in eastern Zhejiang is not inevitable, but it cannot be generalized.
Joseph Needham, a British modern biologist: ① When we further investigate this delicate natural system, we have to admit that the concepts studied by philosophers in the Song Dynasty are no different from those used in modern science. (2) At least the world outlook of Neo-Confucianism and the viewpoint of natural science are extremely consistent, which is impossible to doubt. (3) Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty is scientific in nature, accompanied by all kinds of pure scientific activities and unprecedented prosperity of applied science itself.