Although the cup is empty, the cup will overturn when the cup is empty. ——Tao Yuanming of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "Drinking·Part 4" Even though the wine glass is empty, the cup will overturn when the cup is empty. Autumn chrysanthemums are beautiful, and the dew on them reveals their beauty.
I forget my worries and my worldly feelings are far away from me.
Although the cup is empty, the cup will overturn when the cup is empty.
The sun is moving among the flocks, and the returning birds are singing in the forest.
Under Xiao Ao Dongxuan, talk about regaining this life. Appreciating flowers, chrysanthemums, drinking and sentimentality Translation and annotations
Translation
Autumn chrysanthemums are in full bloom and bright, moist with dew.
The taste of chrysanthemum bubble wine is more beautiful, and the feeling of avoiding vulgarity is deeper.
Empty the wine in the glass with one wave, then hold the wine flask and pour it into the glass.
At sunset, all living things cease, and returning birds sing happily to the forest.
Sing to your heart’s content under the east window, and spend this life happily for the time being. Appreciation
This poem describes the leisurely contentment of chrysanthemum drinking, but actually contains deep sentimentality.
Autumn is the season of chrysanthemums. In the autumn when all the flowers have already withered, chrysanthemums are the only ones that are not afraid of the severe frost and bloom alone, showing their steadfast and noble character. But because of this, the author loves chrysanthemums very much. He writes about it many times in his poems, and often associates it with pine trees. For example, in "He Guo Zhubu": "The chrysanthemums bloom in the forest and shine, and the green pines crown the rocks. With this pure and beautiful appearance, "Zhuo is a hero under the frost." "Returning Words": "Three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still exist." The first line of this poem, "The autumn chrysanthemums have beautiful colors," is also a heartfelt praise for the chrysanthemums. The three words "you have a beautiful color" are extremely simple, and the word "jia" is also dark and fragrant, but the chrysanthemum has the color of proud frost. If it is replaced by other beautiful words, such as "Li", "Charming", and "Brilliant" Class, but vulgar. The predecessors said that this sentence "washes away the tackiness of the past and the present" (Li Gonghuan of the Song Dynasty cited Gen Zhai's words in "Annotations to Tao Yuanming Collection"), and it is not a false claim that "the dew is applied to the flowers". When picking flowers with dew, they are both beautiful and fragrant. Chrysanthemum is picked for consumption. Chrysanthemum can prolong life. The author of "Nine Days of Leisure" said that "wine can dispel all kinds of worries, and chrysanthemum can relieve aging". Cao Pi's "Book of Sending Chrysanthemums to Zhong Yao on Nine Days" says: "Moss (referring to chrysanthemums) is the most valuable thing to help the body prolong life. I would like to offer a bunch to help Peng Zu's skills." It can be seen that taking chrysanthemums was a custom in the Six Dynasties. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" said: "Drinking magnolias in the morning will make the dew fall, and eating autumn chrysanthemums in the evening will make them fall." Therefore, taking chrysanthemums not only strengthens the body, but also has the metaphor of noble aspirations, and the lofty meanings of the whole article are also derived from chrysanthemums. trigger.
The beauty of autumn chrysanthemums makes people happy with wine, and the author unconsciously started drinking one cup after another. "The Book of Songs·Beifeng·Bo Zhou" "I have no wine, so I can travel and swim", Mao "Zhuan": "I have no wine, so I can travel and forget my worries." And Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing": "How to relieve worries, only "Du Kang." (It is said that Du Kang was the person who started making wine, and is used here as a nickname for wine.) If you are not worried, you will not think of "forgetting worry". This reveals the author's deep anger. "Leave the world" means abandoning and transcending the world, mainly referring to not being an official. Huang Wenhuan of the Ming Dynasty said in his "Analysis of Tao Poems": "My feelings for leaving the world are originally far away, but for wine and chrysanthemums, they are twice as far away." The analysis is very accurate. However, when combined with "forgetting worries", the "leaving the world" here also contains an element of anger. Because Yuanming originally wanted to do something that would "help the common people" ("Ganshibuyufu"), but it was only later that he saw the political darkness of the time in the officialdom with his own eyes, and then decided to retire.
The next six sentences specifically describe the pleasure and feelings of drinking, depicting a peaceful and beautiful state, which is an image portrayal of "the feeling of leaving the world behind". What is written here is drunkenness alone. He is neither as luxurious as Kong Rong, who "sits with guests and always drinks wine" ("The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Zheng Kongxun" contains Kong Rong's words), nor is he like the celebrities in the Bamboo Forest who "drink to the top of their lungs". But a man drinks his own cup of chrysanthemum. Drinking alone can easily make people feel lonely, but the fifth and sixth sentences each contain the word "although" and the word "自", which wash away the feeling of loneliness and desolation. The word "自" makes the pot seem quite understandable. The wine glass in the poet's hand is diligently refilled. The word "Qing" not only refers to pouring wine into the cup, but also means pouring out the jug, which shows that he drank by himself for a long time, his interest was high, and he drank a lot. Therefore, from these two sentences to the two sentences "Riru", not only the descriptions are different, but also the passage of time is included. As the drinking increased, the author's feelings also increased.
The next two sentences, "The sun enters the crowd and moves and breathes" is the general statement, and "the returning bird flocks to the forest to sing" is to take one thing in the crowd to prove it; It can also be said that because he saw returning birds flocking to the forest, he realized that the time when the sun sets is the time when the flocks of animals have stopped. "Trending" is movement, and "calling" is sound, but only in a particularly open and quiet environment can the birds flocking to the forest more clearly and the sounds of birds can be heard more clearly. This is to write stillness with movement and write with sound. The expression of silence. The tranquility and beauty of the environment also bring out the author's leisurely mood. These two sentences describe the scenery and are also the sustenance of Yuanming's ambitions and interests at this time. Yuanming wrote a lot about birds in his poems, especially after he retired to seclusion, he often used the metaphor of returning birds. In addition to this poem, he wrote such poems as "I return to the bird with wings, wandering in the forest. I don't think about the road to heaven, I am glad to return to my habitat" ("Returning Bird"), "I return to the bird with wings, and I trim my feathers with cold strips."
... I pay my tribute and give my best, and I am tired of my work" ("Returning Birds"), "The birds in the cage are nostalgic for the old forest, and the fish in the pond are thinking about their old abyss" ("Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields"), and "The clouds come out unintentionally and the spiders come out" , the birds are tired of flying and know to return" ("Returning Letters"), "The mountain air is getting better day and night, and the flying birds return to each other" ("Drinking: Building a House in a Human Land"), "The birds are happy to have their support, and I also love them. "My House" ("Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas"), etc. The returning birds in these poems are the author's artistic incarnations. The bird approaching the forest was originally seen accidentally, but it aroused the author's deep thoughts: " There is a time when all "swarm movements" cease, and birds still know how to return to their nests after sunset. Why is this not the case in life? The process of birds starting to fly and finally returning is just like the author's life journey from being an official to retiring. Here is both excitement, comparison, and love. The three elements are integrated into each other, making people unaware, and the expression technique is very clever. In 416 AD, Tao Yuanming was always depressed. He had long seen that the Eastern Jin Dynasty was exhausted, and it was only a matter of time before Liu Yu usurped the throne. I was so sad about this all day that I could only drink to relieve my sorrow. After being drunk, I became more poetic and wrote with emotion. I waited until I sobered up the next day to revise and polish 20 poems in one day. This group of poems is titled "Twenty Poems on Drinking", and this poem is the seventh one by Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), whose courtesy name was Yuanliang, also known as Mr. Wuliu (also known as Yuanming). Posthumously named "Jingjie", he was a poet, writer, poet, and essayist in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the early Song Dynasty. He was a native of Chaisang, Xunyang, Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). He worked as a minor official for several years, and then resigned and returned home. From then on, he lived in seclusion, and pastoral life was the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems. Related works include "Drinking", "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", "The Story of the Peach Blossom Spring", "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", "Returning to the Countryside", etc.
Tao Yuanming's alfalfa stalks are all over the forest, and the westerly wind is blowing alone. In the deserted garden in the west corner of Yongfeng, no one belongs to him. The phoenix curtain is lonely and has no one to sleep with. , look at the lanterns and flowers falling. The wild paths are all dark, and the boats on the river are only bright. I am a stranger in a foreign land, and I miss my loved ones even more during the festival. The lonely lantern shines in the peach blossom cave, and the dream of Yaotai. Who is in love with the spring sorrow? The human road is long and the water is broken. The embroidered tent is closed and the embroidered tent is closed, and the fragrance is lonely. The curtain invites the bright moon, and the wind reveals the window screen. I still talk to myself when I am frustrated, but I only know how sad I am. I take off my clothes in exchange for Shangshan wine, and I laugh at Li Sao alone. It is late in the spring, and I look at the green grass road in Yuguan.