Introduction to the work:
Yuefu in the Han Dynasty was originally an official position in charge of music in ancient times. There was a "Yuefu Order" in the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty. The Yuefu in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was large in scale, and its function was to take charge of the music used in the court and collect folk songs and music. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, all poems sung by Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty were called Yuefu poems.
The basic principle of Han Yuefu's creation is "feeling sad and happy, starting from things" (Art History and Literature awarded by Han Dynasty). It inherits the fine tradition of realism in The Book of Songs and reflects the social reality of Han Dynasty extensively and profoundly. The most outstanding artistic achievement of Han Yuefu lies in its narrative. Secondly, he is good at selecting typical details and expressing his character through his words and deeds. Its forms are five-character, seven-character and miscellaneous words, and it is particularly noteworthy that a number of mature five-character poems have been produced in Han Yuefu. The vast majority of Yuefu poems handed down from the Han Dynasty have been included in Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Maoqian, a Song Dynasty poet.
Original text:
The trees in the garden are lush, and the crystal dew rises in the sun.
Spring fills the earth with hope, and everything presents a scene of prosperity.
I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither.
The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west?
A lazy youth, a lousy age.
Precautions:
This poem is selected from Han Yuefu. Yuefu is a royal musical organ established since the Qin Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of poems were collected from the people, which were rich in content and wide in subject matter. This poem is one of them.
Long song line: the name of the Han Yuefu tune. Sunflower: an ancient vegetable. X: I did it. Yangchun: It's spring, with plenty of sunshine and abundant dew. B: spread and spread. Deze: Enze. Autumn Festival: Autumn. Festivals, seasons, festivals. Yellow: yellow. Flower: the same as "flower". Decline: For rhyme, it can be read as archaic. Hundreds of rivers: countless rivers. Sichuan, rivers. Acts 23: In vain, useless.
Today's translation:
Sunflowers in the garden are lush and soaring in the crystal morning sun.
Spring scatters hope all over the earth, and everything shows prosperity.
I am always afraid that the cold autumn will come, the leaves will turn yellow and the grass will wither.
When can a hundred rivers run to the sea and return to the west?
If young people don't work hard in time, they will only regret it for a lifetime when they are old.
Appreciate:
This poem begins with "Sunflowers in the Garden", and then the water flows to the sea and never returns, indicating that time is like running water and never returns. Finally, we should persuade people to cherish their youth and work hard, and don't wait until they are old to regret it. This poem uses things to express meaning. First, it uses the sunflower in the garden as a metaphor. "Green" means it is flourishing. In fact, under the sunshine and rain in the whole spring, everything is scrambling to grow. Why is this happening? Because they are all afraid that autumn is coming, they all know that autumn wind will wither a hundred herbs. The rhythm of life in nature is like this, and so is life? If a person doesn't work hard when he is in a good time, it will be too late to regret when he is old. This poem thinks that life is fleeting from the beautiful scenery of youth in front of us, and encourages young people to cherish time, make warnings and inspire people to forge ahead.
Brief comments:
This is a famous Yuefu poem in Han Dynasty. The poem uses a series of metaphors to show that we should cherish time and work hard as soon as possible. The first four sentences of this poem paint us a beautiful spring scene. There are dewdrops on the green sunflowers in the garden. After sunrise, the dew dried and the sunflowers were bathed in the sun. Everything in the world is blessed by the rain and dew of nature in spring, shining with unparalleled brilliance. However, when autumn comes, they will lose their bright luster, turn yellow and fade. Everything has ups and downs, and people also have a process from adolescence to old age. Time is like the water of a big river, which flows eastward into the sea and never returns. If you don't cherish time and work hard when you are young, you will only be sad when you are old!
2. Wang Ji's fantasy
Looking at the dusk in Gaodong, I want to rely on it.
Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling.
The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted horses and brought birds back.
Care for no acquaintances, Long song pregnant with Cai Wei.
Shan Ye's "Wang Ye" and "autumn scenery" are Wang Ji's representative works, which are somewhat hesitant and melancholy in a leisurely mood.
]]& gt； This poem is famous for its simplicity and naturalness in art, and the whole poem is about Shan Ye in autumn. In its leisurely interest, it also reveals the poet's inexplicable anguish.
[Note] (1) Gaodong: Gaodong Village, Hejin County, Shanxi Province, where poets live in seclusion. (2) Relocation [sound "xib"]: vagrancy. (3) Sunset: the afterglow of sunset. (4) calf: calf. Cai Wei: "The Book of Songs. Call the south. "Grass Worm" has: "Move to Shannan and talk about food. Sad to see a gentleman. " In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei, there is another article: "Cai Wei Cai Wei, but Wei Wei also stops. Back home, 18 years old, you will not stop, you will be destroyed by the city and family. That's why you don't live in a busy place. " Here, the meaning of these two poems is to secretly express your anguish.
At dusk, I stood at the entrance of Gaodong Village and looked down, wandering around without any thoughts in my heart. Every tree is yellow, and every peak is painted with the afterglow of the sunset. Cattle-herding children ride their calves home, and hunters ride back their prey. I was depressed when I saw that these people didn't know each other, so I sang the song "Picking Wei" in the Book of Songs.
Shan Ye's "Wang Ye" and "autumn scenery" are Wang Ji's representative works, which are somewhat hesitant and melancholy in a leisurely mood.
"I hope I will look forward to it and I will rely on it." Gao is a water town. Gaodong refers to a place in Longmen, Jiangzhou, his hometown. After retirement, he often traveled to Beishan and Gaodong, calling himself "Donggaozi". "Depend" means wandering. "What do you want?" In Cao Cao's "Short Songs", the meaning of "the moon stars are scarce, blackbirds fly south, and there are no branches to lean on" shows the feeling of boredom and hesitation.
The following four sentences describe the scenery seen at dusk: "All trees are in autumn, only the hills and mountains are bright. The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted the horse and brought the bird back. " Looking around, it is autumn everywhere, and it is more and more bleak in the afterglow of the sunset. On this quiet background, the close-ups of shepherds and hunting horses, with an idyllic pastoral atmosphere, enliven the whole picture. These four poems are like a picture of Shan Jutu on an autumn night. Light and color, long-range and close-range, static and dynamic match well.
However, Wang Ji could not find comfort from the countryside like Tao Yuanming, so he finally said, "I don't know each other, and Long song loves Wei." He said that he was lonely in reality, so he wanted to make friends with people like Boyi and Shu Qi.
People who are familiar with Tang poetry may not find this poem particularly beneficial. However, if we read this poem by Song, Qi, Liang and Chen in the Southern Dynasties in the order of poetic history, we will suddenly applaud its simplicity. The poetic style of the Southern Dynasties is mostly gorgeous, like a jewel-like lady wrapped in satin. Walking out of the women's group, I suddenly met a village girl with a cloth skirt. Without makeup, there will be a special charm. Ji Wang's ambition has such a simple advantage.
The genre of this poem is five-character verse. Since Shen Yue and others applied legal knowledge to poetry creation in the first year of Qiyong in the Southern Dynasties, this new genre of legal poetry has been brewing. In the early Tang Dynasty, Shen Quanqi's and Song's regular poems became an important poetic genre. Wang Ji, more than 60 years earlier than Shen and Song, can write such a mature poem as Wild Hope, which shows that he is a man who dares to try new forms. The beginning and end of this poem are lyrical, and the middle is lyrical. After the repetition of emotion-scene-emotion, the meaning of poetry has deepened. This is in line with a basic composition of metrical poetry.
3. Hanjiang's early pregnancy
meng haoran
The south is a wilderness, because leaves are falling, and the wind from the north makes the water cold.
My home is wandering by the river, and the sea of clouds is far away.
Tears of homesickness in the journey, see the back of the sail on the horizon.
The smoke in the wind blurs where the ferry can be, and the vast river ripples in the sunset.
Translation 1:
The vegetation is yellow, the geese fly south, the north wind whistling, and the river is full of chill.
My home is in Luxingshan, and my cabin is in perfume bay. Looking at Chu from afar, it seems to be in the vast sea of clouds.
The tears of homesickness have been exhausted by the guest life, and I sail alone. I can't bear to see this again.
I want to ask a man where the lost ferry is. In the twilight, I saw the endless sea.
Translation 2:
Flowers and trees wither, and geese fly south.
The north wind is blowing, and a river is cold in spring.
My hometown is Naluxing Mountain, and the cottage is in perfume bay.
Looking at the distant Chu land, Chu land is vast in the clouds.
The tears of homesickness have run out, and the life of the tourists is so bitter.
The lonely sail is far away, and the scene is ugly.
I want to ask someone, where is the lost ferry?
I can't see anything at dusk, only the river and the sea are endless.
Precautions:
(1) Litter: Leaves are scattered due to the arrival of autumn. Yan: Wild geese fly from the north to the south.
(2) Xiangshuiqu: Because it is at the corner of the waterfront of Haoran House in the cemetery. Xiangshui, also called Xianghe, is the next section of the Hanshui River flowing through Xiangfan City.
(3) Chu Yunyun: Xiangyang belonged to the State of Chu in ancient times, with high terrain. Looking back, just like the sky.
(4) tears in hometown: tears in four townships.
⑤ Labyrinth: It means getting lost in Tianjin and not knowing the way. Tianjin: Ferry.
(6) Flat sea: refers to the height and width of the water surface. In ancient times, rivers were sometimes called the sea. Or a river is as wide as the sea and accessible. Endless: endless. Describing "evening" here means that the night is very long. Ning Qi's Song of Cutting Rice: "When is the night long?"
Enjoy 1:
The title of this poem is also "Pregnancy on the Early Cold River", which was written by the author after he left Chang 'an, traveled east to wuyue, and stayed on the river because of homesickness and early cold. The first couplet, from beginning to end, has a broad artistic conception, which describes the infinite loneliness and dismay of homesickness. Then the second couplet expresses the nostalgia for hometown in fresh and bright language. "I remember my home; However, the bend of the Xiangjiang River is surrounded by clouds in the south of the Yangtze River. " How kind. Thousands of miles away, far away in the sky, clouds are scattered, out of reach, and even more melancholy. So the third triple uses "I go forward." "I cried till I cried my eyes out" to carry the homesickness of the second couplet, while "I saw a sail far away" to carry the loneliness on the first couplet, and the scenes were opposite, leading to sadness. The tears of homesickness have been exhausted in the guests, and they are miserable; A lonely sail, floating in the sky, lonely and desolate. The last two sentences, because I can't go back, I'm disappointed in the sky. I'm in a maze and the world is rugged. "Its scenery is getting rougher and rougher. It's getting dark "sets off the author's confused mood. The poet expressed his distress and hesitation with the landscape language of "the sky is vast and the dusk is boundless". Hidden, carefree. The combination of poetic imagery and lyricism is harmonious and charming. This homesickness on the river is closely related to the frustration of official career. Homesickness is often another manifestation of career frustration.
Appreciation 2:
The first two sentences of this poem are entitled "Early Cold River". Flying south in the wild is a scene of "first cold" seen in the eyes, and the north wind in a cold water zone pays more attention to its own feelings. The two poems are very specific about the characteristics of seasonal climate and should be said to be realistic; However, these two poems describing the silence in the early stage are prepared for the lyricism in the back, so they have inspiring effects. Facing the gloomy scenery in late autumn and early winter, I can't help but feel homesick, so I first thought of my hometown: my hometown is at the corner of Xiangshuiwan, far away from Chuhe, far away! It's hard to be far away, so I miss you more. "I go forward. "I cried until my tears ran dry" positively expressed my homesickness, while "near" fully expressed the poet's homesickness. So homesick, of course, I want to go back to my hometown, so I have the performance of "I see a sail in the distant sky" Looking at the lonely sails in the sky reminds me of going home by boat. This idea is really caused by homesickness, but it is not so easy to return to China because I have lost my way; I could have asked if I was lost, but the river and the sea were flat and the water was long. Where can I ask for directions?
The last two sentences, on the surface, are hard to write home. After careful scrutiny, we found that this place is not purely realistic, but has a deep meaning.
Meng Haoran once roamed the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in the 15th year of Kaiyuan, and then roamed wuyue in the 17th to 21st year of Kaiyuan. This poem may have been written during roaming. Because he left home for a long time, he expressed his homesickness and his confusion in his poems. The scenery is typical and lyrical, which can be described as "the feelings are born from the scene and the scene is melted".
Appreciation 3:
"Wild geese fly south, the north wind comes to Shui Han", these two sentences are scenery writing. The author captured the typical things at that time and pointed out the seasons. The leaves on the tree gradually fall off, and the geese fly south. This is the most representative autumn scenery. But autumn alone can't show "cold". The author makes people feel cold by whistling in the north wind, and points out the "early cold" in the title. Trees rustle, geese fly south, the north wind whistles and the weather is cold. The author painted a vivid picture of late autumn. In this environment, it is easy to produce sad emotions.
This is a technique of "arousing", and poetry naturally enters the second couplet. When the author faced the scene before him, he felt homesick. The word "ge" has revealed homesickness. The author lives in Xiangyang, which belonged to the State of Chu in ancient times. Therefore, it is called "Chu Yun Yun" in the poem, which can not only show the high terrain (compared with the lower reaches of the Yangtze River), but also show the feeling of looking up, which is beyond my reach, and also reveals the feeling of homesickness. "I remember my home; However, the winding Xiangjiang River is surrounded by the clouds in this southern country. This sentence seems to be plain, but if you chew it carefully, you can appreciate the beauty of the author's sentence refining and the pain of creating meaning.
If the second couplet only reveals some homesickness news, it has implied meaning and has not pointed it out; Then there is the triple "I move forward." "I cried till I cried" not only pointed out homesickness, but also exhausted this feeling. Not only am I so homesick, but my family is also looking forward to my return and the "homecoming" of Horizon. Family wishes are naturally false words, but homesickness is expressed more strongly.
"Where is the ferry? Can someone tell me? " It is an allusion that Confucius made Luz interested in The Analects. Chang Ju and Jie Shui are hermits, while Confucius is a man who actively wants to go into politics. Chang Ju and Jie Shui don't talk about the location of Tianjin (Ferry), but instead ridicule Confucius for wandering around for help, causing Confucius to sigh. The two sides are in a conflict between seclusion and politics. Meng Haoran used to be a hermit in Xiangyang, but now he travels all over the southeast (and finally goes to Chang 'an to study), but he combines the contradiction between seclusion and politics, which can't be solved, so he ends up with "getting more and more bumpy". It's getting dark. " The surging river, even the sea, is endless, from dark to dusk. This kind of scenery completely sets off the author's confused mood.
Appreciation 4:
This is a lyric poem about homesickness. Began in prosperity, borrowed Hongyan to fly south, and made guests homesick. I saw the distant solitary sail in the middle, thought of my own disappointment, and finally wrote the stagnation I wanted to return to. The poet looks at his hometown in a foreign land and misses Xiangyang and Xiangshui deeply, but his hometown is out of reach, and he can only shed tears of homesickness and look at the lonely sails in the sky. This sense of drift can only be deeply felt by people on the road. The last two sentences of this poem not only describe the scene at that time, but also metaphor the poet's own frustration in his career. This poem expresses the resentment and melancholy of the author Chang 'an after hitting a wall. His homesickness and the sentence of writing scenery are integrated, deep and implicit.
Judging from the content of the poem, it is written when the author roams the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It's already autumn, but it's very cold. I can't help but think of my hometown, causing tears of homesickness. In addition, at that time, the author was running around the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, both a hermit and an official. I envy rural life and want to make a difference in politics. So the feelings revealed in this poem are quite complicated.
The whole poem has complicated emotions. The poet envies rural life and intends to retire, but he also wants to ask officials to do things in order to make a big difference. This contradiction constitutes the content of this poem. The second pair and the third pair of this poem are naturally matched, and there is no trace of axe chisel. The second couplet refers to the status of Xiangyang, and it is natural to match on the spot. The third joint "Tears of Hometown" is emotion, and "Return to Sail" is scenery, which fully expresses the author's feelings. Finally, I ended up with the scenery, putting the sadness of homesickness and the sadness of the road ahead in this confused dusk river scene.
This is a lyric poem about homesickness. Began in prosperity, borrowed Hongyan to fly south, and made guests homesick. I saw the distant solitary sail in the middle, thought of my own disappointment, and finally wrote the stagnation I wanted to return to.
The whole poem has complicated emotions. The poet envies rural life and intends to retire, but he also wants to ask officials to do things in order to make a big difference. This contradiction constitutes the content of this poem.
[Explanation] Autumn wind rises, leaves fall and geese fly south. The poet looks at the clouds above the Yangtze River, misses his hometown and relatives, and imagines that under the clouds in the distance, it may be his hometown near the water. Seeing lonely sails passing over the horizon reminded him of going home by boat. But the river is very long. Where can we find the ferry? The implication is that the desire to return to China is difficult to realize at the moment.
[Appreciation] This poem was also written by Meng Haoran when he was roaming. The phrase "Go south to the wild, the fallen leaves return to their roots, and the north wind comes to Shui Han" is related to Bao Zhao's "Muluojiang Crossing the Cold". Leaves are falling, flying north and south, the river is cold early, and autumn scenery is lonely. The poet looks at his hometown in a foreign land and misses Xiangyang and Xiangshui deeply, but his hometown is out of reach, and he can only shed tears of homesickness and look at the lonely sails in the sky. This sense of drift can only be deeply felt by people on the road. The last two sentences of this poem not only describe the scene at that time, but also metaphor the poet's own frustration in his career. This poem expresses the resentment and melancholy of the author Chang 'an after hitting a wall. His homesickness and the sentence of writing scenery are integrated, deep and implicit.
4. Message from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang
meng haoran
The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.
[Brief Description]
Prime Minister Zhang: In 733 AD (the 12th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Zhang Jiuling became prime minister.
Yunmeng: Two ancient swamps, on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River in Hubei, with Yunmeng in the north and Dream in the south, and most of them became land later. Collectively known as "Yunmengze".
Hyun-woo: I envy fishing The biography of Han Dong's Zhongshu said: The ancients said, "It is better to retire and build a net than to be a fisherman in the forest." It means that it is better to do something by yourself than to pay lip service to others' achievements.
[analysis]
"Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang" is a lyric poem, which is written euphemistically. The gate system in the Tang Dynasty was very strict, and ordinary intellectuals rarely got on the political stage. If intellectuals want to find a way out politically, they must ask for help from powerful people, write some poems and contribute, hoping to gain common sense, be recommended and promoted. In 733 AD, Meng Haoran traveled to Chang 'an, and when Zhang Jiuling became the prime minister of the imperial court, he wrote this poem and dedicated it to Zhang Jiuling, hoping that he would help himself. But the poet refused to say that he wanted to be an official because he was worried and loved face, so he had to express his wishes euphemistically. This depressed mood is not difficult to understand.
The artistic feature of this poem is the organic combination of scenery description and lyricism, touching the scene and containing feelings in the scene. The first four sentences of this poem describe the scenery of Dongting Lake. "Here, the lake in August and heaven are one air." The implication is the illusion that the sky is reflected in the water. The sky is too clear. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, the water level of Dongting Lake rises to the height of the lake shore. When you look at the clouds, you can see that the lakes and mountains set each other off, and the water and sky are the same, which is very beautiful. "Clouds are foggy, covering Yueyang City." On this vast lake and Yunmengze, water vapor transpiration and roaring waves shocked Yueyang City, which is located by the lake. These four poems vividly depict the scenery of Dongting Lake. Writing the scenery in this way sets off the poet's positive and enterprising mental state, suggesting that the poet is in his prime and willing to serve the country and make a difference. This is a wonderful use of writing about scenery.
The last four sentences of this poem naturally become the expression of the poet's own feelings. The beauty of Dongting Lake in front of him touched the poet's heart, reminding him of his seclusion and obscurity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. "I want to go there, but I can't find a boat. How ashamed I am of being lazier than your politicians." The economy is crossing the river, the boat is rowing, and there is nothing to do in the end. In these two sentences, the poet confessed to the prime minister Zhang with clever metaphors: I am not willing to live in seclusion; I am ashamed of wasting time and failing to live up to the good times. However, you have to cross the river without a boat and come out to do things without introduction. This is my difficulty!
The last two sentences, "I sit here and watch a fisherman throw, and I only feel like a fish", make a request to Zhang, the prime minister of the dynasty. The translation of these two poems comes from the old saying "Better retire and build a net than fish in the forest". It was meant to say, not stand by the river and shout "good fish!" " Good fish! "We go home to weave Internet cafes. Here, the poet connects with his own mood, giving this old saying a new meaning, comparing the prime minister Zhang to an "angler", while he "sits and watches", unable to fish, but only to feel. It means: you, Prime Minister Zhang, are in charge of state affairs. How can I stand by and watch? But as a hermit, I can't serve you, and I can only express my envy to you. Although this meaning is euphemistic, it is clear: I hope that Premier Zhang can introduce me and find a way out for him.
However, in the feudal society at that time, it was hard to get ahead! "When there was no one on the road," Meng Haoran finally couldn't find a way out, touching his nose everywhere and being frustrated. 52 years old, died in his hometown of Nanyuan.
Reading this poem, I think its ideological significance is not great, but its scenery and lyrical artistic expression are worth learning. And like a mirror, it reflects the social ills at that time and the depressed mentality of intellectuals seeking Tao. These are all desirable.
The place where the yellow crane carried the saints to heaven a long time ago is now only the Yellow Crane Tower.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.
Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
The poet came here with great longing for the Yellow Crane Tower, but the immortal drove the crane without a trace, and the crane left the building empty, in front of him was an ordinary river tower. "Where the yellow crane used to carry saints to heaven, now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left." The gap between the beautiful vision and the ordinary river building has laid a lost background in the poet's heart and laid a potential foreshadowing for the expression of homesickness complex.
"The yellow crane will never return to the world, and the white clouds will never fly without him" is a couplet in the poem. The natural scene where rivers meet the sky is more and more magnificent because of white clouds. Influenced by this scene, the poet's mood gradually brightened, and the feelings in his chest grew wings: the long history and beautiful legend of the Yellow Crane Tower were repeated in front of his eyes, but in the end, things changed and the crane was gone. What can people leave to stand the test of time? She is nothing, she is making the world die, the ocean dry up, the rocks collapse, and giving up her constant nostalgia and nostalgia. This sentence is of universal significance, which expresses the poet's fantasy that the years are hard to come by and the world is at a loss, and also paves the way for writing about the infinite sadness of the difficulty of returning home, thus becoming a famous sentence that is deeply concerned and repeatedly tasted.
The meaning of "yellow crane" in the poem is very clear, except for the entity "crane", its direction should be "everything" Gone forever contains the endless sadness of being born at an untimely time and not waiting for people when they are old. "Baiyun" is unpredictable, which means the author's unpredictable sigh. If the word and "empty leisurely" make people see the vastness of space, then "Millennium" makes people see the infinity of time. The combination of time and space has produced a sense of historical depth and space openness, which has given birth to deep homesickness.
"Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Nautilus Island is a nest of sweet grass." These two sentences describe beautiful longing and emotional memories, which are very human: the sun is shining high and the blue sky is like washing. In a trance, the tree on the north bank of Hanshui River became a long-lost dear person and stood in front of us. The warm sunshine filled the river and warmed the relatives. Vaguely, Mi Fei, who was beating drums in the grass on Nautilus Island, died in the face of Huang Zu's butcher knife, shedding green grass with blood. It is the selfless dedication of countless wandering wanderers soaked in blood and tears that has built countless unforgettable hometowns.
"but I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker? There is a sad mist on the river waves. "As the sun sets, night falls, birds return to their nests, ships return home, and wanderers return home. But where is the hometown of vagrants in the world? The river is foggy, and thick fog is born in front of you. It's a faint tear, and it's a broad homesickness that concerns the whole world. When I ask about my hometown, I feel homesick. Faced with this situation, there is no reason for anyone to miss home. The poem ends with a "worry", which accurately expresses the poet's mood of boarding the Yellow Crane Tower at dusk, and at the same time, with the metaphor at the beginning, expresses his lingering homesickness with ups and downs, so as to convey his feelings, convey his feelings internally and echo externally.
Poetry has a strong flavor of folk songs, from scenery to words to feelings, the language is like pearls, natural and natural, the antithesis is neat, the melody is harmonious and the literary talent is flying. The poet organically combined the narrow homesickness of missing his loved ones with the vast homesickness of the whole world, and expressed his homesickness in a magnificent and heroic way, which made the charm and character of this poem reach the peak of its kind and became the first masterpiece among the seven wonders of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in later generations.
Send away a friend
Lipper
Original text:
Send a friend away
Lipper
To the north of the Great Wall is a blue mountain range, and to the east is a white waterline.
Here, you must leave me and drift away for hundreds of miles like loose grass.
Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.
We waved goodbye and my horse kept neighing.
Translation:
Cangshan Cuiling lies outside the north city, and Qinghe flows around the east city. You must leave me here and drift away. You will walk alone in Wan Li like a loose grass. The wanderer's whereabouts are like clouds in the sky, and the sunset is hard to stay, although there are deep friends. Wave goodbye, you and I go our separate ways. The rustling is leisurely, and the horse also complains about parting.
Precautions:
① Guo: Outer city.
② One: Auxiliary words to strengthen mood. Lonely Peng: Peng Cao was blown away by the wind and flew around indefinitely. Poets often use it as a metaphor for wandering. Logo: journey.
③ Z: Here, now. Rustle: A?vagho?a. Banma's voice: a stray horse.
Writing background: The author bid farewell to his friends on the shore.
Appreciate:
This is a farewell song. But this poem expresses Li Bai's feelings of parting with his friends through the description of the parting environment. Between the green mountains and green waters, the author and his friends walk side by side, full of affection. This time, as soon as we left, our friends danced with the wind like grass, but Wan Li fell. I don't know when I can see you again. "I will think of you in the clouds, so I will think of me in the sunset" is a description of friends' erratic whereabouts and their reluctant feelings for friends. It is a metaphor for the scene, and the floating clouds and sunset also have a human touch. The last sentence "and my horse is neighing again and again" adds to the melancholy at other times. The whole poem is full of sound and emotion, with lively rhythm and sincere, enthusiastic and optimistic feelings. Although it is sad to leave, it is not discouraging and decadent.
7. Liu Yuxi's autumn poems
Since ancient times, every autumn has been sad and lonely.
I say autumn is better than spring tide.
In the clear sky, a crane is walking among the clouds.
It brought poetry to Bixiao.
Translation:
Since ancient times, I feel sad and lonely every autumn.
I think autumn is better than spring.
A crane flies in the clear sky of Wan Li.
It triggered my poetry about the blue sky.
Appreciate:
Autumn always plays a sad role in nature, and its "thinness" has long been a unique image that has been chewed and recalled by generations. Thus, in autumn, in the withered pages, in the square Chinese characters, I murmured, confusing sadness, sadness, missing and caring.
Liu Yuxi's Autumn Poems, on the other hand, found a new way, eulogizing the beauty of autumn with abnormal style and greatest enthusiasm. What is even more valuable is that "Autumn Ci" is still the work of the poet after he was relegated to Langzhou. Two original poems, choose the first one.
"Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely. I say autumn is better than spring." Since Song Yu left a famous sentence in Nine Arguments, sadness has become a hue and an emotion in autumn. Sadness has become the autumn in my heart. However, at the beginning of the poem, the poet begins with a discussion, categorically denying the previous concept of sorrowful autumn, showing a radical and upward poetry. I'm talking about the poet's self-confidence, which, although infected, is an unfortunate color. However, the poet's broad mind has significantly resolved this misfortune. "Winning the Spring Tide" is the poet's full affirmation of autumn scenery. This kind of recognition is not only a temporary emotional impulse, but a poet's rational thinking on autumn at a higher level.
"Clouds are scattered by cranes in the clear sky, which brings poetry to Bixiao." The poet grasped the unique landscape of "crane flying in the sky" in autumn, showing the open scene of crisp autumn, clear skies in Wan Li and white clouds fluttering. The crane in Lingyun, also carrying the poet's poems, swam to the sky together. Although this crane is lonely, its momentum is extraordinary. The meaning of a word "beat" is self-evident. Perhaps, the poet uses "crane" as a metaphor, or perhaps, the poet regards "crane" as an unyielding embodiment. There is philosophical implication, artistic charm, thought-provoking and memorable. It gives readers not only the vitality and plain color of autumn, but also a noble spirit and noble sentiment.
Reading such a poem, we don't have a sad breath in our hearts. With the poet's "poetry" and the wings of the poet's imagination, we gallop in the blue sky like horses. As a result, the crane flies into the sky, and its poetry is far-reaching. The combination of "reality" and "emptiness" gives you a good feeling of inspirational emotion.
The whole poem is magnificent, artistic conception is magnificent, emotion, scenery and reason are integrated in one furnace, showing high spirit and broad mind, singing the extraordinary Qiu Ge and leaving us precious spiritual wealth.
About the author:
Liu Yuxi (772-842) was born in Luoyang and descended from Xiongnu. In his later years, he served as a guest of honor for the Prince, and was known as "Liu Ke" in the world. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he participated in the short-term political reform during the Yongzheng period of the Tang Dynasty, and as a result, he was banished to Yuan Jun and survived tenaciously. When I returned to Luoyang in my later years, I still had the heroic spirit of "Ma Si became careless".
Learning focus:
1. Know the background of this poem and understand its general idea. 2. Recite this poem.
Language accumulation and use:
Combine the notes in the book and understand the following words. 1. Loneliness: silence; Empty. 2. Spring Dynasty: Spring morning. This can be translated as spring. 3. Going to the cloud: going straight to the cloud. Row: push away; Rush out. 4. then: just; So ... 5. Bixiao: Blue sky.
(3) content analysis:
1. Background:
This poem was written when the poet was demoted to Sima in Langzhou. In Yongzhenyuan (AD 805), Shunzong acceded to the throne and appointed Wang to reform state affairs. Liu Yuxi also participated in this innovation movement. However, this innovation was strongly opposed by eunuchs, buffer regions and bureaucratic forces and ended in failure. Shunzong was forced to abdicate, Wang died and Liu Yuxi was demoted. What is commendable is that the poet did not feel depressed after suffering a serious blow. Autumn Ci was written when he was relegated to Langzhou. As can be seen from the poem, Liu Yuxi is not pessimistic and disappointed, but uncharacteristically praises autumn, giving people a high-spirited confidence. This is consistent with his character of being demoted and fighting many times.