On Nanjing's Landing on Phoenix Terrace, Klang Ganzhou and Shuilongyin. Deng Jiankang's Banquet Pavilion and the Image of Deng Kuaige

Li Bai and Fenghuang used to play here, so this place was named them, and now they have given up this desolate river. Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine. The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two. A cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart! The poem explains that there was a phoenix flying on the Phoenix platform, and the phoenix flew away. Now that the Phoenix Tower is empty, the Yangtze River water is still flowing. The once prosperous court of Wu was abandoned. The aristocrats of the Eastern Jin Dynasty have already been buried. Three mountains are looming on the horizon. Egrets divide the river into two channels. Clouds always cover the sun and the moon, and I can't go back to Chang' an, so I am deeply depressed. Phoenix Terrace: Located in Fengtai Mountain, Nanjing. According to legend, the Yuan family in Liu and Song Dynasties was built by collecting rare birds and animals in the mountains. Wu Gong: During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu established Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) as his capital. Clothing: refers to princes and nobles. Sanshan: The name of the mountain is on the Yangtze River in the southwest of Nanjing. Ershui: Qinhuai River flows through Nanjing and enters the Yangtze River in the west, and is divided into two tributaries because Egret Island passes through it. Appreciation of Poetry and Prose When Li Bai was young, he came to the Yellow Crane Tower for the first time and stood upstairs looking at the prospect of the Yangtze River. He was filled with emotion and immediately became poetic. However, "the sight is a scene, but Cui Hao's poems are in his mind". Nevertheless, Li Bai has never forgotten this matter, nor has he forgotten the poem Yellow Crane Tower. Later, Li Bai wrote "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing" with the rhythm of Cui Haoshi. Jinling was the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The poet boarded the Phoenix Terrace and looked at the magnificent Yangtze River. Relying on history and feeling today, all people will become passers-by of history in a hurry, but the natural beauty in front of them is eternal. The whole poem perfectly combines history with reality, natural scenery with personal feelings, and expresses the feeling that ambition is hard to be rewarded in one go. Its neckline is gorgeous, ingenious, accurate and beautiful. "Klang Ganzhou" is a well-known masterpiece: a drizzly rain on the river, a clear autumn. The bleak frost wind is tight, the river surface of the mountains and rivers is deserted, and the setting sun shines on the tall buildings. This is a decline in prosperity, not a decline in Ran Ran's prosperity. Only the Yangtze River water. Speechless flows east. Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home. Sighing where these years have gone, why do you have to stay in a strange land for a long time? I miss a beautiful woman. I look forward to it, but I miss it several times. The sky knows my way home. Eager to know me, lean on the dry place. This is a work that expresses the homesickness of a wanderer. Between the lines, the sadness and homesickness of wandering life are deeply expressed. The opening is set in Jiangtian, and it is drizzling at dusk. The word "sprinkle" is reminiscent of the wind, rain and waves that pass neatly. It is the clear autumn season, and the autumn is crisp. After some wind and rain, it highlights the sad and sad atmosphere. The word "washing" is vivid and accurate, which reminds people of Han Yu's "Chang 'an Rain Washing the New Autumn". Then, the author freely and powerfully introduced a stirring autumn color: "The frost is bleak, the river is cold, and the afterglow is a building", which conveys an open and broad sense of space from the overlap of hearing, vision, prospect and close shot, and the rich and powerful music is shocking. Su Shi once praised this, saying: "Poetry does not diminish the height of the Tang people. "Desolate autumn, almost devoid of all vitality, everywhere fragrance withered, falling leaves, beautiful scenery in silent and helpless, even the vast Yangtze River, choked aphasia, silently flowing eastward. Between the lines, the author subtly permeates the sadness and sentimentality of the wanderer. The second half of the word truly expresses the author's tortuous state of mind, ups and downs, and has a unique charm. The word "I can't stand it" rose against the trend, showing the tangled contradictions in my inner world. Looking at the distant home, the idea of going home always comes to my mind, which is hard to restrain, but it is getting stronger and stronger. I lament that I have been wandering in the rivers and lakes these years, bored, empty, homesick, and it is difficult to have a home. At the same time, I want to talk about pain and resentment. The author skillfully uses "how to stay for a long time" to hide how much bitterness, injustice and bitterness he has in his heart. This stroke euphemistically describes the inner feelings, which is touching and sad to read. From "looking" to "sighing" and from "sighing" to "thinking", the poet clearly shows the scene and thinks about the expectation of beautiful women. Because of the change of subject and object and the expansion of the scene, the charm is more mellow. Lifelike family members dressed up, this scene vividly reminds people of the melancholy and loss of "all Qian Fan is nothing". The word "a few mistakes" is straightforward, accurate, frank and profound, and it is also a wonderful pen. The conclusion goes back to the author's deep affection, full of homesickness and homesickness, full of sadness and sadness. Who can understand and how to say it? This poem describes the scenery in words, which is not only ornamental, but also shows the charm and spirit in the sketch, which is ingenious and unpretentious. Expressing emotions, lingering frustration, repeatedly incisively and vividly, the beauty of movement can be seen superb. If you sing with a harmonious melody, it will be beautiful, fascinating and intoxicating. Appreciation of Shui Long's concealment of Xin Qiji: The first sentence is abrupt and the idea is far away. Although the momentum is slightly inferior to Dongpo's famous sentence: "One river does not return, the waves are exhausted, and the eternal romantic figures. "But the breadth of the realm is the same as the openness of the mind. It seems to make you pull the ground into the air and swim with your eyes open. Look up at the sky, look down at the water. The sky is high and boundless. Such a spectacular sight is rarely appreciated by ordinary people, but it is unbearable for people who are trying to kill rats. Fan Kai once said in the preface to Jia Xuan: "Those who achieve great things must use cymbals, and those who achieve great things must have far-reaching meaning." "His opinion is that the artistic features of Xin Ci are more essential. During the Southern Song Dynasty, ethnic conflicts were always intense. Although Xin Qiji was born in the north under the rule of Jin Dynasty, he was influenced by his grandfather since he was a child. He was attached to the Southern Song Dynasty and patriotic. He is determined to overthrow foreign oppression and realize the reunification of the motherland. To this end, he devoted himself to the anti-gold struggle very early. At the age of twenty-one, he gathered more than two thousand righteous men to join the team, pointing directly at the Jin regime. Later, after the incident, among the 50,000 enemy troops, he could capture and bind the traitor Zhang Anguo alive with just over 50 riders. Xin Qiji boasted that he had the ability to help the world and serve the country all his life, but his extraordinary courage and grand ambition made him unwilling to be mediocre all his life. Therefore, reflected in artistic creation, his words are bold and unrestrained. However, Su Dongpo, as an uninhibited poet, seems to know everything about life, life and death, and has no concept of success or failure, so his words are natural and unrestrained, and there is no lack of harmony. Xin Qiji, on the other hand, is conceited because of his integrity, confident because of his achievements, and persistent because of his pursuit of the ideal of life, so his words always reveal frustration, indignation and sorrow with unfulfilled ambitions. So we can see that when Xin Qiji's pen shrinks slightly from the distance of the first sentence, the mountain shadow like a bun affects his long-term leisure. All kinds of worries and anxieties are reflected in the afterglow of the sunset. Responding to the cry of the lonely goose, Xin Qiji, who has no fixed place, feels unprecedented sadness and cold silence at the moment. Since returning to the Song Dynasty, he has been eager to serve the country and establish his own achievements. Politically, however, he didn't get the chance to display his talents. Not only did no one come to discuss the northern expedition with him, but he was suspected by the powerful people in the DPRK, and his ambition was always hard to pay. After dealing with these, he took off his sabre, looked at it silently for a long time and sighed. This shows that this knife is not like me. It was originally used to kill the enemy and make meritorious deeds, but now it is idle. What time? Lonely, he can't find an understanding confidant. In the last part, Xin Qiji climbed high and looked far, touching the scene, moving with the scene, from far and near, advancing layer by layer, expressing his great ambition and hard-to-pay bitterness. In the following film, the author further clarifies that his belief in life is firm. Although he is temporarily unsuccessful, he will never be depressed. He said, don't mention that the bass is delicious only when it is finely cut. Look, the autumn wind has passed. Has Zhang Hans gone home? According to the Book of Jin, when Hans Zhang became the king of Qi, he was afraid of becoming a victim of the upper-level power struggle, and at the same time he was comfortable, so he took advantage of the autumn wind to claim to miss the leeks, soups and bass in his hometown. Here Xin Qiji borrowed Hans Zhang from Belgium, but used it in reverse. He showed that it was difficult for him to forget current events, give up his official position and go home. On the one hand, Xin Qiji opposed the reclusive life of escaping from the real struggle, and at the same time despised the national subjugation, knowing only the hedonic behavior of Jue Lu. He appreciated Liu Bei's sarcasm to Xu Fan very much. In the Three Kingdoms, when Xu Fan told Liu Bei that Chen Deng didn't say a word during his visit and let him sleep under the bed, Liu Bei said: You are a national scholar. Now the world is in chaos and the emperor is lost. Chen Deng hopes that you can worry about your country and forget your home and have the idea of saving the world. But you ask him for fields and homes, and you have nothing to say. This is what Chen Deng fears most, so there is nothing to say with you. If it were me, I wouldn't just let you sleep under the bed and I'd sleep on the bed, but let you sleep underground and I'll sleep a hundred feet high. Liu Beihuai, reprimanding Xu Fan, was inspirational. Xin Qiji called it "the talent of willow waves", which is also a metaphor. He believes that in the face of his heroism, courtiers and dignitaries who beg for land and seek personal gain are ashamed. However, the confession of the soul does not relieve the loneliness of the soul, but increases the pain. Xin Qiji now feels like Huan Wen in the Eastern Jin and Northern Expedition. When he saw that the willows planted by Langxie ten years ago had been surrounded, he couldn't help crying and sighed: "Why can people be inferior after all this?" "Time is ruthless, year after year, time is in the storm, the country is drifting away, and my ambition to help the people and save the country is still difficult to achieve, so I regret it. He is too eager for someone to help him relieve his depression, but who can comfort him: the last sentence of the latter part is exactly the same as the last sentence of the previous one. Emotionally, it expresses the anguish, sadness and hatred of Xin Qiji's unfinished business. Huang Dingjian, who went to the Express Pavilion, is a fool, but he is involved in public affairs. The express booth leans against yat sen villa. Qian Shan has a vast sky, and Chengjiang has a bright moon. Zhu Xian is already a beauty, and her young eyes are chatting with wine. Wan Li returned to the ship to play the flute, which is why we made an alliance with Bai Ou. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1082), Huang Tingjian was appointed as the magistrate of Taihe County in Jizhou (now Taihe County in Jiangxi Province). In his spare time, poets often go to Kuaige, which is named after the scenery of Tsinghua on the Chengjiang River ("Qing Yi governs Ji 'an House"). This famous tune is to write out what you have seen and felt temporarily. It embodies the poet's aesthetic taste and artistic thought, so it is often cited as a representative by critics. Generally speaking, the beginning of an article or poem is often so difficult that some writers often cut it off, because at the beginning, the author has not integrated with the situation of the work, so it is easy to pose. Huang's poems begin with colloquial expressions, but they can be wonderfully conceived and fascinating. The poet said, I, fool, boarded the express booth after finishing my official business. In the afterglow of sunset, I leaned against the fence and looked out. These two sentences, seemingly simple and popular, contain extremely rich contents: the first sentence is based on a sentence by Xia Houdun in Fu Xianchuan, the Book of Jin, "It is not easy to be an official although having children is crazy." "If you sit in a daze, you will hear it again soon!" The latter sentence uses Du Fu's "Pay attention to Leng Jiang's leaning against the mountain pavilion" and Li Shangyin's "The eternal chastity soul leans against the sunset glow", and there are many amazing transformations. The word "idiot" reverses the meaning of predecessors and directly admits that he is "idiot", which is one of the humors; The word "let it go" renders the poet's happy mood of relief, echoes the "fast" darkness of "fast songs" and increases the sense of unity. This is the second wonderful use; The word "leaning on yat sen villa" is beyond the previous stereotype. The "leaning" and leaning against the mountain pavilion in Du Fu's poems are plain descriptions of the real situation; Li's "leaning", whose theme is "eternal chastity soul", is an illusory reality; The "leaning" of Huang's poems can be described as the combination of reality and reality; The poet's leaning is a real scene, but he leans on the boundless twilight sky. Look at these three houses, just like an artistic photography. In the afterglow of the sunset, the poet and the pavilion are behind him ... Not only that, but the word "leaning on the sunset glow" also paved the way for the description of the next sentence, which made the poet generate sing the swan song of "the mountains are wide before, the rivers are bright". Looking at countless autumn mountains from afar, the fallen leaves on the mountains have fallen, and the vast sky is wider at this time. Clear as jade, the Chengjiang River flows under the pavilion, and a crescent moon is reflected on the river, which is even more ethereal and clear. This is a description of the scenery the poet visited when he first boarded the pavilion, and it is also a portrayal of the poet's mind. Reading such poems can't help but remind people of Du Fu's famous sentences: "Leaves are falling like a waterfall, but I think the long river is always rolling in" and Xie Tiao's "Yu Xia is scattered into Qi, and Chengjiang is as clean as practice". And this sentence of Huang Gu not only absorbs the nutrients of predecessors to exercise and melt, but also represents a new realm. Therefore, predecessors have commented on this sentence: "Its artistic conception is epoch-making, so it can really split the unfinished secrets of ancient and modern times." (Zhang Lu Zhai Xue Ji Ji) Five or six sentences are the middle sentences of the poet's clever use of allusions. In the previous sentence, I thanked my bosom friend with Boya holding the piano. "Lu Chunqiu's original taste" contains: "If you die, you will lose your piano and string, and you will never play the piano for life, thinking that the world is not enough to be a drummer." The last sentence uses Ruan Ji's blue eyes. Historically, Ruan Ji was good at blue eyes. "When you see people with customs, you should look at them with white eyes." See the person you like "jealous" (Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin). The poet's two sentences mean that because my bosom friend was absent, I broke the Zhu string on the piano and stopped playing, so I had to clear a bottle of wine to relieve my worries. The word "horizontal" is used incisively and vividly here, showing the image of the poet's helplessness, loneliness and boredom. The poet said that he hoped to board the boat, play the melodious flute and return to his distant hometown-my heart, which had already made a covenant with Bai Ou. Judging from the structure of the whole poem, the ending is quite wonderful: first of all, the poet talks about "giving up his official duties for idiots", showing his boredom with his official career and his desire to climb the pavilion to enjoy the natural scenery; Then, gradually getting better, the poet was intoxicated by the beautiful moonlight in Qian Shan and Chengjiang, which was in sharp contrast with the "ending" of the beginning "business"; In the beautiful scenery, the worries in the poet's heart come for no reason, and the poet feels the pain that his ambition cannot be realized and his heart is not understood. So where is the way out? This naturally leads to the poets' thoughts of "returning to the ship" and "Bai Ou". This ending not only echoes the beginning, but also ends with the trend, giving people a feeling of "hovering down in one breath" (Pan Boying's comments). And it is meaningful and imaginative. This poem was highly praised by later generations. Yao Nai called this poem "majestic and rhythmic, this move is too white, and it is sung in seven methods"; Fang commented: "start with four sentences, write them, one sentence is expensive, and five or six sentences are vulgar." Relax. This so-called "one-way street" is the combination of couples. " These comments are very pertinent. Weng Fanggang commented on the poem of Huangshan Canyon like this: "Apart from Pogong, there is such an extremely high power, an extremely great realm, and the vitality of nature is exhausted." Reciting this poem is well deserved. Huang Tingjian wrote poems in order to learn from Du Fu and his "clumsy sentences". It also advocates "one word does not agree" and "turning iron into gold" and "taking fetus as bone", forming a unique "valley body" Works that embody its characteristics, such as: Wu Shi loves it very much, so don't send cows to grind their horns. The bull has a beautiful horn, but the bull is against me. ("Grazing Cattle with Bamboo Stone") Fools are busy with business, but quick pavilions depend on yat sen villa. Qian Shan has a vast sky, and Chengjiang has a bright moon. Zhu Xian is already a beauty, and her young eyes are chatting with wine. Wan Li returned to the ship to play the flute, which is why we made an alliance with Bai Ou. Please refer to the above materials or other valley poems you are familiar with and discuss the main characteristics of their artistic style. 1 1