Liu Yuxi has been eager to learn since childhood. In addition to studying classics, he also dabbled extensively in calligraphy, astronomy and medicine. Poetry is the most famous of his literary creations, and Bai Juyi said that his "writing style is wonderful, not in front of poetry" ("Bai Liu's Singing Interpretation"). He occupies an important position in the ancient prose movement. At that time, the literary world was dominated by Li Ao and Han Yu and regarded as a generation. Liu said that he was "good at theory", his papers were clear, his arguments were sufficient, and his writing was beautiful. Prose is concise and clear. (This passage is quoted from Liu Yuxi's biography).
Liu Yuxi lived in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Due to the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty formed a social situation in which eunuchs monopolized power, vassal regimes and cronies fought. He is very dissatisfied with such social reality. I once participated in the Reform Movement led by Uncle Wang, but failed, resulting in a bumpy career and repeated demotions. However, he did not give in to the powerful, but showed his integrity and contempt for the powerful with a civilized mentality. This article can be said to be the author's bitter ridicule of the prevailing social customs and self-evident mentality at that time.
Content and comments
The mountain is not high, and the fairy is named; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. I am humble, but I am kind. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green. There is a scholar (3) instead of Ding Bai (4). You can tune the piano and read Jin Dian. ⑦ There is no difference between silk and bamboo, and there is no contingency in case. Attending Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Ziyunge in Xishu [1 1]. Kong Ziyun: "What's the matter?" 〔 12〕
To annotate ...
(1) Si and Shi: both demonstrative pronouns Si, this. A house with simple and narrow furniture.
(2) Wei: Used with the preposition "one" for emphasis. Dexin means noble conduct. Xin, a fragrance that can spread far away.
(3) A scholar: This refers to a learned person. Hong, big. Confucianism, used to refer to scholars.
(4) Ding Bai: an unknown civilian. This refers to people with little knowledge.
(5) Su Qin: Piano without carving and painting.
(6) The Book of Gold: The Diamond Sutra (referred to as the King Kong Prajna Sutra or the King Kong Prajna Paramita Sutra) widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty.
(7) Sishu: orchestral music, here refers to the sound of playing music. Here refers to musical instruments in general. Interfere with the ear, make hearing impaired.
(8) Case files: documents handled by government officials daily.
(9) Nanyang: Place name, west of Xiangyang County, Hubei Province. Before coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in nanyang road.
(10) Ziyun: The figure of Yang Xiong (53- 18) in Han Dynasty. He is a native of Xishu (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and his residence is called "Yangzifu". It is said that he wrote Tai Xuan Jing in Yangzi Building, so it is also called Cao Xuantang. Yunting in this article refers to its residence. Sichuan still has weizi and Ziyun City to commemorate him.
(1 1) What's the matter? First, the object is advanced. The whole sentence means "What's the matter?" The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "Zi wants to live in Jiuyi, or' Is it ugly?' Confucius said,' How can a gentleman be humble if he lives there?' Confucius wants to move to the land of Jiuyi. Someone said, "That place is very humble. How can I live well? " Confucius said, "There are gentlemen who live without being humble."
(12) fatigue: make the body tired.
source
Humble Room Inscription is selected from All Tang Wen Volume 608 (Zhonghua Book Company 1983 Edition).
translate
Mountains don't have to be high. Living with immortals is famous. The water doesn't have to be deep. Living with dragons is supernatural. Although this is a humble house, it's just that my personality is beautiful (so I don't feel humble). Moss is green, growing on the steps, and grass is green, reflected in the curtains. I talk and laugh with learned people, and there is no such thing as ignorant people. You can play simple guqin and read precious Buddhist scriptures. No loud music disturbs your ears, and no official documents make you physically and mentally exhausted. Just like Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Nanyang and Yang Ziyun's porch pavilion in West Shu. Confucius said, "What is so simple?"
Theme of the work
From the theme, The Humble Room Inscription tries to describe the humble room by describing the living room. The article "Humble Room Inscription" shows the author's attitude towards life, which is not vulgar, clean and honest, and does not seek fame and fortune. It expresses the author's noble and proud moral integrity and reveals the author's poverty and happiness.
conceive
Viewed from the conception, Humble Room Inscription expresses its ambition by way of contrast. On the other hand, he never mentioned the ugliness of the humble room, but only wrote the ugly side of the humble room, which was due to virtue and fragrance, thus naturally achieving the purpose of expressing his feelings.
Presentation and writing skills
In terms of expression, Humble Room Inscription integrates description, lyricism and discussion. By describing the elegant environment of the "humble room" and the elegant demeanor of the master, I express my noble and quiet feelings.
The writing of Humble Room Inscription is more complicated. In a short 8 1 word, the techniques of comparison, line drawing, implication, allusions and metonymy are used. Moreover, it has a strong sense of rhyme and rhythm, reads naturally and smoothly, and the songs are full of echoes, which makes people memorable.
Judging from the sentence pattern, Humble Room Ming is mainly parallel prose, with neat sentence pattern, clear rhythm and harmonious phonology, giving people a visual aesthetic feeling. However, the sentence "What is humble?" The inscription in my humble room is also a loose sentence. Therefore, in the sentence structure, "Humble Room Ming" is a combination of parallel prose, which makes the article have a bright rhythm, patchwork language, cadence, harmonious and pleasant feeling to read, and gives people the aesthetic feeling of music. At the same time, the article is mainly composed of five words, with four words and six words in the middle, so the sentence patterns are uneven and the article rhymes to the end.
Judging from the clues, the concept of "only I am fragrant" runs through the whole paper: at the beginning, it leads to "only I am fragrant", then it expresses "only I am fragrant" from the aspects of room environment, communication and daily life, and finally sets off "only I am fragrant" with "Zhuge Lu" and "Zi". This is the author's subjective feeling.
With the help of humble reasoning, the article expresses the noble character of the author with lyrical style. He sees reason in everything and shows emotion in the scene. It can be said that "love is born of scenery, and scenery is born of love." In this way, the author's leisure and the beautiful scenery of the room are written implicitly and vividly.
This article skillfully uses allusions. Take Zhuge Lu and Ziyun Pavilion for example, and quote Confucius: "What's wrong?" Explain that the humble room is not humble, thus enhancing the credibility and persuasiveness of the article's reasoning.
In short, the author does not flaunt himself as a "gentleman" in the article, but respects morality and studies law as a gentleman, showing a detached and optimistic attitude towards life setbacks and career bumps. Only in this way, we regard it as a lyric poem praising the humble room to show its owner's indifferent and elegant life interest, rather than an essay explaining that the humble room is not humble.
works appreciation
According to the content of the article, we can divide this essay into three parts:
I. (1-3 sentences):
Starting with the mountains and rivers, Humble Room Inscription leads to the topic, which not only appears extraordinary, but also lays the foundation for the later Humble Room Inscription to sing praises and virtues. The mountain may not be high or low, and the water may not be deep. As long as there is a dragon, you can be famous. Therefore, although you live in a humble place, you are "fragrant" because of your master's virtue. In other words, of course, the humble room can be famous because of the existence of people with high moral quality, and its reputation can be spread far and wide, and a stone can be carved to commemorate it. Ordinary landscapes give birth to dragons, and humble rooms can of course spread incense through people with high moral quality. This skill of using force is really wonderful, and it can also be described as the author's original creation. In particular, the fairy dragon is the crowning touch of the landscape, and the conception is wonderful. "I am a humble room, but I am virtuous and fragrant", which begins with a fairy tale of mountains and rivers. The author turned his pen and went straight to the subject, which seemed abrupt, but when I looked back, it was seamless, because the comparative sentence above just paved the way for the introduction of this sentence.
From this point of view, the author wrote this essay after repeated thinking, not on impulse. A quatrain can be an epiphany, but the seamless connection is the accumulation and repeated deliberation of usual skills.
Second, (4-7 sentences):
These words describe the simple environment and colorful daily life. "The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green. There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university. You can tune the pipa and read Jin Dian. There is no confusion of bamboo and bamboo, and the case has nothing to do. " It is the author's summary of the life of people with high moral quality. After the author's interest was clarified in the previous words, the reader's thoughts also entered a good situation. At this time, readers are more likely to accept the author's ideas. He hints at the author's quiet mind with the elegant color of green on the moss mark, and points out the eternal and vibrant life state in silence with the vitality of cyan, using metonymy rhetoric. Make friends, know friends, are noble people, study classics on the piano, and live a leisurely life. Away from noisy music and depressing official duties, such a leisurely life is really enviable. This kind of life style, which is both like a hermit and a secular life, is envied by nobles and yearned for by ordinary people. Through these descriptions, we can see a picture of a fairy's life and express the elegant life interest of the humble owner.
"Nanyang Zhuge Lu, West Shu Zi Ting Yun". The author compares the Humble Room with Zhuge Liang's Nanyang Caotang and Yang Xiong Xishu's former residence, in order to show that Zhuge Liang and Yang Xiong are their companions. It also shows that the author regards these two as his role models and hopes that he can have noble moral conduct like them. In fact, Liu Yuxi wrote another meaning, that is, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in the middle school, waiting for the wise Lord to come out of the mountain. What about Yang Xiong? But he is a scholar with fame and fortune and devoted himself to reading. Although he is a top official, his indifference to the ups and downs of official positions and money is a model for future generations. Liu Yuxi quoted the meaning of these two people. What he wants to express is: don't be chaotic in times of crisis, don't be afraid in times of crisis, stick to moral integrity, and don't be surprised by honor or disgrace. I don't want to go with the flow, but I want to show my ambition when I meet the wise Lord of SHEN WOO. If I don't have a wise Lord, I would like to be plain. This combination with the ups and downs of Liu Yuxi's officialdom is more in line with the actual situation.
(8-9 sentences):
The last sentence quoted "Confucius: What's wrong?" Quote the words of the ancients, wrap up the whole article, and explain that the humble room is "not ugly" Expressed his pursuit of the highest moral quality of feudal ethics at that time. Perhaps Liu Yuxi's highest requirement for his moral quality is to use the ethical norms affirmed by saints and demand himself. This conclusion, no matter what the content means, combined with the meaning of the question, is ingenious. Because feudal ethics takes Confucian moral standards as the highest moral standards, the affirmation of Confucius saints also gives the best conclusion for his moral quality theory. The thesis should have arguments, and quoting Confucius' sacred words as arguments is undoubtedly the best argument at that time, which is sufficient and irrefutable.
It can be said that the theme of this essay is to express the author's noble sentiment of being indifferent and not serving through the description and praise of the humble room, and to reflect his noble character of not colluding with the powerful.
Ideological content
The full text of 8 1 word can be said to be poor in writing and revealing. The opening words 16 set the tone for the full text. "The mountain is not high, there is a fairy by this name. The water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit. " On the surface, "fairy" and "dragon" add color to the landscape, but in fact they are the masters of my humble abode. The Master of the Humble Room lives in a humble room, but his spiritual thoughts are so rich: The Scholars, The Book of Jin and Su Qin not only describe the ugliness appreciation pursued by the Master of the Humble Room from the aspects of making friends, learning and enjoying, but also the richness of the words Hong, Jin and Su, which are also out of touch with ugliness appreciation. As he himself said, "I am humble, but I am virtuous." He described his noble thoughts and morals with fragrant fragrance, highlighting that the owner of a humble room is not pursuing fame and fortune (getting something for nothing) or wealth (making no fuss), but a clean heart, elegant taste and virtue. The author compares The Humble Room to Zhuge Lu and Ziyunge. We say this is not too much, and it also highlights the master's heart of "being poor and enjoying the Tao", so we say, "What is humble?"
Not only does the pursuit of elegance and spirit make people feel that the humble room is not humble, that is, the words that directly describe the humble room are "the moss on the stage is green, and the grass in the curtain is green", but also people do not feel the meaning of "humble", giving people more of a hut covered by lush grass and full of vitality. This is really a humble room.
Writing background
Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription has long been a well-known "masterpiece", but in fact this masterpiece is "angry". Liu Yuxi was exiled to Anhui and Zhou Xian as a small judge because he took part in the political reform movement at that time, which offended the powerful people of the dynasty. According to the regulations, Tongguan will live in three three-bedroom rooms in the county government. However, he and Hezhou magistrate saw that Liu Yuxi was a soft persimmon demoted from above, so they deliberately made things difficult. First, he was arranged to live by the river in the south of the city. Liu Yuxi didn't complain, but was very happy. He also casually wrote two couplets and posted them on the door: "Face the river, look at the white sails, and fight for the ruling and opposition." The magistrate was very angry when he learned that Liu Yuxi's residence was moved from the south gate of the county seat to the north gate of the county seat, and the area was reduced from three to one and a half. The new house is by the Desheng River, with weeping willows nearby, and the environment is OK. Liu Yuxi still didn't care, so he wrote two sentences on the door: "weeping willows are beside the Qinghe River, people are in the sun, and their hearts are in Beijing."
The magistrate of a county saw that he was still carefree and indifferent, and sent someone to transfer him to the county center, giving him only a hut with only one bed, one table and one chair. In half a year, the magistrate forced Liu Yuxi to move three times, and each time the area was relatively small. In the end, it's just a closet. Thinking about this snobbish dog officer really insulted others, so he angrily wrote this extraordinary "Humble Room Inscription" and asked someone to carve a stone tablet and stand in front of the door.
Stylistic introduction
Inscriptions are some eulogizing or admonishing words carved on metal utensils and inscriptions in ancient times, which are used to describe life stories and are mostly used to eulogize and exhort others. Later it gradually developed into an independent style. Due to its unique historical origin, this style is short and concise. According to the classification of China's ancient style, "Ming" is a practical writing. If you understand the meaning of the inscription, you will understand the meaning of the question, that is, to praise the humble room, and the content included is to praise the noble character of the people in the humble room. In fact, it is to praise the reality of moral quality in the name of humble room, which is what the author really means. Express your ambition by holding something, so as to clarify the author's attitude towards life and outlook on life. This is quite similar to Ailian's Theory.
Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room"
"Humble Room Inscription" spread through the ages, and the humble room became famous all over the world. Today, Liu Yuxi's humble room is located in Hexian County, Anhui Province. The three rooms and nine rooms are in a figure of eight, with cornices and arches, white walls and black tiles. It is elegant and simple, quiet and graceful. Full of green, Shipu Yard, welcomes guests with pine and bamboo, as if smelling the rich fragrance of calligraphy. In the small and exquisite pavilion on the east side of the courtyard, there is a stone tablet of "Humble Room Inscription", which is engraved with the full text of "Humble Room Inscription" circulated for thousands of years, written by calligrapher Meng Fanqing, which is graceful and pleasing to the eye. In the middle of the first room, there is a statue of Liu Yuxi, handsome and solemn, with a plaque of "Zhuo Zhen Xian Liang" hanging on it. The humble room covers a small area, and it seems that people and nature have been purified here.
Loushiming
Liu Yuxi
Author Liu Yuxi (772-842), whose real name is Meng De, was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang City, Henan Province). Tang Dezong was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), and he entered the course of erudition and macro-speech in the same year. In the eleventh year of Zhenyuan, he took a scholar from Wendeng's official department and awarded the prince a school book. Later, he was successively remonstrated and cultivated as foreign minister. In the first year of Shunzong Yongzhen (805), Wang Group's innovation movement failed, and Liu was implicated. He was demoted to Lianzhou (now Lianxian County, Guangdong Province) as a secretariat, and later to Langzhou (now Changde City, Hunan Province) as a Sima, and died on the way. Xian Zongyuan and ten years (8 15) were recalled to Chang 'an and expelled from Chang 'an. He was the secretariat of Lianzhou, Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Sichuan) and Hezhou (now Hexian, Anhui). Back in Luoyang in the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), his career began to be smooth. In his later years, as a guest of the prince, he divided the company into Du Dong (Luoyang) and added to the history of the school. Liu Mengde's collected works have forty volumes.
Liu Yuxi has been eager to learn since childhood. Besides studying classics, he also dabbled extensively in calligraphy, astronomy and medicine. Poetry is the most famous of his literary creations, and Bai Juyi said that his "writing style is wonderful, not in front of poetry" ("Bai Liu's Singing Interpretation"). He occupies an important position in the ancient prose movement. At that time, the literary world was dominated by Li Ao and Han Yu and regarded as a generation. Liu said that he was "good at theory", and his paper was clear and well-argued. Prose is concise and clear.
The mountain is not high, and the fairy is named; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. Division is humble [1], and I am virtuous [2]. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green. There are scholars [3] and no Ding Bai [4]. You can tune the pipa [5] and read Jin Dian [6]. There is no confusion [7] and no overwork [8]. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang [9], Ting Yun in Xishu [10], and Kong Ziyun: "What is [1 1]?"
—— Selected from No.08, Volume 6 of Quantang Wen.
To annotate ...
"Shi" and "Shi" are both demonstrative pronouns. A house with simple and narrow furniture. [2] Wei: With the preposition "one", 2 plays the role of emphasizing the cause. XρnNew: It means noble conduct. Xin: The fragrance that can spread far away. [3] Hongru: This refers to a learned person. [4] Ding Bai: an unknown civilian. This refers to people who are ignorant and ignorant. [5] Su Qin: A piano without carving and painting. [6] The Book of Gold: The Diamond Sutra (referred to as the King Kong Prajna Sutra or the King Kong Prajna Paramita Sutra) was widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty. (7) Silk and bamboo: strings and wind music. Here refers to musical instruments in general. Hearing impairment: cause hearing impairment. [8] Case files: documents that government officials deal with daily. [9] Nanyang: Place name, west of Xiangyang County, Hubei Province. Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang Lu before coming out of the mountain. Ziyun: Yang Xiong in the Han Dynasty (53- 18 BC). He is a native of Xishu (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and his residence is called "Yangzifu". It is said that he wrote Tai Xuan Jing in Yangzi Building, so it is also called Cao Xuantang. Yunting in this article refers to its residence. Sichuan still has weizi and Ziyun City to commemorate him. [1 1] He Lou 2 has: 1. Advanced objects. The whole sentence means "What's the matter?" The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "Zi wants to live in Jiuyi, or' Is it ugly?' Confucius said,' How can a gentleman be humble if he lives there?' "