Flat tile refers to the fact that Chinese characters are divided into flat tile and flat tile. Horizontal tone includes upper horizontal tone and lower horizontal tone, and horizontal tone includes upper, lower and middle tone.
The flat tone is basically the flat tone and flat tone of Putonghua, and the wrong tone is basically the rising tone and falling tone of Putonghua. However, some words do not conform to this rule, especially the entering tone has been cancelled now, and it is only reserved in dialects, and many existing falling tone words are pronounced in ancient times.
The specific dividing standard of the flat lines is based on Pingyun Water Meter, in which the upper and lower flat lines are flat lines, and the upper, lower and middle tones are flat lines. When writing poetry, we should pay attention to flat and even lines, that is, according to the rules, flat and even lines should be used where flat and even lines should be used.
Let's talk about the flat format of modern poetry:
Basic format of five-character quatrains: (for simplicity, P stands for flat voice and Z stands for silence)
1.zzppz，
2.ppzzp。
3.pppzz，
4.zzzpp。
The principle of leveling in modern poetry is correct and sticky. The first sentence of the couplet is called a sentence, and the next sentence is called a sentence. Sentences and dialogues should be correct, that is, even. It is a basic principle that the antithetical sentences should be stuck on the next couplet, that is, the first two words (the first four words of a seven-character poem) should be flush. According to this principle, this format can be popularized.
There are four formats of five-character quatrains, besides the basic format, there are three other formats, with the second, third and fourth innings of the basic format as the first game and written down according to the principle of fit. So we got three more formats.
24 12,34 12,4234。
(Because the second sentence and the fourth sentence rhyme, only the rhyming poems are introduced here, so 2 can only be used in 4 pairs, not 1 pair. )
Write four more sentences about the basic format, which is the basic format of the five laws.
1234 1234
According to the principle of adhesion, the other three five-unique formats can also be expanded into five-law formats.
24 1234 12,34 1234 12,4234 1234
On the basis of the five-character format, Seven Laws adds two words in front of each sentence, and the level of these two words is opposite to that of the original first two words. For example, the basic format of a seven-character quatrain can be written as follows:
ppzzppz，
zzppzzp。
zzpppzz，
ppzzzpp。
According to this method, it is not difficult to deduce the other three basic formats of seven-character quatrains and four basic formats of seven-character poems. Let's talk about the variation of even words first. According to the standard 16 format, the space for choosing words is too small, so variation is necessary and not dispensable. There are mainly the following points:
1. One, three, five, two, four, six. Many people know this formula, that is, seven words 135 (five words 133) should not pay too much attention to the level, but must pay attention to 246. But we cannot adhere to this principle. There are two main places that cannot be ignored.
In the basic format of (1), the first word of the second sentence ppzzp (seven words are the third word of zzppzzp) can't be muted, otherwise it is called "making a solitary sound", that is, there is only one flat sound except rhyme. But there is a remedy for the first word, and we will talk about it later.
(2) The third word of zzzpp in the fourth sentence of the basic format can't be flat, otherwise it is called three-level tone, which is also a big problem. And there is no remedy, avoid by all means.
(3) Generally speaking, the first word of seven words is even, which is basically not required.
2. It's irreversible. Don't think that nothing can be undone unless something happens. Difficult to survive is also a form, which is used as much as the basic form in ancient poetry. "Unlucky Rescue" is the remedy for the above-mentioned "loneliness", which is to change the third word of this sentence into a flat voice, so that the original ppzzp becomes zppzp, which is a very common format. Seven words is to turn zzppzzp into zzzppzp.
3. Exchange three or four words. The basic format of the third game pppzz can change three or four words into ppzpz, which is also very common.
4. Help each other. If the third word of the second sentence in the basic format is flat, it can not only save the flatness of the first word of this sentence, but also make the first sentence have a lot of space, so that the first, third and fourth words of the first sentence can be flat, so that the first sentence may have five flat tones. This is not a problem, as long as the first sentence is flat and flat. That's it, @z@pz, pp@zp. It becomes @z@@z, @ppzp in the basic format. (@ stands for even number).
To facilitate memory, there is a basic formula.
Variable lattice basic format variable lattice
@z@@z，{ ======@z@pz，
@ppzp。 { ======pp@zp。 -zpzp
@p@zz，- @pzpz
@zzpp。 There are also some advanced requirements, which are pursued from the aspect of phonological beauty, and you can not follow them.
1。 Extensive mutual assistance. The first word of seven-character ppzzzpp could have been an even number, but sometimes the pursuit of phonological beauty has to be saved, turning it into zppzzpp, and some of them have to be saved in the sentence, that is, changing the original zzpppzz, ppzzzpp into pzppzz, zppzzpp. It's more powerful to read.
2。 Avoid the tail. At the end, that is, the last word of adjacent odd-numbered sentences (such as the first sentence and the third sentence) uses the same vowel, such as two rising sounds (or falling sounds and entering sounds) used together. This problem is not big, and some descendants are not a problem, but some people are very particular. Generally speaking, in a rhyme, it is best to use the words "up" and "in" at the end of odd sentences.
3。 Do not emphasize words. Needless to say, this. However, there is one exception, which is the use of overlapping words. For example, "every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in water, and a nest of herbs in Nautilus Island."
That's all I have to say about Pingping. Let me add that if the end of the first sentence is flat, it must rhyme, such as 2412,4234. 2。 rhyme
Rhyme is very simple, that is, the words with the same rhyme in Ping Shui Yun are used where they should be used. One thing needs to be emphasized. If the first sentence enters rhyme, it can be connected with adjacent rhyme (common in late Tang Dynasty). Which rhymes belong to adjacent rhymes?
1. One east and two winters
2. Three Rivers and Seven Yang
3. Four branches and five micro branches, eight qi and ten ashes (half)
4. Six kinds of fish and seven kinds of dangers
5. Nine good ones (half) and ten gray ones (half)
6. Eleven truths, twelve thirteen yuan (half)
7. Thirteen yuan (half) fourteen cold fifteen delete one first
8. There are four major cuisines in the second and third cuisines.
9. Five songs
10. Jiujia (semi-) Liu Ma
1 1.
12. Especially 1 1
13. Twelve invasions
14. On "Advance and retreat rhyme", "pulley rhyme" and "gourd rhyme" by Thirteen Qin, Fourteen Salt and Fifteen Salt
These are variations, not formal formats.
"Advance and retreat rhyme" refers to two adjacent rhymes, one entering and one retreating, that is, the second and sixth sentences use a rhyme, and the fourth and eighth sentences use a rhyme to communicate.
"Pulley rhyme" refers to the double-out and double-in of adjacent rhymes, that is, the second and fourth sentences use A rhyme, and the sixth and eighth sentences use B rhyme, which can be used for communication.
"Hulu rhyme" is similar to "advance and retreat rhyme", but it is also between two adjacent rhymes, but it needs to be small first and then big, like a gourd, such as "Yidong" in the second and sixth sentences, "Erdong" in the fourth and eighth sentences, or "Fourteen Cold" in the second and sixth sentences and "Fifteen Delete" in the fourth and eighth sentences.
The first sentence with adjacent rhyme is also called "exploring rhyme"