Dandelion seeds have soft fluff and can fly far away freely in the spring breeze in May. Another example is the seeds of pine, maple and elm, whose wings are very small. With the help of wind, they can easily fly in all directions and expand their territory.
The seeds of Xanthium sibiricum have thorns, barbs or mucus secretions, which will immediately attach to people's clothes or animals' hair and feathers as long as they are touched lightly.
Mother pea spreads herself and does not rely on other media. However, the seed spread distance is limited, and some self-propagating seeds will spread twice after landing. Birds, ants and mammals are all possible secondary communicators.
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There is a big tree in the south of China. Its fruit hangs high on the treetops, like a wide and long broadsword. When ripe, the fruit splits, and countless seeds fly out, like a flock of butterflies flying in the air. The seed itself is very small, but it is covered with a translucent film similar to bamboo clothes on three sides, which looks like a butterfly with flat wings. People call them "wooden butterflies".
It spreads seeds and fruits through the wind. Any seed or fruit spread by the wind will grow "wings" like the fluff of Bo Gongying or the film of a wooden butterfly. Other plants that propagate propagules by wind are poplars, willows, elms and Pterocarya stenoptera.
Plants that grow in or near water spread their seeds by means of water. Coconut is the best water traveler in the plant kingdom. When the coconut is ripe, it will fall from the tree. If it falls into the sea, the tide will take the coconut far away. If the environment is suitable, a young coconut tree will start its independent life there.
In autumn, lotus flowers in the lotus pond float in the water with lotus seeds. Seeds and fruits spread by water are always covered with a thick, light and air-filled protective layer, so that they float on the water and drift with the flow.
More plants rely on people or animals to spread seeds or fruits. Some seeds or fruits are very small. When you accidentally step on them, they will stick or be embedded in your shoes. As far as you go, they will follow. When you take a small step, they will fall into a new field with the dust.
Other plants have various kinds of thorns or hooks on their fruits and seeds. Once people or animals come into contact with them, those little guys with hooks and thorns can firmly hang animal fur or people's clothes and spread far away. The most commonly purchased seeds or fruits with hooks and thorns are Achyranthes bidentata, Xanthium sibiricum, Clover, Bidens bipinnata and so on.
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