Who is more famous, Li Shimin or Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty? Who has the greatest merits and demerits? Pray for the great gods.

Liu Che (BC 157 ~ 87), a native of Chang 'an, was born in Herry Liu. He was the fifth emperor of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the tenth son of Emperor Wu Liu Qi, the grandson of Emperor Wu Liu Heng and the great-grandson of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. His mother is Queen Wang Hui. At the age of 7, he was made a prince, and 16 was enthroned. During his 54 years in office, he established one of the most brilliant achievements of the Western Han Dynasty. The Law of the Dead says that "the mighty are strong, the moral is strong, and the martial arts are strong", that is to say, the mighty, the strong, the wise, and the benevolent are martial arts. His great talent and literary skills made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time, and he became the great emperor in the history of China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty founded the title of the year, which was also the first emperor in China to use it. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, he continued the policy of preserving health and helping the people pursued by his father before his death, further weakening the power of the vassal, and promulgated the decree of feudal lords proposed by Minister Zhu, which promoted the enfeoffment of the vassal by the legal system and forced the vassal's fief to shrink itself. At the same time, he introduced the secretariat rank to supervise the local government. Militarily and economically, centralization has been strengthened, and private businesses such as iron smelting, salt making and wine making are organized and managed by the central government. At the same time, it is forbidden for vassal States to cast money, so that financial power is concentrated in the central government. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", paving the way for the special position of Confucianism in ancient China. But in fact, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was never a lack of the concept of the rule of law. At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also used laws and regulations to consolidate the authority of the government and show the status of imperial power. Therefore, sinologists believe that this should be a system with law as the mainstay and Confucianism as the supplement, introducing Confucianism to ordinary people to show the leniency of the government, and at the same time imposing severe criminal laws on ministers within the government. However, advocating Confucianism does not mean abandoning the law, which was still the ultimate ruling method in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The castration of Ji An and Sima Qian, who were actively used at that time, is a famous example. The Spring Festival began in the early days when the calendar changed. In the past, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed his new moon and clothes. Looking back on Hanwu, Jin Ge's iron horse attacked from all sides and raised my national prestige. Huo Qubing and Wei Qing are so arrogant that the enemy is terrified. Three large-scale attacks on Huns, sealing the wolf in a professional position and returning home in triumph. Zhang Qian hollowed out the Western Regions, which initiated the communication between China and the West. Since then, the western regions have become the meeting place of several major civilizations, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has been called the "crown of hundreds of kings". Qin Huang opened the feudal system in 15, but it collapsed and the great cause was half finished. Liu bang laid the foundation of the country, worked hard for Liu's country for generations, cut off the king of different surnames, and turned to hegemony as the imperial industry. Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty initiated "Cultural Governance". As for Hu Hai, Ziying, Huidi and Lv Hou, they have no time and energy to accomplish such a great cause. The heavy responsibility of history has historically fallen on Liu Che. The 70-year-old Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the 54-year-old Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty are worthy of his ancestors and the Chinese nation. It was he who laid the foundation for the rise and fall of the great man, prospering in Sri Lanka and declining in Sri Lanka. In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created several firsts: first, he respected Confucianism alone; Following Dong Zhongshu's advice, he "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", which created the orthodoxy of China's traditional mainstream culture, ruled the traditional cultural stage in China for more than 2,000 years, and was highly praised by the rulers of past dynasties. What I want to explain here is that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not restrict the development of other schools, which led to the development of Confucianism and the vigorous promotion of the combination of Confucianism and law. For example, Xiahou Shichang studied Confucianism and was familiar with Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The prime minister also ruled Confucianism and Legalism; Zhufuyan started as a strategist; Sima Qian, a loyal Ji 'an Sima Tan, started from the theory of Huang Lao. Second, establish China and North Korea to contain foreign countries; During the reign of Huiwenjing, the prime minister treated each other with courtesy, and Emperor Wu was at odds with the prime minister. In order to carry out their own orders, China and Korea were established, and Shangshutai also appeared during this period. 3. Establish the year number; The year number used by the first emperor in China history. 1 13 BC, Liang Wudi took that year as Ding Yuan for four years, and later changed it to Jianyuan Yuanguang Yuanshuo as founding ceremony, with the year number of six years each. Change the calendar at the beginning of the fourth year; In the first year of Taichu (before 104), taichu calendar was changed, with the first month as the beginning of the year, and the color was yellow. Wuyan Tieguanying; The salt and iron official camp has continued since the Han Dynasty. Today, salt and iron tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises. Western Liu Tong; China spread technologies such as smelting iron, sinking wells, and weaving lacquerware, and the West (domain) introduced cucurbits, carrots, grapes, blood horses and other historic expansion territories. Northwest China: Huo Qubing, Wei Qing, Li Guangli, Zhang Qian, Western Army and others made unremitting efforts, and the Western Region was incorporated into Chinese territory for the first time; Southwest China: The emergence of emissary troops one after another belongs to the first time that the southwest frontier was merged into the north of China. The attacks by Wei Qing and Huo Qubing have stabilized northern Xinjiang for a long time and protected the stability of the capital. At the beginning of Emperor Wu's accession to the throne, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable and the national economic situation was quite good. On the other hand, the separatist factors of vassal States still exist, and the potential threat is not small. Therefore, while continuing to implement the policy of Emperor Jing, he took a series of measures to strengthen the centralization of absolutism. Politics: In politics, Zhu's suggestion was adopted and the "Enzhi" was promulgated, which weakened the power of enfeoffment of vassal states in the early Han Dynasty and strengthened the supervision system. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also made some innovations in ancient times, including the right to receive photos, the establishment of secretariat and other major reforms and innovations, and established a systematic and complete political system that embodied the principle of Legalists "ruling the country by law and not avoiding relatives and friends". This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of China's imperial system in the next two thousand years. Military and foreign friendship: militarily, it is mainly to concentrate military forces and enrich the central military forces; Reform the military system. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns, which made the northern border counties stable, and Zhang Qian was sent to the western regions, which opened up the northwest frontier: it opened up the land-granting channel economy between the Western Han Dynasty and the western regions and even Central Asia; On the economic front, the financial sector was reorganized, "liquidation" and "warning" orders were issued, and a merchant asset tax was levied to crack down on wealthy businessman dajia; Sang Hongyang suggested that smelting iron and boiling salt should be returned to the official camp, and it is forbidden to cast money in counties and counties; The establishment of leveling officials and loss-sharing officials, as well as the government's management of transportation and trade, have greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. At the same time, building water conservancy projects, emigrating to the northwest and implementing the "land substitution law" are conducive to the development of agricultural production. Another important measure in the economy was to unify the currency at that time. Thought: Ideologically, Dong Zhongshu's suggestion was adopted, and Confucianism became the dominant thought in China society, vigorously promoted Confucianism, and established imperial academy in Chang 'an. Confucianism became the orthodox thought of China's feudal rule, which lasted for more than two thousand years and had a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations. Personnel: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the development of talents. He established an inspection and evaluation system, which is the origin of China's systematic talent selection system and has a great influence on later generations. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conducted the first population statistics in human history. Significance: The Western Han Dynasty entered its heyday, which was also the first heyday of China's feudal era. Emperor Taizong 1 employed people in an eclectic way, and the use and leadership of talents reached a very high level; He has a unique eye, saw the lack of personal strength, fully realized that only a king is like a stone and a good minister is like a craftsman can produce beautiful jade, and humbly adopted the minister's progressive words; A political management system of separation of powers and mutual supervision has been initially established, stipulating that laws and decrees, including their own (parts that affect national policies), must be examined and countersigned by provincial organs before they can take effect and be issued, thus ensuring the feasibility, timely discovery and correction of policies. Put an end to the harm and influence of bad policies on the country and people; Recognizing the legal and political policy that human life is paramount, it is stipulated that the death penalty can only be executed after three repetitions (five repetitions elsewhere). It is not difficult to recognize that only 29 people were sentenced to death in the fourth year of Zhenguan (630) and 290 people were sentenced to death in the sixth year of Zhenguan (632). Emperor Taizong sized up the situation and ordered all 290 people to go home for the New Year and come back for retrial after the autumn harvest next year. As a result, 290 people were sentenced to death. The martial arts prosperity of Tang Taizong Dynasty achieved brilliant victories (Turkic, Tuguhun, Gaochang, Anxi, Mobei Snow featherleaf rodgersflower, etc.) except for the strategic victory in the Korean War. ), which is inseparable from the national strength at that time, the overall strategy of the army, the tacit understanding of employing people, the coordination of processes and other important factors. Therefore, Zhenguan Dynasty occupies a considerable proportion among the famous soldiers in the history of China, and it is in China. 6 Swallow the world's "Tiankhan" temperament, so that Li Shimin repeatedly scared twice the result with half the effort. The classic battle was to scare off the Turks' 65438+ Wanjing Ride in Weishui. Far from Song Zhenzong's insistence and demands in Kou Zhun, he barely reached the south of Ai City under the escort of the army, but he had to go back trembling! Focusing on the overall situation, Tang Taizong's domestic and foreign policies achieved brilliant victory. As long as people all over the world know that China's efforts are attached to it, they are proud of Tang Dynasty and happy to be at ease. They can not only live as freely as Tang people, but also be an official. Ashina Seymour, Gao Xianzhi and Li Guangbi, famous generals of ethnic minorities, made outstanding contributions to the Tang Dynasty. Improve the imperial examination system, vigorously set up schools, attach importance to educational activities, and popularize the election of officials. At that time, there were many schools all over the country, so it was not difficult to remember the education at that time. At the same time, the imperial examination was standardized and fair, with Jinshi as the most prominent. Only then did Emperor Taizong see the new Jinshi filed out and happily said, "The hero of the world, he saved the country with me", which was the education of the Tang Dynasty. 9. Calligraphy and rich characters, Tang Taizong's personal accomplishment and talent are extremely high, and his calligraphy characters are also quite famous. With his vigorous promotion and encouragement, calligraphy, literature and art flourished in the Tang Dynasty. 10 advocates clean government, frugality and simplicity, and attaches importance to farmland water conservancy. Emperor Taizong's dynasty was quite successful in building a clean government. Instead of severely punishing corrupt officials like Zhu Yuanzhang, he established a clean and law-abiding central leading collective and attached importance to the election of local governors. At that time, many court ministers were poor, including Wen Yanbo, Dai Zhou, Yu Zhining and Zhang. Emperor Taizong also paid more attention to thrift, did not abuse people's power, and paid attention to sharing interests with the people. At that time, the society formed a simple and realistic style; Emperor Taizong also attached great importance to agriculture. Emperor Taizong visited Beijing outside Beijing and asked about it first. Because the coronation ceremony of the prince violated the farming season, it was changed. 1 1 Due to social stability and the development of commercial economy, many commercial cities have mushroomed all over the country, and urban industries have also made great progress. Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Chengdu, Jiangling and Liangzhou have developed rapidly. Chang 'an and Luoyang are self-evident as world economic metropolises, which laid a solid foundation for the feudal economy to reach the top. 12 supported Xuanzang's Buddhism and affirmed his westward journey, which opened up and maintained the Hexi Corridor-Silk Road, linked Silla and Japan to the East, and promoted cultural exchanges and economic development between China and the West. Princess Wencheng married Tubo, which made Tubo enter feudal society from slave society and developed and promoted the development of Tibet. To sum up, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was a great statesman, strategist, writer, calligrapher, outstanding leader and an outstanding figure who influenced China and the world. He has made outstanding contributions to the Chinese nation and people, leaving behind brilliant achievements and spiritual wealth, so he is revered by people. As Mr Zhu Dongyang said, "He is one of the greatest people in China after Confucius".