Yunyang went to war, and merchants on both sides of the strait were spared.
Black cattle rest on the moon, why bother tugboat!
Turbid water can't be drunk, and the pot pulp is half turned into soil.
Tears welled up in my heart when I sang "The Lonely Song".
Ten thousand people cut stones, but they can't reach the river.
You look at Shi Mang, and you hide your tears and grieve for the ages.
Appreciation of the ancient poem Ding Duhu
Ding Duhu is an old topic of Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties, which belongs to Shangqingwu Qusheng Pavilion. According to the Records of Song Le Shu, Xu Kui, the son-in-law of the Southern Song Dynasty, was killed by someone, and Ding Yun, the direct supervisor of the government, handled the funeral. After Ding came back, Xu's wife (the eldest daughter of Emperor Wu of Song) asked him about his funeral. Every time she asked, she sighed "Hu" with sadness in her voice. Later generations wrote a song named "Hu" because of her singing voice. Li Bai's poem borrowed the old topic and made a new one, which profoundly described the miserable life of the tugboat tracker.
The first two sentences explain the location and events, and set a specific environment to make the sufferings of the trackers behind live in this rich land where merchants gather, forming a sharp contrast between the rich and the poor. At the same time, the "Zheng" pointed out that it was sailing against the current, which was in line with the following statement "Why tug". "Five cows" are buffaloes between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. "This cow is afraid of heat, and it is suspected that it is the sun when it sees the moon, so it breathes when it sees the moon" (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yu Yan). Here, the author uses allusions to make the season-midsummer season, which highlights the "bitterness" of tugboats. Adding "righteousness and harmony" before "suffering" enhances the meaning of exclamation, indicating that suffering is extreme: it is bitter for people to pull a boat, let alone sail against the current. What's more, it's a scorching summer? Because it is midsummer, it doesn't rain for a long time, and the river becomes shallow, so it is difficult for tugboats to move forward. The tracker must be sweating and thirsty. At this moment, what they need most is a glass of water to quench their thirst. But "the water is turbid and you can't drink it, and the pot pulp is half turned into soil." There is no water to drink when you are in urgent need of quenching your thirst, and you should pull hard when you are thirsty. How miserable the tug is! "Every time I sing a song, my heart will burst into tears." With a sad life and a sad tone, you can imagine the sadness of the tracker.
"Ten thousand people cut stones, and reach the river for no reason", from the perspective of quarrying, further depicts the tracker's despair. "10,000 people" means that there are many people, and more people will adopt more stones. With more stones, it is difficult to reach the river, which is impossible and must be achieved. This is the tragic fate of the tracker. Who can not shed tears of sympathy for this? "You look at Shi Mang, but you hide your tears and feel sad forever", which is not only the author's heavy sigh, but also the tracker's desperate cry: Look! Such huge and numerous stones piled up like mountains. "If the ages are endless, the people of the ages will be tired, and those who care will not look sad!" (The Complete Works of Li Taibai edited by Wang Qi)
The style of the whole poem is heavy, and in the objective description of real life, narrative and lyric are integrated into one, which goes deep at different levels. "Putting pen to paper is painful and far-reaching, and this poem of Li is close to Du Fu" ("Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties"). .