Before writing a poem, give a warning-
Luzhai (zhài): firewood: a fence surrounded by trees, connecting "village" and "hill".
Yǐng: Same as "ghost", sunlight reflected by clouds when the sun goes down.
If you read the wrong word, you will naturally get the wrong meaning. First of all, it is very important to read poetry accurately.
Chai Lu is a classic among 300 Tang poems. It's a pity that you haven't seen it. It's a pity that you haven't seen it.
Look at the geographical location of Chai Lu:
There is a ravine in the west of Hekou Village on the west bank of Wanghe River, and the words "dumb call to Wujiacun" are written on the big stone at the mouth of the ravine.
Into the ditch, the mountains on both sides are steep and there are many big stones.
This uninhabited passage from ancient times to the present is the site of Chai Lu.
The ditch is steep and narrow, and the mouth of the ditch shrinks into a narrow pass. If fences are set at the upper and lower entrances, it is indeed a good place to raise deer.
According to local villagers' legend, Wang Wei raised deer here in those days.
Wang Wei hired a mute in the village to look after the deer. One day, a tiger appeared near a deer. The dumb man was frightened, the valley shook and the tiger was scared away. Since then, the dumb can speak, so the village where the dumb is located is also called "dumb village".
Compare the scenery described in the poem with the geographical location;
If we carefully consider the temporal and spatial characteristics of this poem, we will find that the scenery written in the poem is consistent with the reality of dumb rock ditch.
Muhuyan gully is narrow, and the roadbed and both sides are full of stone paths and steep walls. Although there are streams, there are no conditions for building houses and farming, so it is "empty mountains like no one"; However, the topography and geology of the dumb rock plateau above the top of this passage is completely different from that of the passage below, which is not only vast, but also land everywhere. There are residents and people working in the fields. Wang Wei came to see the deer. At the bottom of the ditch, he naturally couldn't see the people at the top of the ditch, but he could hear the voices of people working in the fields-"but I think I heard a voice."
The dumb rock ditch is roughly east-west Before noon, the sun can shine through the ditch mouth, but after noon, the sun is blocked by a row of hills at an altitude of 700-800 meters south of the ditch. Until the evening, the setting sun came in from the west mouth of the ditch, so there was a scene of "the sunshine there entered a small forest and shone back on me from the green moss".
It can be seen that the scenery written by Wang Wei is indeed visible in the dumb rock ditch. The poem written by Wang Wei is really because he visited this place and saw the beautiful scenery in front of him.
Wang Wei likes deer. For example. In 758 AD, after his mother died, he converted Wangchuan into a temple and renamed it Luoguo Temple, and buried his mother in the west side of the temple. In 76 1 year, he was buried there after his death, with his mother as his companion and Luo Kongji as his neighbor.
Top-down hunting mode in Tang Dynasty; Deer are the main target of hunting.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains was deeply influenced by the Turkic and other grassland nationalities, including hunting and other wild life customs. In the early Tang Dynasty, fierce hunting prevailed among princes and nobles. In both auxiliary areas of Gyeonggi, princes, nobles and courtiers all praised hunting as one of the three great pleasures in life.
Looking up the new Tang book Taizong Ji, I found the following records: "In October of the fourth year of Zhenguan, Xin Mao hunted in Guiquan Valley. Chen Jia, who was hunted in Yulongchuan, was presented at Da 'an Palace. On the first day of December, I hunted in Luyuan. B, from (leaving) Luyuan. "
It turns out that Emperor Taizong likes hunting. In December of the fourth year of Zhenguan, he once hunted in a royal hunting ground called Luyuan.
Li Chenggan, the prince of Emperor Taizong, even loved hunting, horseback riding and archery in the garden, but he hated books and neglected his studies. Li Yuanji, King of Qi, likes eagle hunting and dog hunting very much. He often travels in his net with 30 cars, declaring that "I would rather not eat for three days than hunt for one day".
When he was young, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty hunted horses and carried dogs with eagles. After he acceded to the throne, he regarded hunting as "a timely falcon attack and admired martial arts." He hunted in Weibin many times, and Yao Chong, who was proficient in "calling eagles to chase rabbits for fun", joined in and became a "hunter".
Under the guidance of the upper nobility, the rich children of the powerful people in Beijing often wander around the hunting grounds as "Xia Shao", and some even join the imperial army as "dragons hunting in foreign countries" or "shooting in front of the palace" to accompany the hunting dignitaries.
Tang Xuanzong has been eating venison for thousands of years.
Xuanshizhi recorded a deer hunting activity in Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty.
In the autumn of the 23rd year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was founded in the suburbs. Driving to Xianyang, there is a thriving deer in front, but its body is very different from peacetime. I was ordered to shoot it with a bow, and it really hit. Driving back again, the chef's moxibustion has entered. And the utensils for eating are cooked and then provided. When Mr. Zhang served the food, he ordered the fruit and sat in the front, giving it to him together with his meat. Eat with thanks. After eating it, he said, "What does your majesty think of this deer?" He said, "I only know its deer, but I don't know what it is." Guo said, "This deer is a thousand years old. Your majesty is fortunate to ask the minister. " Laughing at him, he said, "Why didn't you say it was a thousand years old?" Guo said, "In the autumn of the fifth year of the late Han Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, I attended the funeral of Emperor Wu in Shanglin. If any of my ministers gave this deer, the emperor would show me that this fairy deer would live for thousands of years. It is better to live in the present than to live in the present. " Hui Di is still a fairy, so he came to play. "The master said," yes, sir. Besides, Han and Yuan hunted for five years, and now he is 800 years old, and his deer has lived. They are 800 years old. How can they not buy them for you? There are many elk in the garden, too. Why should they make them for him today? Guo said: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got this deer, he gave it to others, and ordered Lian Tong as a card, engraved with the year, and tied it in the lower left corner. I am willing to test it, and I don't feel guilty about it. "On that day, I ordered the deer to be released first, and ordered the minister Gao Lishi to check it. There is nothing to see where the food is tilted. He smiled and said, "Sir, fruit is ridiculous. In the lower left corner, place a bronze medal. " Guo said, "Help yourself. "Is to give consideration to both sides, let iron tongs produce a small card, if it is solid copper can have two inches. Beggars have been blind for a long time, so they didn't see their ears. Insist on progress and treat it with life. The disadvantages of his words are beyond recognition. Believe that the fruit is real. He asked Guo again, "I have collected biographies of Jiazi history in Han, Yuan and founding ceremony for five years, and I will tell you first. "Guo said," This is the second year of Guihai. Emperor Wu began to open the Kunming pool and fight with this water because he obeyed the ceremony. Forced to be one year old, 852 years old. "According to Hanshu, Guo Yuan lived in Kunming for five years, and its Jiazi was no different. Gu Shang called Lux and said, "What a surprise! Zhang Guo can talk about current affairs in Hanwu, which is really the so-called acme. I can't get it and I don't know. "
The general idea is:
In the autumn of the 23rd year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went hunting. In the original place of Xianyang, he met a deer, which was very special. It is very big, very big, and at first glance it looks different from other deer. So Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty shot an arrow with a bow, which was very accurate, and the deer fell to the ground. Tang Xuanzong was very happy. His booty is hard-won, and he cherishes it very much. He asked the chef to prepare venison processing, and he wanted to try it. At that time, a man named Zhang Guo accompanied Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. When the venison was ready, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked him to taste it. After Zhang Guo ate it, he asked Tang Xuanzong, "Did your majesty find the venison of this kind of deer very special?" Unknown so, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, replied, "This is just an ordinary deer, nothing special." Zhang Guo added, surprisingly: "This deer is 1000 years old." Tang Xuanzong no longer believed it, so he said, "It's just an ordinary animal. How can it be chitose?" Zhang Guo claimed to be a fairy and said that he had lived for a thousand years. Then, Zhang Guo tells the story of the deer. He said, "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was around, I went hunting with him. An attendant caught a deer and presented it to Emperor Wu. At that time, I stood up and said, this deer is amazing. It is a fairy deer and can live for a thousand years. Better let him go. Hearing this, Emperor Wudi set the deer free. Then it was eaten by your majesty. "
Tang Xuanzong still didn't believe it. During the 800 years from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, how did this deer escape the hunters? How did Zhang Guo know that this deer was released by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty? Zhang Guo had expected that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty would say so, saying that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a bronze medal made at that time, engraved with words and tied to antlers. Hearing this, Gao Lishi went to look for the bronze medal, but he couldn't find it for a long time. Tang Xuanzong smiled and said to Zhang Guo, "It seems that Mr. Wang is wrong." Zhang Guo replied, "I'll get it myself." So, I took an iron pliers and took out a bronze medal about two inches. Because the deer is very old and hairy, it hides the bronze medal. Zhang Guo awarded the bronze medal to Tang Xuanzong, who ordered people to read the words on the sign, which were illegible. Therefore, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty believed Zhang Guo's words and asked him, "What events in history can compare with this one?" Zhang Guo dispelled doubts for Tang Xuanzong.
The authenticity of the records in Xuan Shi Zhi remains to be discussed, but from the story, we can know that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was the emperor who loved deer most among the ancient emperors. This hobby not only helped him to keep fit, but also made this game flow in the palace for a long time.
According to "Examination of Changsishan", the "deer tail sauce" that An Lushan presented to Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was made of deer tail.
The official banquet in Tang Dynasty fed on deer.
In the Tang Dynasty, after the provincial examination, the county magistrate specially hosted a banquet for the candidates who took the exam, and sang the poem "Luming Literature" at the banquet.
New Tang book? There is a record in the election log: "Every year at the end of winter ... I have tried it. It will be current for the chief to go to the countryside to drink alcohol. Set the guest and the host, prepare the orchestra, use less prisoners, and recite" Luming Literature "." It means "Luming Banquet".
Deer and hermits
In the Tang Dynasty, hermits wore deer scarves (hats) and claimed to be lofty.
"The Songs of Chu": "Floating clouds enter the shadow, riding a white deer to accommodate." "Confucius' Family Language": "Confucius visited Mount Tai, saw the glory period, went wild, and sang with deer fur on a rope. Mencius devoted himself to it: "Living in the mountains, living in wood and stone, and living in deer. "Deer" is associated with a leisurely life.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, deer gradually came into contact with hermits, such as Liu Ling, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest, who often rode a deer cart and carried a pot of wine, as well as literati outside the Tang Dynasty, riding a deer crane and rolling his knee piano. In Tang poetry, there are poems such as "Panther skin is spread horizontally with deer towels on the side" and "elk in the deep mountains can be neighbors", and Su Shi also has "Red Wall Fu" in Song Dynasty.
Obviously, everything that Wang Wei lives and hopes is related to deer. Deer are not only food for the stomach, but also food for the spirit.
Literal meaning
There is no one in the quiet valley, but people's voices can be heard.
The afterglow of the sunset reflected into the depths of the forest and shone on the moss in the dark.
Deep thinking
1. In the deserted deep mountain valley, it was originally an empty and cold atmosphere, but it became lively because of human voices. Wang Wei chose to live in seclusion in Wangchuan Canyon. Although it is different from my retreat in Zhongnanshan, which is crowded with dignitaries and few neighbors, it does not mean that he is the only one in this place. He also has many neighbors, such as woodcutter, washerwoman, farmer ... He lives next to these people and often observes their lives and splashes ink on their works. For him, with their business in Wangchuan, he has a different life.
Therefore, in his poem "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice", he expressed the poet's joy of staying away from officialdom, interacting with people and living in seclusion in the mountains, but someone was next door to him. With these "human words", the "empty mountain" that poets like is not indifferent and silent, but full of joy, and the "empty mountain" is more "empty", which is conducive to setting off the comfort of their pursuit of seclusion.
In the last ten years of his life, Wang Wei, who has experienced ups and downs, no longer fixed his eyes on the flashy troubled times, but preferred to be close to a simple life.
2. "The sunshine there enters a small forest and shines back on me from the moss", and the poet uses "return" and "complex", which will make readers feel suddenly enlightened.
Some people say that it is hypocritical to pursue the so-called dullness without finishing the peak of life. Then, there is absolutely no such hypocrisy in Wang Wei's life, his poems and paintings. His life experience can be described as the epitome of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was born into a noble family and became famous in his teens. Most of his friends are temporary heroes, nobles and royalty, and he has always been an official. However, his life was not smooth sailing. He lost his father when he was young and his wife when he was an adult. After becoming famous, he was demoted for unknown crimes. Although he struggled repeatedly, he never paid homage to Hou Xiang. Also captured by An Lushan, a rebel, he was appointed as a pseudo-official.
His life came to the second half, and the year of Wangchuan 14 was the dusk of his life.
In this age of knowing destiny, Wang Wei also saw through all the nothingness in the world. In the ups and downs, he still has faith-to send love to mountains and rivers and return to the beginning.
As written in the poem, although it is a sunset, it can still illuminate the "deep forest", not only on the trees, but also on the moss, the smallest existence in the vast forest. These mosses may grow on the trunk or grow underground along the trunk. These green and silky plants are more conspicuous and energetic in the sunset.
Everything is like this, no longer day and night, only growth. The same is true of the poet, who lives happily no matter what the situation is, high or low.
Even in dark and humid places, it exudes its own green color.