Robert burns has been fascinated by chemistry since he was a child. I began to teach myself chemistry when I was in primary school and middle school in Quincy. Before he went to middle school, he had tried most of the experiments in a widely used organic chemistry experiment textbook written by Paul Geithmann. At the age of 1928 (1 1), Woodward found the Consul General of the German Consulate in Boston, through whom he got some papers published in German journals. Later, Woodward recalled in his popular science lecture that he accidentally found the original communication between Diels and Alder about diene synthesis in this pile of papers and was fascinated by it. In his later career, robert burns widely applied this reaction to organic synthesis, and made a very in-depth study on this reaction in theory and application. He was admitted to MIT on 1933, and then he was expelled from the school the next year for neglecting other courses. MIT readmitted robert burns on 1935, and awarded him a Bachelor of Science degree on 1936. A year later, he got a doctorate. None of his classmates had graduated at that time. Robert burns's doctoral thesis is about the synthesis of progesterone, a female hormone. After working as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for a short time, he obtained the position of junior researcher at Harvard University (1937- 1938). Since then, I have been staying at Harvard. In the AD1960s, robert burns was appointed as Donner Professor of Science, so he didn't need to give lectures to students, so he could spend all his time on research.
George gordon byron, English poet. 1788 65438+1was born in a rundown aristocratic family in London on October 22nd. /kloc-inherited the title of baron at the age of 0/0, and studied at Harrow Middle School and Cambridge University. He entered the House of Lords as an adult and supported the Democratic Party. When I was a student, I published a collection of poems, Leisure Time (1807), which was criticized by Edinburgh Review. The poet responded with a poem "English Poets and Scottish Critics" (1809), which showed his satirical ability for the first time. 18 12, his new book Childe Harold's Travels was published in two chapters 1 and 2, which was very popular in Britain. Later, Byron wrote Pagan (18 13), Pirates (18 14) and Laila (18 14) People mainly construct the image of the so-called "Byronic hero" according to Harold and the protagonists of these "oriental narrative poems". In Italy, he participated in the activities of the charcoal party against the Austrian occupiers, and his poetry creation also entered a relatively mature period. First, he wrote the third and fourth chapters of Childe Harold's Travels (18 16, 18 18). During the eight years from 18 17 to 1824, Byron completed seven plays. One is Manfred (18 17), according to the name of the hero. The author claims that this is a "dramatic poem", and the other two are imitations of "mysterious dramas" in the Middle Ages. Among them, Cain (182 1) used the story of Cain killing his brother in the Bible, but its focus was on criticizing and mocking God, which caused fierce opposition from the church after the script was published. The further combination of poetry and drama can be found in four long plays with five acts. In "Foscari and Son" (182 1) and "Marino Fariello" (182 1), the author vividly describes the ruthless oppression caused by the power of a few people in the upper class, and its main theme is still that people must fight for freedom. The greater achievement is the satirical poems written in the later period. Byron had a gift for irony, and later he found a suitable poetic style, namely colloquial and flexible Italian stereotyped writing. He used it to write a narrative poem Biebo (18 18), and later wrote an eight-line satirical poem Phantom of the Trial (1822). It turned out that Southey, the poet laureate, also wrote a poem called "The Fantasy of Trial". Southey used to be an enthusiastic eulogist of the French Revolution, but now he writes this poem to praise how King George III of England, who just died, entered heaven to please the royal family. Byron wrote in the same genre about how the blind and crazy king of England was questioned and accused at the gate of heaven. Nowadays, Southey's original poems are almost ignored, while Byron's imitations surpass the specific people and events at that time and are still recited as a model of satirical art. While creating the above-mentioned poetic dramas and satirical poems, Byron has been writing a masterpiece Don Juan. From 18 18 to 1823, he left Italy for Greece. * * * wrote 16, 14, about 16000 lines, which is one of the world's literary masterpieces. At the beginning of 1823, news came from Greece that the anti-soil struggle was on the rise. Byron put down the poem Don Juan, which he was writing, and resolutely took a boat to a small island in Greece to participate in the armed struggle of the Greek people for freedom and independence. He raised money for the Greek army, bought equipment and mediated internal disputes, which showed the talents of politicians and leaders. However, his health has been exhausted. After several months of hard work and getting wet by heavy rain, he finally got sick and died in the Greek army on April 1824.
Jane Austen was born in Steventon, Hampshire, England on February 1775. She has six brothers and one sister, and her family is well-off. My father has been the rector of this area for more than 40 years. He is a learned priest. His wife comes from a relatively wealthy family and has a certain cultural accomplishment. Therefore, although Austin didn't go to a formal school, her excellent family conditions and reading environment gave her the conditions for self-study and cultivated her interest in writing. Austin started writing at the age of thirteen, which shows her talent in language expression. /kloc-in 0/800, my father retired and our family moved to bath, where we lived for about four years. Later, his father died, so Austin moved to Southampton with his mother and sister, and then moved to Jordan on 1809. 18 16 At the beginning of the year, she was seriously ill and became weaker and weaker. 18 17 in may, she was sent to winchester for treatment, but the treatment was ineffective. Unfortunately, she died in her sister's arms in July of the same year. She remained unmarried for life and was buried in Winchester Abbey.
At the age of 2 1, Austin wrote her first novel, entitled First Impression. She contacted the publishing house for publication, but there was no result. This year, she began to write Eleanor and Marianne, and then wrote northanger abbey, which was completed on 1799. Ten years later, First Impression was rewritten and renamed as Pride and Prejudice, and Eleanor and Marianne were rewritten and renamed as Sense and Sensibility, which were published separately. As for northanger abbey, the author didn't publish a book before his death. These three books are Austen's early works, written in her hometown of Steventon.
Her later works are also three: mansfield manor, Emma and Persuasion, all written after the author moved to Jomton. The first two books have been published successively, and only Persuasion completed by 18 16 has to be rewritten because the author is not satisfied with the original ending, and has never been published. After her death, her brother Henry Austin published northanger abbey and Persuasion, and used her real name Jane Austen for the first time.
Jane Austen is the most respected fashion novelist in Britain. Her works mainly focus on the married life of women in the squire family, and are famous for their meticulous observation and lively and funny words. Her rational and pragmatic writing style has created a unique style. Her humorous and realistic works have a profound and relaxed description of contemporary European society, so her well-known works are often put on the screen, such as Sense and Sensibility directed by Ang Lee in collaboration with emma thompson and Kate Wensley, Emma Girl is Getting Married starring Gwyneth Petro, and the well-known Emma Girl is Getting Married.
William makepeace thackeray (18ll- 1863) was an outstanding critical realism novelist in Britain in the 9th century. He was born on July 18 1 18 in Aripa town near Kolkata, India. His father was a tax collector of the British East India Company. When he was 4 years old, his father died and his mother remarried. He inherited from his father.
A rich legacy. He was sent back to England to study at the age of 6, and entered Charter House Schoolsch001/at the age of 6. 1829 After graduating from this school, he entered Trinity College of Cambridge University. However, he was not interested in school education at that time. Without a degree in Cambridge, he left school to study in Weimar, Germany, and met famous scholars such as Goethe. At 193 1, he obeyed his family.
Some people suggested going back to London to study law, but due to lack of interest, they gave up their career as lawyers. . 1833, presided over the weekly flag, went to Paris to specialize in fine arts on June 10 of the same year, and then gave up halfway. 1836, he became a Paris correspondent for the London Constitution newspaper. Soon, the Journal of Constitutionalism ceased to be published, and he returned to China, determined to make a living by writing, wrote articles for newspapers and periodicals, and married Isabella Shaw, the daughter of an Irish army colonel. After marriage, she gave birth to three daughters. Four years later, her wife fell ill, and she was insane until she died.
Thackeray published many articles in newspapers and magazines from 1833, used many pseudonyms and published several collections, which were well received, but he was not recognized as a talented novelist until the novel Vanity Fair came out. In order to protect the lives of his sick wife and weak daughter, he wrote angrily, drew his own illustrations and published his works one after another. At the same time, he also gave speeches and lectures in Britain and the United States. 1857 failed to run for the house of commons in Oxford constituency. From 65438 to 0859, he served as the first editor-in-chief of the newly founded Conhill magazine. Finally, he finally broke down from overwork and died of a heart attack on Christmas Eve in London: 1863.
Some of Thackeray's early novels flogged all kinds of swindlers and adventurers in the upper class, and some satirized the popular novels at that time and played up criminal acts. There are mainly messengers (1838) and Catherine (1840). The Great Hogati Diamond (184 1) and the experience of Barry Linden (17 Heluk of barry lyndon, 844). Thackeray's important novels include The History of Pendennis (1848- 1850), The History of Henry esmond (1852) and The newcomb Family (The Newcombes,1853-/. His last novel, Dennis Duval, was published in Cornhill Magazine on 1864, and only eight chapters were completed when he died.
Thackeray also published a collection of essays, the most famous of which is The Tile Book of Snobbers (1847), which collected 45 close-ups of snobs from all walks of life in Britain. The paper around the island (1863) collected a series of meaningful essays. His best literary criticism is The English Humorous Writer (1853). Thackeray is a prolific writer, leaving a series of well-known and fascinating works for later generations.