Selected from Compilation of Southern accent and Northern tune (Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 4, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 version). It was first published in the sixth issue of Modern Volume II, April 1933. During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, the Kuomintang government cooperated with the counter-revolutionary military "encirclement and suppression" and frantically carried out counter-revolutionary cultural "encirclement and suppression". On the one hand, they used reactionary literati to fight against the revolutionary literature movement, on the other hand, they arrested, imprisoned and secretly killed revolutionary writers. 193 1 year 1 month 17 and Rou Shi were arrested. On February 7th of the same year, garrison headquarters, the secret service of the Kuomintang government in Longhua, Shanghai, was secretly shot. Lu Xun published articles such as "China proletarian revolutionary literature and the blood of its predecessors" and "The present situation of literary and art circles in dark China", which profoundly exposed the crimes of Kuomintang reactionaries. 1933 February 7-8, the second anniversary of the death of martyrs, Lu Xun wrote this commemorative article again.
one
I have long wanted to write some words in memory of several young writers. This is nothing else, because in the past two years, grief and indignation have been attacking my heart and never stopped. I really want to think of this as my body shrugging up. With a shrug, I can get rid of my sadness and relax myself. Frankly speaking, I will forget them.
At this time two years ago, that is, on the night of February 7th or the morning of February 8th, 1931, there were five young writers [five young writers], referring to the five party member writers Bai Mang, Rou Shi, Feng Keng, Li Weisen and Hu Yepin mentioned in this article. Baimang (1909— 193 1), alias Yin Fu, was originally named Xu Baiting, and was born in Xiangshan, Zhejiang. Rou Shi (1902— 193 1), formerly known as Zhao Pingfu, was born in Ninghai, Zhejiang. Feng Keng (1907— 193 1), also known as Ling Mei, chaozhou people, Guangdong. Li Weisen (1903— 193 1), born in Wuchang, Hubei. Hu Yepin (1903— 193 1) was also killed. At that time, Shanghai newspapers were afraid to publish this story, or they were unwilling or disdainful to publish it, and only published it in the comprehensive literary weekly "Literary News". 193 1 was founded in Shanghai and published in 60 issues. June 20 1932, closed. There are some vague articles (some vague articles). The news of the arrest and murder of five "left-wing writers" was first disclosed in the third issue of Literature and Art News (19366) by readers asking the editors about the whereabouts of the five writers. The eleventh issue (May 25th) has an article about Lin Mang [Lin Mang], namely Lou Shiyi, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, a writer and translator. "Left-wing" member "Mr. Bai Mang's impression", said in the middle:
"He wrote many poems and translated the Hungarian poet Peter Fei [Peter Fei (1823- 1849)] and the famous Hungarian patriotic poet petofi. He wrote many excellent poems and took an active part in political activities against absolutism. 1849, he sacrificed several poems in the war to defend the motherland and resist the aggression of Austria and Russia. At that time, Lu Xun, the editor-in-chief of a progressive literature monthly edited by Lu Xun and Yu Dafu, received his manuscript fee and wrote to see him, but he didn't want to see celebrities. As a result, Lu Xun personally came to see him and tried his best to encourage him to study composition, but soon he was arrested again. ……"
What we say here is actually not true. Bai Mang is not so arrogant. He came to my apartment once, but not because I asked to see him. I'm not that slow. For a complete contributor, I will write to him rashly. The reason why we met is very common. At that time, he voted for the German translation of Peter Feizhuan, so I wrote to ask for the original text, right in front of a collection of poems. It's inconvenient to post, so he delivered it himself. Looks like a young man in his twenties with a straight face. The color here refers to the face. Yan, face. It's getting dark. I have forgotten the conversation at that time. I only remember that he said his surname was Xu and he was from Xiangshan. I asked him why the name of the lady who received your email was so strange (how strange, I forgot now), and he said that she liked getting up so strangely. Romantic transliteration in English is also translated as "romance". There is a sense of fantasy and freshness here, and there are also some places that are not quite right with her. That's all that's left
In the evening, I roughly checked the translation with the original, knowing that there was a deliberate song translation besides several mistranslations. It seems that he disliked the word "national poet" and changed it to "people's poet". The next day, I received another letter from him, saying that he regretted meeting me. He said a lot, I said very little, and it was cold, as if I had been threatened. I wrote a letter to explain that it is human nature not to talk much when we first met, and told him not to change the original text according to his own likes and dislikes. Because his original works were left with me, I gave him two poems I had hidden and asked him if he could translate some more poems for readers' reference. Sure enough, he translated some songs and brought them with him. We talked more than the first time. This biography and poem were later published in the fifth and final volume of the second volume of Running.
When we met for the third time, I remember someone knocking at the door on a hot day. I went to open the door. It was Bai Mang, but he was wearing a thick cotton robe and sweating profusely. We both couldn't help laughing. Only then did he tell me that he was a revolutionary and had just been released. All his clothes and books were confiscated, even the two I gave him. My nightgown is borrowed from a friend, so I have to wear a long skirt instead of a blouse, so I have to sweat like this. I think it was about this time that Mr Lin Mang said he was "caught again".
I was glad that he was released, so I quickly paid the manuscript fee so that he could buy a blouse, but at the same time I felt sorry for my two books: these two books were in the hands of the police station set up by the imperialist countries in the concession at that time, which really cast a shadow over the pearl. The metaphor here is that good things fall into the wrong hands. These two books, originally ordinary, are an essay and a collection of poems. According to the German translator, he collected them. Although there are no such complete books in Hungary, they were printed in Universal Library1867 in Lackland. But now I am a treasure, because it was thirty years ago, when I loved Peter Fei, that I bought it from Germany by Maruyama Bookstore, a bookstore selling western books in Tokyo, Japan. At that time, I was afraid that because the books were particularly cheap, the clerk refused to handle them, and I was very nervous when I opened my mouth. Here is the meaning of worry. Later, I probably took it with me, and my mood changed with the change of things, which didn't mean translation. This time, I decided to give it to young people who love Peter Fei's poems, just as I did at that time, which was a good landing for it. So seriously, Rou Shi personally sent it. Who would have expected that it would fall into the "three-headed" [three-headed] inspection of the Shanghai Concession at that time. Because the sleeves of their uniforms are decorated with three inverted "human" signs, called "three heads", which means disgust and contempt, isn't it wrong?
④⑤。 ⑥⑦。
⑧ 【 Taiwan Province Ninghai (tāi) 】 Ninghai belonged to Taizhou Prefecture in Qing Dynasty, and the author used to call it "Taizhou Ninghai". Pet-name ruby [Fang Xiaoru (1357— 1402)] is from Ninghai, Zhejiang. Ming Huidi Zhu Jun (Wen) is an academician lecturer and doctor of literature. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (1402), Hui Di's uncle Rebecca Judy rose up, captured Nanjing, established himself as emperor (Yongle Emperor), and ordered Fang Xiaoru to draft an imperial edict. He refused to accept it, was killed and was killed by ten families.
Attending [agree] here means agree. Chaohua Society, also known as Chaohua Society, is a new literary society initiated and led by Lu Xun. 1928 1 1 was established in Shanghai on 10, with Rou Shi and Xu Guangping as the main members. He has published "Chaohua Xunkan" and printed "Chaoyuan Chaohua".
[Shao Jie] said.
two
I never invite contributors to meet. Actually, it's not entirely out of modesty, which contains the element of saving trouble. Quite a few. Due to historical experience, I know that nine out of ten young people, especially young artists, feel very sensitive and have strong self-esteem. If they are not careful, they are easily misunderstood, so they often deliberately avoid it. I still dare not meet, let alone entrust. But when I was in Shanghai, I was also the only one who not only dared to talk and laugh casually, but also dared to ask him to do something private. That's Rou Shi, who sent books to Bai Mang.
Rou Shi and I met for the first time. I don't know when and where. I'm writing now. He seems to have said that he had attended my lecture in Beijing, so that was before 1989. I also forgot how to get along in Shanghai. Anyway, he lived in Jingyun, only four or five facades away from my apartment. Somehow, he gets along well. About the first time, he told me his last name was Zhao. But he once talked about the arrogance of the gentry in his hometown, saying that a gentleman thought his name was good and wanted to give it to his son and told him not to use it. Therefore, I suspect that his real name is "Pingfu", which is a smooth blessing, just to the squire's liking, but he may not be so enthusiastic about the word "Fu". His hometown is Ninghai, Taizhou. I can tell by his Taizhou-style car-scrapping, and he is quite pedantic. Sometimes it reminds me of Fang Xiaoru and makes me feel this way.
He hid in his apartment, engaged in literature and created translations. We chatted for many days and hit it off very well, so we agreed on several other young people and set up the Chaohua Society. The purpose is to introduce literature from Eastern Europe and Northern Europe and foreign prints. Because we all think that we should foster a little vigorous and simple literature and art, we printed Morning Flower Xunkan, Short Stories of the Modern World and Art Garden for China. All along this line, only one of them, Selected Paintings of Gu Honger, was printed in order to sweep the "artists" to the beach. But Rou Shi had no money, so he borrowed more than 200 yuan for printing. Apart from buying paper, he did most of the manuscripts and chores, such as running the printing bureau and proofreading drawings. But often
Unhappy, frowning when you say it. Looking at his old work, it is full of pessimism, but it is not. He believes that people are kind. I sometimes talk about how people cheat, how to sell friends and how to suck blood. His forehead was shining, and his nearsighted eyes were wide open in disbelief. He protested, "Will this happen?" -Not this? ……"
However, Chaohua Society closed down soon, and I don't want to explain why. In short, this is the ideal portrait of Rou Shi. He hit a big nail first, but his strength is albino. In addition, he has to borrow 100 yuan.
To pay the paper bill. Later, his doubts about what I said about "people are afraid of danger" decreased, and sometimes he lamented, "Is this really the case? ..... "However, he still believes that people are good.
So he sent the leftover books due to Chaohua Club to tomorrow bookstore and Guanghua bookstore, hoping to get back a few pence, and at the same time tried his best to translate the books and prepare to repay the loan, that is, sell them.
⑧ The Collection of Danish Short Stories by the Commercial Press and Gorich's novel The Career of Altaymonov. But I think these translations may have been burned by soldiers last year.
His pedantry gradually changed, and he finally dared to walk with his female fellow villagers or friends, but the distance was at least three or four feet. This method is very bad. Sometimes I meet him on the road.
As long as there is a beautiful young woman around three or four feet apart, I will suspect that it is his friend. But when he walked with me, he approached me and simply hugged me.
For fear of being killed by a car or tram; My side is also worried about his myopia and taking care of others. Everyone was in a panic and worried all the way. I wouldn't be with him unless I had to.
I really saw him struggling when he went out, so I was struggling myself.
No matter from the old morality or the new morality, as long as it is unfavorable to others, he will choose and carry it by himself.
He finally decided to change it. On one occasion, he explicitly told me to change the content and form of the work from now on. I said, I'm afraid it's difficult. For example, if you let a man who is used to using a knife play with a stick this time, why not?
Can you do that? He simply replied: just learn!
What he said is not empty talk, but he is really relearning. He once brought a friend to visit me at that time, that is, Ms. Feng Keng. After talking for a few days, I finally became estranged from her, and I doubted her.
A little romantic, eager to do things; I also suspect that Rou Shi's recent novels, most of which are about to be written, are all based on her ideas. But I doubt myself, maybe it's Rou Shi.
My firm answer before hit the scar of my lazy thoughts, so I unconsciously took it out on her. -I'm actually no more nervous than I was afraid to see.
Self-respecting young artists are brilliant.
Her constitution is weak and she is not beautiful.
[Printmaking] Woodcarving, stone carving, bronze carving, etc. (2) ["Art Garden Chaohua"] Art series published by Chaohua Society, edited by Lu Xun and Rou Shi. 1929
By 1930, five collections of foreign art works, such as Selected Works of Modern Woodcut and Selected Paintings of Gu Honger, had been published. (3) [Selected Paintings by Gu Honger] A brief introduction to the selected works of Lu Xun. The Introduction was later collected.
In "Chi Chi". Gu Honger, a modern Japanese painter, is famous for his illustrations.
(4) [Shanghai Beach] is a title for Shanghai, implying dissatisfaction with Shanghai's vulgar and snobbish social life. ⑤ Ye Lingfeng was a vulgar and boring scholar at that time. There was a time.
Publications and literary books often imitate or even copy Gu Honger's works by designing covers or making illustrations. ⑥ [Hua (hu ā)] is the same as "Hua", and the cost is the same. 7 ["People are afraid of danger"] "People are afraid of danger.
"Is it history? Da Mo Yu's words mean that people's hearts are sinister and elusive. Here refers to the despicable qualities of the exploiting class and its royal literati, such as cheating, selling friends and sucking blood. Today [Danish Short Stories]
Shuo Ji, translated by Andersen and other writers Rou Shi 1 1, was once listed as the fourth in the Nordic literature and art series of Chaohua Society. April 1929 advertised, but it was not published. 65438+March 0937
Six articles translated by Dan Qiu were supplemented and published by the Commercial Press. Pet-name ruby [Gorky] is now translated as Gorky. Attending [fire] refers to193265438+1October 28th when Japanese imperialism occupied Zhabei, Shanghai. Shang Dynasty
The publishing house was bombed, so Lu Xun speculated that these translations were burned.
[Eager to succeed] Eager to succeed.
(2) ["pioneer"] "leftist" literary publications. (3)[ China, an American journalist.
Travel Notes] Lu Xun193115 Diary: Les in China was presented to Baimang by Strong. Strong is an American journalist Anna? Louis? Strong is "Rice of China"
China's travels.
three
It was not until the establishment of the Left-wing Writers' Union that I realized that the Bai Mang I knew was Yin Fu who wrote poems for pioneers. At a meeting, I brought a German translation, One America.
"Travel Notes of China Journalists" (3) was given to him, just thinking that he could practice German, and it didn't mean anything. However, he didn't come. I have to entrust Rou Shi again.
But not long after, they were arrested together, and my book was confiscated and fell into the hands of people like "three heads"
(4)[ Journal] means "thread". ⑤ [Royalty] One way for a publishing agency to pay a translator is to pay a fee according to the percentage of book printing and pricing. ⑥
[Yue Quanchuan] ... [Zi] Qing Qiancai's "Yue Quanchuan" said that there was a monk in Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang who opposed it. When Qin Gui sent officer Li He to arrest him, he was giving it to Da.
When family members give lectures, they read a poem (lyrics in Buddhist scriptures) when they meet officers and sit down (sitting cross-legged, dying). There are two sentences in this poem: "Li He is from the East, and I am going to the West". The west is a Buddha.
What economists call "western paradise" is usually called "western paradise"
four
Tomorrow, the bookstore will publish a periodical ④ and ask Rou Shi to be an editor. He agreed. The bookstore also wants to print my translation and ask him about royalties. I copied the contract I made with Beixin Bookstore.
He gave him a copy, stuffed it into his pocket and left in a hurry. It was the night of 193 1 year 1 month 16, but it was the last time I saw him, and it was me.
Our eternal formula.
The next day, he was arrested at a meeting place, and my book printing contract was hidden in his pocket. I heard that Guanting was looking for me. The contract for printing books is very clear, but I don't want to go.
Some dark places need protection. I remember there was a monk in Yue Quanzhuan. Before the pursued officer arrived at the temple, he was already seated. What's left? "Li and from the east, I. ...
Go west "son 6. This is the only good way for slaves to get out of their misery, and it is also the most comfortable way that "swordsman" dare not expect. I am not a monk, I have no freedom of nirvana, but I still have nostalgia for life, so I ran away.
That night, I burned my friends' old letters and walked in an inn with a woman holding a child. A few days later, I heard that I was arrested or killed, but there was little news from Rou Shi.
. Some said that he was once taken to Tomorrow Bookstore by the police and asked if he was an editor. Some said that he was once taken to Beixin Bookstore by the police and asked if it was Rou Shi, and his hands were handcuffed. This shows that this is the case.
Heavy. But what kind of situation, but no one knows.
I have read two letters (3) that he wrote to his compatriots in the prison system (4). The first time was like this-
"I went to Longhua with thirty-five associates (seven women) yesterday. He was shackled last night, setting a record that political prisoners have never been shackled. This case involves too much. I'm afraid I won't be out of prison for a while. I hope the bookstore will do something.
For me. It's good now. I'm learning German from Brother Yin. This matter can be reflected to Mr. Zhou. Don't worry, Miss Zhou, I'm not punished. The detention center and the public security bureau asked Mr. Zhou's address several times, and I knew where it was.
Don't look. Good wishes!
Zhao Shaoxiong 1 24th. "
Above the front.
"Iron rice bowl, two or three.
If you can't satisfy, you can put things away.
I hope to transfer Zhao Shaoxiong. "
Above the back.
His mood has not changed. He wants to learn German and study hard. Remember me, just like walking on the road. But some words in his letter are wrong. Political prisoners are chained, not from them.
But from the beginning, he always thought too highly of officialdom, thinking that it was only after 6 years of civilization that they began to be harsh. Actually, it is not. Sure enough, the second letter is very different and the wording is very miserable. Let's talk about Feng first
The lady's face is swollen, but it's a pity that I didn't copy this letter. At that time, the legend was more complicated, saying that he could be redeemed and that he had been sent to Nanjing, no doubt; Instead, use letters and telegrams.
More and more people come to inquire about my news. Even my mother was so anxious that she got sick in Beijing that she asked me to write one letter after another to correct it. This lasted about twenty days.
It's getting colder and colder. I wonder if there are any bedding in Rou Shi. We do. Have you received a tin bowl? ..... but I suddenly got a reliable message that Rou Shi and 23 other people,
On the night of February 7th or the morning of February 8th, he was shot dead in garrison headquarters, Longhua, and was shot ten times.
[Nie (Nipa)
N)] Buddhist language, Sanskrit transliteration, which means silence and liberation, refers to the death of a Buddhist monk, also known as death. It is the highest realm of Buddhism beyond life and death. (2)[ So I ran away] Soft
After Shi was arrested, Lu Xun took his family to the Garden Villa 193 1 on October 20th and returned to the apartment on February 28th. (3) imprisonment. (4) [Fellow] refers to Wang Yuhe, a former employee of Shenchang Watch Company.
. Rou Shi sent him a letter through the delivery man in prison, and he sent Zhou to see Lu Xun. ⑤ [Involvement] Involvement. 6 】 【 ideological civilization refers to officialdom has always been civilized.
I see! ……
In the middle of the night, I stood in the courtyard of the inn, surrounded by piles of junk; People are sleeping, even my wife and children. I have a heavy feeling that I have lost a good friend.
The country lost a good young man, and I calmed down in grief and indignation. However, I looked up from the silence and made up these words:
Accustomed to the long night in spring, the bride will wrap silk around her temples.
In the dream, I vaguely felt my mother's tears, and the king's flag on the city head changed.
Endure watching peers become new ghosts, and anger at knife clusters.
There is no place to write when singing, and the moonlight is like water.
But the last two sentences were later inaccurate, so I finally wrote this to a Japanese singer who participated.
But in China, there was no place to write at that time, and it was more confined than canned food. I remember Rou Shi went back to his hometown at the end of the year and lived there for a long time. When he arrived in Shanghai, he was scolded by his friends. He was angry with me.
Said, his mother is blind, want him to stay a few days, how can he go? I know the heart of blind mother, Rou Shi's heart as soon as possible. When Beidou was first released, I
I just wanted to write something about Rou Shi, but I couldn't, so I chose Mrs. Colwitz's woodcut, which I suspected was his real name.
A long-standing habit here refers to the habit of writing poetry as soon as I feel it. ② 【 Long Night 】
Here is a metaphor for the dark days under reactionary rule. (3) [qiè] wife will be young (Chú)] and wife and children. Pull it. Will, wait a minute. Young, here refers to children. (4)[ vaguely]
It seems that I don't know. ⑤ 【 dài 】 refers to 1929, 1930 the scuffle between the Kuomintang central government and local warlords. Your majesty, the name of the bandit leader here refers to the army.
Valve. I can't bear to see my friend killed by reactionaries. ⑦ 【 Looking for a poem in anger 】 Facing the group of swords angrily (referring to the white terror at that time)
Write a poem. Looking for, looking for. 8 [low eyebrow] Bow your head. 9 [clothes] black clothes. Attending [a Japanese singer] refers to Chuzhi Yamamoto,1932 July11,and the author wrote this poem.
Small, sent to her by Toneshan Bookstore. (Year-end) refers to the year-end of 1930.
[Juà njuà n] I miss you, but I can't bear to part with you. Sincerely. Beidou is a monthly literary magazine of the Left-wing League. 193 1 was established in Shanghai on September 20th. [Kohler]
Mrs. Hui Zhi (1867— 1945)) is a progressive female printmaker in Germany. Her works are mostly about the bitter life and revolutionary struggle of workers and peasants. When the five martyrs of the "Left League" were killed, she and the world progressive literature
Artists jointly protested. After Hitler came to power, her works were banned from publication and exhibition.
five
Today the year before last, I hid in the inn, but they went to the execution ground; Today last year, I fled the British Concession in the sound of gunfire, and they had already been buried in the unknown underground. Today this year,
I just sat in my old apartment and everyone fell asleep, even my wife and children. I have a heavy feeling that I lost a good friend and a good youth in China, and I calmed down in grief and indignation.
Unexpectedly, I looked up from the silence and wrote the above words.
To write it down, there is still no place to write it in China now. When I was young, I read Xiang's "Si Lao Fu", and I wondered why he had only a few lines, but the beginning was awkward. Now, however,
I see.
It's not that young people write eulogies for the elderly, but that in these thirty years, I have witnessed the blood of many young people, which accumulated layer by layer and buried me breathlessly. I can only write a few words with such pen and ink.
Writing is like digging a small hole in the soil and breathing for yourself. What kind of world is this? The night is long and the road is long. I'd better forget it. But I know that even if it's not,
I will always remember them and talk about them in the future. ……
"One leaf" is the same as "one page". ② [Xu] Bai Mang's younger brother. (3)[ Xiangzi period (about 227-272)]
Xiang embroidery was a writer in Wei and Jin Dynasties. After his good friends Ji Kang and Lu An were killed by Si Mazhao, he was very sad and wrote an article "Nostalgia" to commemorate them. Because I was at Sima's house.
Under the pressure of political power, Xiang Xiu could not directly express his grief, so the article was short and obscure, with only 156 words.
(4) Prolonging residual breathing. Means struggling to survive. Write the word "Xu ②".
7-8 February.
Lu Xun has always been concerned about progressive youth, but when these young people are killed one by one, how can he not be angry and sad? Try to compare this article with "In Memory of Liu Hezhen Jun" to see the similarities and differences between them.
The title of this article, "Remembering for Forgetting", is very intriguing, trying to find the profound meaning; The poem "Accustomed to the Long Night in Spring" is a classic poem of Lu Xun, which is rich in content, memorized and savored.
(Lu Xun)