What is the theme of this poem?

Ancient poets expressed their aspirations with poems, expressed their ideals and ambitions, expounded the philosophy of life, contained beautiful sentiments, or summarized society, life and history, all of which were the themes of our poems. Some poems are implicit and obscure, while others are straightforward and explicit. It is very important to master some methods to summarize the theme of poetry, which can help students cut into poetry more quickly, accurately and comprehensively, grasp the theme and complete appreciation and evaluation. First, with the help of poetry, understand the theme. The title of a poem is often the core of the poem, or summarizes its main content, or hints at its emotional tone, or shows its stylistic characteristics, which can help us understand the theme of the poem and the author's feelings. Second, pay attention to the preface and understand the main idea. Generally, the preface is before the poem, the note is after the poem, and sometimes it is cleverly arranged in the stem. Some of them explain the creation time, some explain the creation reason, some explain the creation process, some explain the creation background and the poet's experience, and some lay the emotional tone for the whole work and help to understand the ideological content of the work. Third, grasp the emotional tone of poetry with the help of keywords, also known as "eye in the sentence". "Eye in the sentence" refers to the ability to make a poem (word) vivid, or even "live". Keywords can best reflect the feelings of the author and the artistic conception of the work, generally verbs and adjectives. If you catch them, you catch the whole article. Fourth, with the help of key sentences, also called "eyes in the article", reveal the main idea. "Eye in the text" refers to the most vivid key sentence in the whole poem (word). Sometimes it appears in the middle of the poem, mostly at the end of the poem, directly or indirectly pointing out the topic. Most of the words are argumentative and direct lyric sentences. For example, in Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream", "How can I bow and scrape to those dignitaries whose sincere faces will never be seen?" "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " In Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip. Wait a minute. (Note: "the eye in the sentence" and "the eye in the text" are called "poetic eyes" in poetry) Fifth, evaluate "image" and understand the theme of poetry. Perceive the poet's emotion by evaluating the implication of "image". The "scenery" written and the "things" recited are objective "images"; The "emotion" expressed by borrowing scenery and the "ambition" expressed by chanting things are both subjective "intentions". The perfect combination of image and meaning is image. The common images in ancient poetry often contain fixed emotions. Only in the process of understanding the meaning of images can readers grasp the content of poetry, understand the theme of poetry, enter the artistic conception of poetry and perceive the poet's emotions. Sixth, with a variety of expressions. We can understand the poet's feelings expressed in his poems by using allusions, translating famous sentences, expressing feelings through scenery, reasoning through metaphors, expressing feelings through things, contrast, coexistence of reality and falsehood, symbolism and satirizing the present through ancient times. For example, the allusions and famous sentences used by poets are mostly related to their own situation in content. So use allusions to allude to reality, express your feelings and place some wishes; Metaphorical reasoning makes profound truth easy to understand and vivid. Seven, "knowing people and discussing the world" grasps the theme of the work. Knowing people means understanding the poet's personal experience, life, personality, thoughts and creative style. On the world, it is to compare the ideological content, artistic characteristics and social life of the poet's works from one place to another on the basis of understanding the style of the times in which the poet lives. An era has its own characteristics, and an era has its own literature. A correct understanding of the style and characteristics of an era is also helpful to accurately grasp the literary works of this era. Therefore, of course, we should understand and master the experience and style of all the literary masters in the past dynasties. For the non-famous writers of poetry and music, we should pay full attention to the dynasties of their works, because the great times and backgrounds are interlinked. Eight, according to the theme of poetry classification, in order to try to figure out the theme. Ancient poems with different themes have different emphasis on evaluating their ideological content. There are five themes in ancient poetry: 1. Writing landscape poems: trying to figure out what feelings the poet has placed in the landscape. "All landscape words are emotional words". By grasping the image characteristics of the scene and analyzing the artistic conception, we can find the poet's emotion. "Seeing the scenery gives birth to feelings", writing scenery often lays the foundation for directly expressing the last sentence or two, and can also summarize the theme of the poem from direct lyric sentences. 2. Poetry about things: Everything in nature, from mountains and rivers to flowers, birds, insects and fish, can be described and sung by poets. This kind of poetry often uses the means of expressing ambition by expressing objects and symbols, trying to find out what feelings and wishes the poet expressed when describing the "object" or what symbolic meaning he gave to the object, so as to explore the inner character and spirit people gave to the object. For example, Tao Yuanming chanted chrysanthemums, expressing a state of mind of leisure without envy of wealth; Lu You in "Yongmei" shows the integrity of not being kitsch and sticking to justice. 3. Frontier poems: poems expressing military life, the main purpose of which is to praise the great rivers and mountains and strange scenery of the frontier fortress of the motherland; Or express the desire to make contributions and dedication to serving the motherland; Or show the heroic spirit of bravely killing the enemy and win glory for the country; Or express the feelings of homesickness, sadness and hatred for the wife at home; Or reflect the hardship and bitterness of the battlefield, the cruelty of years of fighting, and the yearning for peace in the frontier, often around the theme of patriotism. Its style is bold, broad-minded, generous and magnificent. However, in different times, frontier fortress poems present different styles, which can best reflect the rise and fall of national luck. The keynote of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is bold, bright, brave and unyielding. The poem is full of indignation against the enemy and determination to defend the country, which constitutes the magnificent syllable of "the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty"! For example, "Wang Changling joined the army", "The snowy mountains in Qinghai are dark, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan. The yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and the loulan is not returned. " The Anshi rebellion in the middle and late Tang Dynasty made the Tang Dynasty turn from prosperity to decline. Although frontier poets also maintain a high-spirited tone, they are more tragic and sad. For example, "Longxi, Chen Tao" swears to sweep the Huns regardless of their health, and five thousand minks mourn Chen Hu. Poor riverside bone, still a dream girl. " In the Song Dynasty, foreign enemies were powerful and internal affairs were decadent, while in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was half the country. Poetic circles are intertwined with the lamentation of saving the country and resisting aggression, the hopeless resentment of serving the country and recovering the Central Plains, and the hopeless indignation of recruiting scholars to return to China. For example, "On a land trip, on an autumn night, you will get out of the hedge door to meet the cold", "Three Wan Li rivers enter the sea, and five thousand mountains climb skyscrapers. The tears of the adherents are all in the dust, and I hope that Julian Waghann will grow for another year. " 4. Nostalgia: This kind of poetry takes a historical event, the deeds of a historical figure as the theme, or nostalgia, expressing nostalgia for historical events (such as feeling the sudden changes of years and the ups and downs of dynasties); Or reminisce about the past, think about the rise and fall of history, and comment on historical events, such as Du Mu's "Topic Wujiang Pavilion", "Jiangdong disciples are versatile, and it is unknown to make a comeback."