Leaving Jingci Temple at dawn ⑴ seeing off Lin Zifang ⑵
Yang Wanli
After all ⑶ the middle of June in West Lake
The scenery is different from that of the four seasons ⑷Same.
The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green,
The lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red.
Explanation of words
1 Jingci Temple: a famous Buddhist temple beside the West Lake in Hangzhou.
2 Lin Zifang: The author’s friend.
3After all: In the end.
4 four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
5. Different: a proverb from the Song Dynasty, special.
Modern translation of ancient poems
After all, it is the scenery of West Lake in June.
The scenery is indeed different from other seasons.
The lotus leaves are touching the sky and the sky is endless green.
The lotus flowers are exceptionally bright and bright red in the sunshine.
Appreciation
The beautiful scenery of the West Lake has always been the object of description by literati. This poem by Yang Wanli has been passed down through the ages with its unique technique and is worth savoring. "After all, the scenery of West Lake in June is different from that of the four seasons." The first sentence seems abrupt, but the actual sentence is grand. Although readers have not yet appreciated the beautiful scenery of West Lake from the poem, they can already feel it from the poet's admiring tone. This sentence seemed to blurt out. It was the most intuitive feeling after being surprised and overjoyed, which further enhanced the beauty of West Lake. Sure enough, "The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus reflecting the sun is uniquely red." The poet uses "blue" and "red" to highlight the strong visual impact of lotus leaves and lotus flowers. The lotus leaves are endless. It seems to be connected to the sky and the sky, and the atmosphere is grand. It not only depicts the boundless lotus leaves, but also renders the magnificence of the heaven and earth, and has an extremely rich sense of spatial modeling. "Reflecting the sun" and "lotus" complement each other, making the whole picture gorgeous and vivid. The whole poem is clear and concise, and what is outstanding is that it first writes feelings and then describes the actual scene, thus creating an effect of first virtuality and then reality. After reading it, I can really feel the beauty of West Lake in June that "is different from the four seasons" scenery.
About the author
Yang Wanli (1127-1206) was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Jishui, Jiangxi Province), with the courtesy name Tingxiu and the nickname Chengzhai. Shaoxing Jinshi in the 24th year. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, he became an official and served as an attendant to the prince. Guang Zongzhao was appointed secretary-supervisor. Work poetry. He is one of the "Four Great Masters of the Southern Song Dynasty". He first studied the "Jiangxi Poetry School", then studied Wang Anshi and late Tang poetry, and finally became his own family. He wrote more than 20,000 poems in his life. Can also write. There is "Chengzhai Collection".
Yang Wanli (AD 1127-1206), whose courtesy name was Tingxiu and whose nickname was Chengzhai Yike, was from Nanxi, Jishui (now Weitang Village, Huangqiao Township, Jishui County). He was an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was as famous as Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Miao, and was praised by later generations as one of the "Four Great Masters of ZTE".
On September 22, Dingwei, the first year of Jianyan (October 29, 1127 AD), Yang Wanli was born. This is a turbulent era. The Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains on a large scale and captured Bianjing in leap November of the previous year. In April of this year, they captured Huizong, Emperor Qin and Song Dynasty, and 3,000 people including the prince and relatives and went north. The Northern Song Dynasty was declared destroyed; in May, King Kang Zhaogou He ascended the throne as Emperor Gaozong and established the Southern Song Dynasty, which was based in the south of the Yangtze River. From then on, the long-term confrontation between the Song and Jin Dynasties and the weak in the south and the strong in the north began.
Yang Wanli lost his mother at the age of eight. His father, Yang Fu (AD 1096-1164), also known as Wenqing and known as Nanxi Jushi. He was proficient in the Book of Changes and often endured hunger and cold to buy books. After ten years of accumulation, he had a collection of thousands of volumes. He once pointed to the collection of books. Yang Wanli said: "It's the sage's heart that makes you angry!" (Hu Quan's "Yang Jun Wenqing Ji Zhiming") Under the influence of his father, Yang Wanli studied very diligently since he was a child, and he was well-educated and perseverant. He became his teacher under Gao Shoudao, Wang Tingcheng at the age of 17, and Liu Anshi and Liu Tingzhi at the age of 21. In the spring of the 20th year of Shaoxing (AD 1150), he went to Lin'an to take part in the rites examination and failed, but continued to study under Liu at the age of 27. Cai Shao became his teacher. A few years later, when he was appointed as Sihu in Ganzhou, his father took him to visit Zhang Jiucheng, who was living in Nan'an, and Hu Zhui, who was passing through Ganzhou, to learn about their knowledge, integrity and their support for the resistance. Jin's patriotic spirit had an important influence on Yang Wanli. In the spring of the 24th year of Shaoxing (1154 AD), Yang Wanli was awarded the title of Jinshi in the 26th year of Shaoxing (1156 AD). Hu joined the army. In October of the 29th year (AD 1159), he was transferred to Lingling County, Yongzhou. At that time, Zhang Podi, the leader of the main war faction, stayed in Yongzhou and thanked Yang Wanli behind closed doors three times. Zhang Jun asked him hard and was introduced by his son Zhang Jun before he could receive him. Zhang Jun said to him: "Noble man Yuan Fu, his waist is gold, slim and purple. Only the names of Zou Zhiwan and Chen Yingzhong can compete with the sun and the moon!" (Luo Da) At the same time, Yang Wanli encouraged him to learn "with sincerity and sincerity" from "Helin Yulu", so he named his study room "Chengzhai" to express his ambition at that time. When he lived in Hengzhou, Yang Wanli asked him to write "Cheng Zhai Ji" for Cheng Lingling. "Two divisions were obtained in one day" ("Twelve Papers of the Postscript of Zhang Wei Gong's Reply to Hu Gong Jian"), Zhang Jun and Hu. Quan, two famous patriotic ministers, were the examples that Yang Wanli followed throughout his life.
In June of the 32nd year of Shaoxing (AD 1162), Gaozong Zhao Gou abdicated, and major changes occurred in the political situation of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was determined to recover and appointed Zhang Po as the Privy Envoy, and soon appointed him as the Prime Minister. In the autumn of the first year of Longxing (1163), Yang Wanli left Lingling and was transferred to Lin'an, except for the professor of Lin'an Prefecture.
Before taking up his post, he returned to Jishui in the west of the first month of the second year due to his father's illness. On August 4th, my father died of illness and stayed at home. "For three years, the house was not closed and the house was not polite." When he arrived in Lin'an, he met with Chen Junqing, the deputy privy envoy, and Yu Yunwen, the privy envoy. "Prime Minister", "On Generals", "On Soldiers", "Control of Officials", "Selection of Laws", "Criminal Law", "Redundant Officials", "Civil Affairs" *** 30 chapters, which profoundly summarize the history of Jingkang's elusiveness He bluntly criticized the corruption and incompetence of the imperial court, and put forward a set of policies and strategies to revitalize the country, which fully demonstrated Yang Wanli's political talent. After reading it, Yu Yunwen praised: "There is such a person in the southeast! When a certain person was removed, two people were recommended together. This person should lead the way. "(Volume 4 of Part B of "Helin Yulu")
In the sixth year of Qiandao (1170 AD), Yang Wanli was appointed magistrate of Fengxin County except Longxing Prefecture. It coincided with a severe drought in Fengxin and the people's lives were very difficult. Yang Wanli took office on April 26th. He saw that the prisons were full of people who could not afford to pay taxes, but the government offices and treasury were still empty. He knew that it was due to exploitation among the officials, so he ordered that all the prisoners be released. "Prisoners" were prohibited from arresting and whipping the people, and then a notice was issued to each household to relax the tax amount and deadline. As a result, the people came to pay taxes on their own initiative, and within one month, all the tax arrears were paid in full. Half a year later, he practiced his policy of not disturbing the people for the first time and achieved great results.
In October of the same year, due to the recommendation of the Right Prime Minister Yu Yunwen, Yang Wanli removed Dr. Guozi, and the following year, Yang Wanli began to serve as the imperial palace. Because he opposed Hou Xingjin and Xi's assumption of important positions and offended Yu Yunwen, he was squeezed out of Yuanzhou. Yang Wanli resisted Zhang and urged Zhang Mo to resign. He also wrote to Yu Yunwen, advising him with justice and forgetting selfishness, which was deeply praised by the world. In the first month of the first year of Chunxi (1174), he was transferred to the post of Shaojian. He did not forget the letter and warned the emperor to avoid corrupt officials and treat honest officials. He stayed at home for three years due to illness. In the spring of the fourth year of Chunxi, he went to Changzhou. In the first month of the seventh year, Yang Wanli left Changzhou with his family and went to Guangdong in February of the eighth year. The Fujian "robber" Shen division entered Meizhou, and he led his troops to pacify it. He was praised by Xiaozong as "the brave man of benevolence" and was given the title of "Zhimi Pavilion". In July of the ninth year, his stepmother died and he left office in mourning. In October of that year (1184 AD), he was summoned to Beijing to serve as Shangshu Youlang, and later as Libu Yuanwailang. In May of the 12th year, he was expelled from Libu, and in response to the imperial edict, he wrote to the Prime Minister Wang Huai to discuss current affairs. "What is the most urgent priority?" Yang Wanli answered "Talent is the most urgent priority" and wrote in the "Recommendation of Scholars", recommending Zhu Jiao and other 60 people, all of whom were upright and upright people. The Emperor Xiaozong honored him as the Prince's Attendant. , the crown prince was given the title "Chengzhai". In the thirteenth year of Chunxi's reign, he was transferred to the Privy Council to inspect the palace. He was successively appointed as the minister of Yousi and Langzhong of the Shangshu Province, and in October of the fourteenth year, he was still the minister of the East Palace. In March of the 15th year, Xiaozong accepted the suggestion of Hanlin scholar Hong Mai and appointed Lu Yihao and others to accompany the emperor. Yang Wanli tried his best to recruit Zhang Jun, a famous general in the battle, and criticized Hong Mai for not waiting for discussion and being arbitrary. , is no different from "referring to a deer as a horse", which annoys Xiaozong: "Why is Wanli Yilian like the master?" So he cut off the Zhimi Pavilion and left Zhijuanzhou (now Gao'an, Jiangxi)
In the 16th year (1189 AD). 〉In February, Guangzong received Zen. In May, Yang Wanli was summoned to Zhimi Pavilion. In August, he went to Beijing in September. At the end of the day, he was imprisoned and loved the gentleman, and he was rewarded with "outspoken words" on the fifth day ("Third Zhazi"). In October, the secretary prison was removed. Because Shaoxi changed the Yuan Dynasty, he used the bachelor's degree in Huanzhang Pavilion to accompany the Jin Dynasty's envoy Zhengdan, and also reviewed the records of the Academy of Records. Official.
In August of the first year of Shaoxi (AD 1190), Xiaozong's "Calendar" was completed. As usual, Secretary Yang Wanli was supposed to write the preface to the "Calendar", but the Prime Minister asked someone else, Yang The hall then committed dereliction of duty and requested to resign, but Guangzong persuaded him to stay. Then because he wanted to enter Xiaozong's "Holy Government" book, the ministers regarded him as an official, but Xiaozong still missed the old evil and was very unhappy, so he left Jiangdong to transport the deputy envoy.
In the second year of Shaoxi (AD 1192), the imperial court ordered the use of iron money to recruit sons in the counties south of the Yangtze River. Yang Wanli wrote a letter to remonstrate and refused to obey the edict, which offended the prime minister, so he changed his name to Ganzhou. I didn't go, but I was relieved of my illness in August and returned to Jishui. "Like a sick crane emerging from its cage, like a rabbit escaping from its cage and throwing itself into the forest... From then on, it became quiet and isolated from the world" ("Reply to Shen Zishou Shu").
In the first year of Qingyuan of Ning Zong (AD 1195), Yang Wanli was called to Beijing, but Yang Wanli refused to go. In September, the Huanzhang Pavilion was promoted and the Xingguo Palace was promoted. In the first month of the fourth year, he was granted the title of Jishui County and founded the Kingdom, with a settlement of 500 households. In March of the fifth year, he was promoted to Baowen Pavilion and awaited the appointment of an official. In December of the sixth year, he was granted the title of Uncle Kaiguo of Jishui County. In August of the third year of Jiatai (AD 1203), he was ordered to enter Baomo Pavilion to be a bachelor and given clothes and belts; in the first month of the fourth year, he was granted the title of Marquis of Kaiguo in Luling County and added 300 households in the city. In the first year of Kaixi (1205 AD), he was summoned to Beijing and resigned; in February of the second year, he was promoted to bachelor of Baomo Pavilion.
Yang Wanli vowed not to serve as an official in his later years. It is said that he was dissatisfied with the powerful minister Han Niwei when he was in charge of the country. Han built Nanyuan and wanted to ask him to be a "recorder". He said: "You can give up the official position, but you can't keep it!" He refused firmly. Later, because Han Zhuan was too close to the sun, he quickly became ill with worry and anger.
His family knew that he was deeply worried about the country and did not dare to tell him any news about current affairs. On May 7th, the second year of Kaixi (AD 1206), a nephew of the clan came from outside and did not know how lazy he was. So he talked about Han Niwei's Northern Expedition reported in the Di newspaper. After hearing this, Yang Wanli burst into tears and sighed angrily: " A treacherous official acted rashly, and this is what happened!" He expected that Han Ni would be lucky and act rashly, which would inevitably lead to failure and harm to the country, and he could not sleep that night. On the morning of the next day, he refused to eat again. He sat in his study and wrote in handwriting: "Han Niwei's treacherous ministers monopolized the power of the Yuan Dynasty, used troops to destroy the people, and tried to endanger the society. With my head like this, I have no way to serve the country, but I can only be alone." Angry!" He wrote another fourteen words to say goodbye to his wife and children, and then passed away. He died at the age of 80. As a posthumous gift to Dr. Guanglu, Yiwen Festival was given. Yang Wanli is a passionate patriot and a sober politician. He advocated the war of resistance throughout his life and always opposed bending the knee to negotiate for peace. In the many "books", "policies" and "notes" written to the emperor, he repeatedly stated the country's ills and disadvantages and tried his best to avoid the mistake of surrender. His patriotism was beyond words. Faced with the situation of the Central Plains being lost and only half of the country remaining, he sharply pointed out: "Those who serve the world must not forget the enemy. The world's worries are greater than this!" ("Thousands of Strategies? National Power") warned the rulers The leader must always remember to prepare for the enemy, plan for the enemy, defend the enemy and win. He not only boldly criticized Xiaozong after the defeat of Fuli, "The courage of the day before turned into cowardice, and the sharpness of the day before turned into dullness" (ibid. "Jun Daozhong"), he also firmly opposed some people's rash use of troops and blind advancement, and advocated the use of The active and prudent strategy of "defending and taking" ("Book of Letters to Chen Yingqiu and Zuo Xiang") is to make steady progress, first strengthen the national strength and then try to restore it, in order to achieve final victory. He values ????and sympathizes with the people and believes that: "The people are the life of the country and the hatred of the officials." ("Thousands of Policies? Civil Affairs") tied the fate of the country to the people, and criticized the officials who would only squeeze the people's bones and marrow, which aroused The hatred, anger and resistance of the people. Therefore, he reminded Guangzong to use finances sparingly, reduce taxes, and win the hearts of the people. The plan to rejuvenate the country lies in the prosperity of the people and the prosperity of the country ("Zhuan Dui Zha Zi") Q. These all reflect Yang Wanli's profound insights and progressive thoughts.
Yang Wanli is a straightforward man with a strong personality. Xiaozong criticized him for being "straight but not upright", while Guangzong said that he "also has temperament" ("Helin Yulu" Volume A, Volume 4). He was upright and upright, spoke out when things happened, pointed out the current shortcomings, and had no scruples, so he was never of great use. In fact, throughout his life, he regarded officialdom and wealth as a waste of development and was ready to spurn it at any time. When I was in the imperial palace, I had prepared the travel expenses for my trip home from Hangzhou in advance, locked them in a box, and hid them in my bedroom. I also warned my family not to buy anything, so as not to burden my luggage when I left my job and returned home. Those who are ready to be promoted. This is in sharp contrast to those who work hard for promotion and worry about gains and losses.
Yang Wanli is an upright and honest official, does not disturb the people, and is not greedy for money or material things. When the deputy envoy for transportation to Jiangdong expired, there should be a lot of money left, but he abandoned it all in the official treasury and returned without taking a penny. I retired to my old house above Nanxi River, which only provided shelter from wind and rain. At that time, the poet Xu Ji (AD 1162-1214) praised him as "as clean as water, but poor but with gold" ("Touring Yang Chengzhai"), which is a true portrayal of his poor life.
Yang Wanli's Poetry had a great influence at that time: "Who is the leader in today's poetry world? Chengzhai's poetry rhythm is in effect." (Jiang Teli's "Thanks to Yang Chengzhai Hui Long Sentence") "Sihai Chengzhai dominates poetry." (Xiang Anshi's "Xiang Anshi") "Using rhyme to reward Pan Yang's two poems") His poetry creation has followed a path from learning widely, to learning from many teachers, to facing reality and learning from nature. He first started learning poetry from the Jiangxi Poetry School. Later, in the 32nd year of Shaoxing, he burned himself in Lingling and wrote more than a thousand poems in his spare time. He was determined to break away from the stereotypes of the Jiangxi Poetry School, and his poetry style changed. Later, he learned Chen Shidao's five-character rhyme, and Wang Anshi's seven-character quatrains. Learn the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty; when "Wuxu...composed poetry, I suddenly had an enlightenment, so I thanked the Tang people and the gentlemen of Wang, Chen, and Jiangxi for not daring to learn it, and then I was delighted with it." From then on, "everything came to an end, and I dedicated it to poetry materials "The former has not been done but the latter has been forced, and Huanran has not realized the difficulty of writing poetry" ("Jingxi Collection Preface"). Yang Wanli learned extensively from his predecessors, but he was never fixed by his predecessors, but determined to surpass them. He said: "How could I know that there are predecessors in my writings." (Mai Shi Guest Returns at Night) also said: "The sect spreads the line and sends me to replace the shame. The writers each have their own style, and Huang (Tingjian) and Chen (Shi Dao) rest under the fence. , Tao (Yuanming) and Xie (Lingyun) came forward even more before leaving." ("Postscript to Xu Gongzhong's Poetry of the Qian Dynasty") It is with this pioneering and innovative spirit that he is unwilling to follow others and follow others' footsteps, and finally " He lost all his fur and came up with his own expression" (Lv Liuliang, Wu Zhizhen and Wu Zimu's "Song Poetry Notes? Chengzhai Poetry Notes"). He did not go all the way and became his own style, forming a unique poetic style and creating his "Chengzhai Style" , unique in the history of poetry, and established his own school of poetry
Yang Wanli's poetry works are eclectic and full of variety, including the vigorousness of "Gui Qianjun, Inverted Three Gorges, Chuan Tianxin, and Penetrating Moon Grottoes". His "Chengzhai style" poems have the power of "moving into objects and describing people's feelings, describing them in detail and making the music as wonderful as possible" (Zhou Bida's "Postscript to Yang Tingxiu Shirenfeng"). , has the distinctive characteristics of novelty, novelty, liveliness, fastness, fun and humor, "flowing round and beautiful" (Liu Kezhuang's "Small Preface to Jiangxi Poetry School? General Preface"), "lively and piercing the bottom" (Liu Qi's "Gui Qianzhi" Vol. 8), which is especially praised by people. For example, "Rising from a nap in early summer": "The plums leave my teeth sore, and the plantains are divided into green and window screens. I wake up with ruthless thoughts after a long sleep, and I am leisurely watching children catching willow flowers." It is written with deep emotion and grace. He is known as "breasted and open-minded" (Jiabiaan Volume 4 of "Helin Yulu").
Another example is "The Play", "The Feng Bo", "Looking at Jinhua Mountain from the Beach of Hengshan Mountain", "Playing with the Moon on a Summer Night", etc., all of which are written with wit, thoughtfulness and strong artistic appeal. . Yang Wanli paid great attention to the advantages of learning folk songs, and absorbed a large number of vivid and fresh spoken poems, often "false proverbs, blurred out" (Jiang Hongxiang's "Hantang Poetry"), thus forming a popular, natural and lively language feature.
Yang Wanli was a patriotic scholar. He cared about the fate of the country throughout his life and left a large number of poems expressing his patriotism and worries about the times. Especially when he served as the accompanying envoy of the Jin Kingdom to welcome the Zhengdan Envoy, he traveled between the Jiang and Huaihe Rivers to welcome and see off the Jin Dynasty. The grief and indignation are the most concentrated and intense expression in patriotic poetry creation. For example, the famous "Four Quatrains for Beginners on the Huaihe River": "The boat leaves the sand on the bank of the Hongze River, and people are not happy when they arrive at the Huaihe River. Why is Sanggan just far away? To the north of the middle stream is the end of the world! (Part 1)" "The boats on both sides of the bank go in opposite directions. , it is also difficult to negotiate with the ripples. Only the gulls and warblers are left unchecked, flying from north to south" (Part 3) sings the overwhelming sympathy of the patriots and the people in the severe disaster. Another example is seeing Jinshan. When Tunhai Pavilion had become a place dedicated to cooking tea for the Jin envoys, he cried out in pain: "The people at the end of the river are ashamed! The people at the end of the Jinshan Mountain are sad!" ("Climbing the Jinshan Mountain at Dawn in Snow and Mist") whipped up the Southern Song Dynasty and extended the dynasty. In addition, such as "Inscription on the First Mountain in the Southeast of the Feijun", "Reading the Edict of Sin", "Elegy of the Former Young Master Zhang Wei Gong", "Elegy of Yu ZE Xiang", "Tomb of Qin Taishi in Sumu Niuting". "An" and so on, some express the thoughts of family and country, or call for the restoration of the Anti-Japanese War, or praise the generals who resisted the Jin Dynasty, or satirize the traitors and traitors, they are all famous poems that directly express patriotic thoughts.
Most of Yang Wanli's patriotic thoughts. The poems about times of worry are not as unrestrained and explicit as Lu You's. Instead, they suppress the overwhelming waves in the chest and condense the thousands of layers of molten underground. Most of them are written in a deep, angry and subtle way, such as "Crossing the Yangtze River": "Carrying a Bottle." "Drawing water from the river, you must try the first skill of making tea." On the surface, it seems to be the elegance of drawing water to make tea by yourself, but it actually contains deep and painful emotions and shame, which must be understood with reference to "Climbing the Golden Mountain at Dawn in Snow and Mist". Yang Wanli said it himself. He once said: "Who said that eating in the moonlight will lead to the main heart when you are worried." ("Inscribed on Liu Gaoshi's Looking at the Clouds") Many of his lyrical works about rivers, winds, mountains and moons are also poems expressing patriotic feelings, such as "Liu Gaoshi Looks at the Clouds". "Two poems about the river in Yuzhang", "On the night of the 15th day of the ninth lunar month, take a closer look at the beauty of the north and the lack of the south of the Gui school. I have not picked it out by the ancients, so I wrote two quatrains", "Quelles about drinking fruit under the moon", "The moon at the beginning of the pill", etc. They are all written with many twists and turns, full of meaning, and contain deep anger towards the ruined country and the unrecovered Central Plains. In his later years, he said sadly in his "Night Reading Poems": "Two windows and two horizontal scrolls, one reading and one touching the lapel." "Only the third watch of the moon will tell me the eternal heart." The profound meaning contained in his poem is worthy of careful consideration by future generations.
"If my ten fingers are not stained with mud, I will be proud of my clothes?" ( "Late Spring Journey to Tiannanyuan") Yang Wanli did not regard himself as a scholar-bureaucrat. He loved the countryside and sympathized with farmers throughout his life. He also wrote many poems that reflected the lives of farmers, such as "Compassion for Farmers", "Farmer's Sigh", "Autumn Rain Sigh" and "Sentiment for Drought". "Crossing the Baisha Bamboo School Song" and other poems describe the hardships and hardships of farm life; "1: Songs and Dances of the Four Seasons" and "Planting Yangko" describe the hardships and joy of farmers' labor; "Xing" and so on wrote about the joy and hope for good weather, living and working in peace and contentment, which are of high ideological and artistic quality.
Yang Wanli was knowledgeable, talented, extremely diligent in writing, and wrote a lot in his life. There are more than 20,000 poems, and there are more than 4,200 extant poems. There are also many excellent prose works. There are 133 volumes of poems and essays in the "Chengzhai Collection", which was compiled by his eldest son Yang Changjue in the first year of Jiading (1208 AD). Yang Changru. (A.D. 1157-1236), given the courtesy name Bozi, nicknamed Dongshan, and later nicknamed Nongpu Laoren. He served as an official in Fujian Province and as a bachelor of Fuwen Pavilion.