Existentialism, hermeneutics, structuralism, formalism, new criticism, and poststructuralism (deconstruction) will be used.
1. Existentialism:
This term was first proposed by the French Catholic philosopher Gabriel Marcel. Existentialism is a very broad philosophical school, which mainly includes three categories: theistic existentialism, atheistic existentialism and humanistic existentialism. It can refer to any irrational conscious activities of isolated individuals and regard them as the most real. Existential humanistic doctrine.
2. Hermeneutics:
The root of the word "hermeneutics" comes from ancient Greek, which means "message from God". At that time, people had regarded the study of how to convert obscure divine will into understandable language as a science. In the Middle Ages, philosophers such as A. Augustine and Cassion gradually systematized the scattered research on interpretation issues in the past when they provided new interpretations of religious doctrines.
3. Structuralism:
It has become one of the most commonly used research methods to analyze language, culture and society in the second half of the twentieth century and the twenty-first century. Structuralism can be seen as a general research approach with many different variations. Broadly speaking, structuralism attempts to explore the interrelationships (that is, structures) through which a cultural meaning is expressed.
4. Formalism:
The essence of formalism is subjectivism and utilitarianism; its root cause is the misplaced view of political achievements and lack of responsibility, and the use of vigorous forms to replace solid work. Implement and cover up contradictions and problems with a shiny appearance.
The typical characteristics of formalism are that it is divorced from real life, emphasizes the independence of aesthetic activities and the absolutization of artistic forms, and believes that form determines content rather than content determining form.
5. New Criticism:
New Criticism is one of the most influential schools of modern British and American literary criticism. It originated in the United Kingdom in the 1920s, and in the 1930s It was formed in the United States and became a trend in the United States in the 1940s and 1950s.
In the late 1950s, New Criticism gradually declined, but the text-based semantic analysis advocated and practiced by New Criticism is still one of the basic methods of literary criticism, which has exerted great influence on today's literary criticism, especially poetry criticism. has a profound impact.
6. Poststructuralism (deconstruction):
Poststructuralism mainly criticizes structuralism’s attachment to the metaphysical tradition and opposes traditional structuralism’s focus on objectivity. On issues of rationality and rationality, it attempts to restore irrational tendencies, pursue non-logical results starting from logic, and reveal the laws of language.